硫化物的水解

微溶性化合物的克分子溶解度（L）和溶度积常数(Ksp)的关系,一般说来,颇为简单。例如化合物AmBn,Ksp=（mL）m·（nL）n=mm·nn·Lm+n,L=(Ksp/mm·nn)m+n。但此项关系,有时并不这样简单。定性分析上常常遇见的硫化物,其Ksp与L 间更显示着微妙的关系。促成这微妙关系的原因颇多,例如:硫化物的沉淀,可能是金属游子先和H S-游子沉淀为氢硫化物,再由氢硫化物失去H2S 而成硫化物;Zn++,

Synthesis of High Purity Lithium Sulfide for Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Applications through Hydrogen Reduction of Lithium Sulfate

This paper is aimed to present a clean,inexpensive and sustainable method to synthesize high purity lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)powder through hydrogen reduction of lithium sulfate(Li_(2)SO_(4)).A three-step reduction process has been successfully developed to synthesize well-crystallized and single-phase Li_(2)S powder by investigating the melting,sintering and reduction behavior of the mixtures of Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S.High purity alumina was found to be the most suitable crucible material for producing high purity Li_(2)S,because it was not attacked by the Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S melt during heating,as compared with other materials,such as carbon,mullite,quartz,boron nitride and stainless steel.The use of synthesized LizS resulted in higher purity and substantially higher room temperature ionic conductivity(2.77 mS·cm^(-1))for the argyrodite sulfide electrolyte Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl than commercial Li_(2)S(1.12 mS·cm^(-1)).This novel method offers a great opportunity to produce battery grade Li_(2)S for sulfide solid electrolyte applications.

吴船长讲海事案例

2017年1月31日约9时40分,中国香港籍油船“NEW GLOBE”轮在湄洲湾青兰山30万t原油码头卸货过程中货泵舱发生火灾,历时30 min左右,泵舱火灾被扑灭。事故造成货泵舱NO.2货泵轴承破断等严重损坏、货泵舱氧气和氢硫化物探测系统故障,所幸未造成人员伤亡。

小分子氢过硫化物供体的研究进展

小分子氢过硫化物(RSSH)具有独特的化学性质,近年来其生物学活性备受瞩目.近五年间,生理或病理条件下即可实现RSSH原位释放供体化合物取得了突破性的进展,这类供体将成为研究RSSH生理功能、作用机制以及治疗潜能的有力工具.按照激活模式将现有供体分子分为五类,即酯酶激活型、ROS(活性氧物种)激活型、pH依赖型、光激活型以及硝基还原酶激活型,并对各类供体进行综述.现有供体在细胞水平表现出理想的抗氧化应激活性,部分供体已经应用于心肌缺血再灌注模型的干预中,并取得了积极效果.此外,还介绍了供体的释放机理及其概念验证过程,并对供体分子的发展前景进行了展望.

在200—300℃温度下金在硫砷化物溶液中的溶解度

本文报道了砷作为氧化剂参与金迁移和沉积过程的实验研究。

’94石油热

这里的气温在冬天可达零下50度,在夏天则可高达零上50度,再加上成群结队如轰炸机般的蚊子更使人们避之唯恐不及,而更糟糕的是拔地而起的无色透明的氢硫化物旋风在瞬间可以置人于死地,因此这里的工人都随时戴好防毒面具,背上氧气袋。

怪异的管状蠕虫

1977年,小型勘探潜艇阿尔文号潜航在东太平洋拉帕戈斯群岛海域的洋底,突然在探照灯光中出现一处由岩浆涌出而形成的海底热液裂隙,乳白色和蓝色的热液喷涌而出,裂隙旁一簇簇"白梗红花"轻轻摆动。在死寂般的洋底见到如此五彩的活跃景象,令加里福尼亚大学海洋生态学家奇尔德雷斯惊叹万分。这是什么环境呀!水深2600米,压力达几十个大气压,阳光永远照不到。

Biotreatment of Odor Waste Gases by Immobilized Ceramsite Biofilter

[Objective] To find out the process conditions and influence factors for the biotreatment of odor gases of hydrogen sulfide（H2S） and ammonia（NH3）. [Method]The degradation performances on H2 S and NH3 were investigated during the start-up and stable operation process of biofilter with ceramsites as the packing microorganisms. [Result] The biofilm formation of the biofilter system to purify the waste gas of H2 S was completed within 9 d, and the removal rate of H2 S could reach up to 99% with the initial concentration of 100-1 000 mg/m^3 and empty bed residence time（EBRT） of142-290 s. The biofilm formation of the biofilter system to purify the waste gas of NH3 was completed within 10 d with the removal rate reaching up to 94.61%.[Conclusion] Under suitable conditions, the biofilter showed high removal rates to both H2 S and NH3.

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates gastric mucosal injury induced by restraint water-immersion stress via activation of KATPchannel and NF-κB dependent pathway

AIMTo explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric lesions in rats and the influence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway on such an effect.METHODSMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a physiological saline (PS) group, a sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, a glibenclamide (Gl) group, Gl plus NaHS group, a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group, and a PDTC plus NaHS group. Gastric mucosal injury was induced by RWIS for 3 h in rats, and gastric mucosal damage was analyzed after that. The PS, NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg body weight), Gl (100 μmol/kg or 150 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight), PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight), and PDTC (100 μmol/kg body weight) plus NaHS (100 μmol/kg body weight) were respectively injected intravenously before RWIS.RESULTSRWIS induced serious gastric lesions in the rats in the PS pretreatment group. The pretreatment of NaHS (a H2S donor) significantly reduced the damage induced by RWIS. The gastric protective effect of the NaHS during RWIS was attenuated by PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, and also by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that exogenous H2S plays a protective role against RWIS injury in rats, possibly through modulation of KATP channel opening and the NF-κB dependent pathway.

Personal Review:Sources of sulfide in waste streams and current biotechnologies for its removal

Sulfide-containing waste streams are generated by a number of industries. It is emitted into the environment as dis- solved sulfide (S2- and HS-) in wastewaters and as H2S in waste gases. Due to its corrosive nature, biological hydrogen sulfide removal processes are being investigated to overcome the chemical and disposal costs associated with existing chemically based removal processes. The nitrogen and sulfur metabolism interacts at various levels of the wastewater treatment process. Hence, the sulfur cycle offers possibilities to integrate nitrogen removal in the treatment process, which needs to be further optimized by appropriate design of the reactor configuration, optimization of performance parameters, retention of biomass and optimization of biomass growth. The present paper reviews the biotechnological advances to remove sulfides from various environments.

基于FRET的双发射荧光探针的传感机理及分子设计

氢过硫化物(R-SSH)是调节哺乳动物生理过程中重要的反应活性硫物种.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法,研究了香豆素和氧杂蒽为给受体的R-SSH探针的电子结构及光物理性质,并对其响应机制进行了理论分析.计算结果表明,氧化后电子吸收光谱的明显蓝移源于分子内局域激发本质发生根本改变.由于电荷转移跃迁特征增强导致长波发射带消失,使荧光共振能量转移由开到关,实现了氢过硫化物的可逆比率荧光检测.设计的PX1和PX2满足荧光共振能量转移和比率荧光探针条件,可作为氢过硫化荧光探针使用.

Emissions of Biogenic Sulfur Gases(H2S,COS)from Phragmites australis Coastal Marsh in the Yellow River Estuary of China

Emissions of biogenic sulfur gases(hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) and carbonyl sulfide(COS)) from Phragmites australis coastal marsh in the Yellow River estuary of China were determined during April to December in 2014 using static chamber-gas chromatography technique with monthly sampling. The results showed that the fluxes of H_2S and COS both had distinct seasonal and diurnal variations. The H_2S fluxes ranged from 0.09 μg/(m^2·h) to 7.65 μg/(m^2·h), and the COS fluxes ranged from –1.10 μg/(m^2·h) to 3.32 μg/(m^2·h). The mean fluxes of H_2S and COS from the P. australis coastal marsh were 2.28 μg/(m^2·h), and 1.05 μg/(m^2·h), respectively. The P. australis coastal marsh was the emission source of both H_2S and COS over the whole year. Fluxes of H_2S and COS were both higher in plant growing season than in the non-growing season. Temperature had a dramatic effect on the H_2S emission flux, while the correlations between COS flux and the environmental factors were not found during sampling periods. More in-depth and comprehensive research on other related factors, such as vegetation, sediment substrates, and tidal action is needed to discover and further understand the key factors and the release mechanism of sulfur gases.

Catalyses of Metals and Their Sulfides in Selective Hydrogenation of 9,10-Diphenylanthracene

Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of 9,10 diphenylanthracene (9,10 DPA) , used as a coal related model compound, was investigated at a relatively low temperature. The results show that the Fe and Ni mainly catalyze non ipso hydrogenation of 9,10 DPA without sulfur, but selectively promote ipso hydrogenation of 9,10 DPA in the presence of sulfur.

Tuning the oxygen evolution electrocatalysis on NiFe-layered double hydroxides via sulfur doping

We report a facile way to prepare sulfur(S) doped Ni4/5 Fe1/5-layered double hydroxide(LDH) electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). The influence of S doping amount on the OER activity of the resulted Ni Fe-LDHs was studied and the optimal surface S content was ca. 0.43 at%. The developed S-doped Ni Fe-LDH exhibits excellent OER catalyst activity in 1.0 M KOH with overpotential of only 257 m V at the current density of 10 m A cm^-2. Moreover, the catalyst could maintain high activity after 30 h stability test. The high activity of the S-doped Ni Fe-LDH catalysts may originate from the synergistic effect between S and the Fe sites. This work provides a simple but efficient way to improve the OER performance of transition metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides.

Copper‐doped zinc sulfide nanoframes with three‐dimensional photocatalytic surfaces for enhanced solar driven H_(2) production

Solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion is perceived as one of the most potential solutions to the current energy and environmental crisis,yet requires major scientific endeavors on the development of efficient and sustainable photocatalysts.Remolding the composition and morphology of a semiconductor jointly for the purpose of improving photocatalysis efficiency remains challenging.Herein,we rationally fabricated Cu‐doped ZnS nanoframes via a simple conjunct strategy of substitutional doping,chemical acidic etching,and sulfidation,aiming at enhancing the light utilization and charge separation/transfer efficiency for solar‐light‐driven hydrogen generation.Cu‐doped zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8(ZIF‐8)rhombic dodecahedrons are transformed to hollow Cu‐ZIF‐8 nanoframes converted to Cu‐ZnS nanoframes with three‐dimensional photocatalytic active surfaces via anisotropic chemical etching,which is further converted to Cu‐ZnS nanoframes.By combining the merits of optimal heteroatom doping and frame‐like open architecture,the obtained 1%Cu‐doped ZnS nanoframe exhibits high photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation with improved hydrogen production rate up to 8.30 mmol h^(–1) g^(–1) and excellent stability in the absence of cocatalysts,which is significantly improved in comparison with those of the bare ZnS and Cu‐ZnS with different morphologies.This work inspired by merging the merits of metal doping and anisotropic chemical etching may shed light on the rational design and fabrication of advanced photocatalysts.

Co-intensification of gold leaching with heavy metals and hydrogen peroxide

Co-intensification was researched to accelerate gold leaching with regards to its electrochemical nature by using anodic intensifiers of heavy metal ions (Pb2+,Bi3+,Tl+,Hg2+ and Ag+) on the basis of hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching on three different types of materials which were classified as a refractory sulphide gold concentrate,an easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate,and a low grade oxide gold ore according to their leaching characteristics.The results showed that,favorable co-intensification effects on the three materials were obtained and leaching time of gold was effectively shortened to no longer than 12 h from 16 to 24 h for hydrogen peroxide assistant leaching.For the five tested heavy metal ions,Bi3+and Tl+ presented co-intensifying effect on all the three materials,and Hg2+ caused co-intensifying effect on both refractory and easily leachable sulphide gold concentrates,and Pb2+ and Ag+ only had co-intensifying effect on the easily leachable sulphide gold concentrate.

Fe/Co and Ni/Co-pentlandite type electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Metal-rich transition metal sulfides recently gained increasing attention as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as they are capable to overcome major challenges faced by sulfide-rich metal catalysts such as limited conductivity and the necessity of nanostructuring.Herein,we present the synthesis,characterization and electrocatalytic investigation of ternary metal-rich sulfide composites FexCo9-xS8 as well as Ni_(y)Co_(9-y)S_(8)(x=y=0-4.5),which possess pentlandite-type structures.In this study,we show a stepwise alteration of the binary cobalt pentlandite Co9S8 and report on the replacement of cobalt with up to 4.5 equivalents of either iron or nickel.These altered pentlandite composites facilitate the proton reduction in acidic media at different temperatures.We furthermore show that the stoichiometric variation has a decisive influence on the electrochemical activation/deactivation behavior of the catalysts under reductive electrocatalytic conditions.Here,Co-deficient composites display an improved HER performance in contrast to Co_(9)S_(8).Notably,Ni/Co compounds generally tend to show higher catalytic activities towards HER than their respective Fe/Co compounds.

ZIF-67 derived CoSx/NC catalysts for selective reduction of nitro compounds

Transition metal sulfides(TMSs)-based materials have been extensively investigated as effective non-noble catalysts for various applications.However,the exploration of TMSs-based catalysts for hydrogenation of nitro compounds is limited.Herein,CoSx/NC catalysts were prepared by solvothermal sulfurization of ZIF-67,followed by high-temperature annealing(300–600℃)under NH3 atmosphere.It was found that the structures and compositions of the as-prepared CoSx/NC can be readily tuned by varying the annealing temperature.Particularly,CoSx/NC-500,which possesses higher degree of S defects and larger specific surface areas,can achieve high conversion,selectivity and stability for catalytic reduction of nitro compounds into amines under mild reaction conditions.

Influence of Metal Sulfides as Anode Catalysts on Performance of H_2S SOFC

Two anode catalysts with Pt, MoS2 and composite metal sulfides (MoS2+NiS), are investigated for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at temperatures 750-850℃. The catalysts comprising MoS2 and MoSa+NiS exhibited good electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. MoS2 and composite catalysts were found to be more active than Pt, a widely used catalyst for high temperature H2S/O2 fuel cell at 750-850℃. However, MoS2 itself sublimes above 450℃. In contrast, composite catalysts containing both Mo and transition metal (Ni) are shown to be stable and effective in promoting the oxidation of H2S in SOFC up to 850℃. However, electric contact is poor between the platinum current collecting layer and the composite metal sulfide layer, so that the cell performance becomes worse. This problem is overcome by adding conductive Ag powder into the anode layer (forming MoS2+NiS+Ag anode material) to increase anode electrical conductance instead of applying a thin layer of platinum on the top of anode.