动态血氧分析系统的原理与特点

本文介绍了动态血氧分析系统的原理。

EO/EG装置氧分析系统的联锁改造

氧分析系统的安全联锁对氧化反应装置的安全运行是极其重要的。原EO/EG装置氧分析系统的联锁由于存在着不完善和可靠性差的隐患 ,据此对该系统进行了改进。通过改进 ,提高了系统的安全和可靠性。对保障装置的安全生产和设备的安全将起到重要的作用。

A new record of a flathead fish (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding

A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 （sensu Nakabo, 2002） was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp. 1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit （COI） gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp. 1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp. 1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COl sequence analysis strongly supports the validity ofPlatyceohalus sp. 1 at genetic level.

Carbon dioxide insufflation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM:To assess the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS:The Cochrane Library, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Science Citation Index Expanded, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and references in relevant publications were searched up to December 2011 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CO2 insufflation with air insufflation during ERCP. The trials were included in the review irrespec-tive of sample size, publication status, or language. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.1.6. A random-effects model was used to analyze various outcomes.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed if necessary. R ESULTS:Seven double-blind RCTs involving a total of 818 patients were identified that compared CO2 insufflation (n = 404) with air insufflation (n = 401) during ERCP. There were a total of 13 post-random- ization dropouts in four RCTs. Six RCTs had a high risk of bias and one had a low risk of bias. None of the RCTs reported any severe gas-related adverse events in either group. A meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (n = 459) indicated that patients in the CO2 insufflation group had less post-ERCP abdominal pain and distension for at least 1 h compared with patients in the air insuf-flation group. There were no significant differences in mild cardiopulmonary complications [risk ratio (RR) = 0.43, 95% CI:0.07-2.66, P = 0.36], cardiopulmonary (e.g., blood CO2 level) changes [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.97, 95% CI: -2.58-0.63, P = 0.23], cost analysis (mean difference = 3.14, 95% CI:-14.57-20.85, P = 0.73), and total procedure time (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI:-0.26-0.17, P = 0.67) between the two groups. C ONCLUSION:CO2 insufflation during ERCP appears to be safe and reduces post-ERCP abdominal pain and discomfort.

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta)

In 2008, a green tide broke out before the sailing competition of the 29th Olympic Games in Qingdao. The causative species was determined to be Enteromorpha prolifera （Ulva prolifera O. F. Miiller）, a familiar green macroalga along the coastline of China. Rapid accumulation of a large biomass of floating U. prolifera prompted research on different aspects of this species. In this study, we constructed a nonnormalized cDNA library from the thalli of U. prolifera and acquired 10072 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs）. These ESTs were assembled into 3 519 nonredundant gene groups, including 1 446 clusters and 2 073 singletons. After annotation with the nr database, a large number of genes were found to be related with chloroplast and ribosomal protein, GO functional classification showed 1 418 ESTs participated in photosynthesis and 1 359 ESTs were responsible for the generation of precursor metabolites and energy. In addition, rather comprehensive carbon fixation pathways were found in U. prolifera using KEGG. Some stress-related and signal transduction-related genes were also found in this study. All the evidences displayed that U. prolifera had substance and energy foundation for the intense photosynthesis and the rapid proliferation. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I revealed that this green-tide causative species is most closely affiliated to Pseudendoclonium akinetum （Ulvophyceae）.

A new nanocluster polyoxomolybdate [Mo_(36)O_(110)(NO)_4(H_2O)_(14)]·52H_2O:Synthesis, characterization and application in oxidative degradation of common organic dyes

Polyoxomolybdate [Mo36O110（NO）4（H2O）14].52H2O was synthesized by a simple one-pot procedure through reducing an acidified mixture of Na2MoO4.2H2O and NH2OH. HCl. In order to create a heterogeneous catalyst system, the polyoxomolybdate was pillared with MgAI-LDH-NO3 by direct ion exchange. These novel materials were carefully analyzed by various chemico-physical methods, The catalytic degradation of methylene blue （MB） and rhodamine B （RB） as common dyes in the presence of MgAl-LDH-1 nanoparticles with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, as an oxidizing agent was studied in aqueous solution at room temperature. More importantly, the catalyst can be recovered and reused efficiently up to five consecutive cycles with negligible loss of catalytic activity.

A Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis of Luidia (Paxillosida: Luidiidae) from Chinese Waters with Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Sequences

Luidia Forbes （Paxillosida： Luidiidae） are common soft bottom sea stars with 49 described species. Because of substan- tial morphological diversity, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and hasn＇t been resolved definitely. In order to resolve general taxonomic issues, and determine species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Luidia, the sequences of tyro- chrome oxidase subunit I （COI） gene from 24 specimens of Luidia, belonging to eight taxa in Chinese waters, were studied. Three sequences of two species in genus Luidia from GenBank were used to analyze the phylogenetie relationships. The molecular phy- logeny exhibited three main clades, each with strong bootstrap support： Clade A including Luidia quinaria from the Sea of Japan; Clade B including seven nominal species （L. quinaria von Martens, L. yesoensis Goto, L. ehangi Liu, Liao and Li, L. orientalis Fisher, L. avicularia Fisher, L. longispina Sladen and L. hardwicki Gray） from Chinese waters; and Clade C including L. maculata Miiller ＆ Troschel from Chinese waters. Our molecular phylogeny results support the morphological Quinaria-Group and Alter- nata-Group assigned by D6derlein. Seven nominal species we sampled do not exhibit genetic distances that are large enough to rec- ognize them as separate species. Cryptic species may exist in ＇Luidia quinaria＇ from the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. Meaning- ful morphological characters need further investigation in Luidia.

Multivariate Analysis in the Climate Change Studies and Water Quality of Lake Patzcuaro （Mexico）

In this study, the authors carried out the systemic analysis of water quality of Lake Patzcuaro in relationship with the climate change during a period of 85 years. The statistical comparison （medians, ＂t＂ Student test, regressions and correlations） for the precipitation, evaporation, observed temperature, minimum and maximum for the periods 1969-1988 （pre-impact） and 1988-2007 （post-impact） was realized. The ＂t＂ Student test for water quality during the period of 1981-2011, as well as, the regression analysis and multiple linear correlation of water quality from 2006 to 2011 were applied in joint way of the Cluster and Principal Component to observe the effects of climate change on water quality and vulnerability of Lake Patzcuaro. The comparative analysis of the meteorological data for 1921-1960 and 1973-2007 by the KOppen classification showed a climate change. The comparative Box Plots diagrams for 1973-1989 and 1989-2007, as well as, the ＂t＂ Student test, linear regression and correlation indicated significant changes in time for precipitation, evaporation, observed temperature, minimum and maximum （P ≤ 0.05）. The correlation and regression analysis indicated significant positive trends for turbidity, conductivity, total phosphorus, aluminum, oils and grease, in contrast with Secchi disk depth, transparency, Redox potential and dissolved oxygen concentration. The ＂t＂ Student test showed significant differences between 1981 and 2011 for transparency, hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, nitrite, and phosphate. Cluster and Principal Components of the physicochemical and biological of 2006-2011 confirmed the vulnerability of the system by human growth and climate change influence.

Exergetic Comparative Analysis of Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Two-Stage Cycles for Simultaneous Cooling and Heating

The paper deals with the comparative analysis of the performance of cooling and heating systems operating with NH3 （ammonia） or CO2 （carbon dioxide）, both natural refrigerants. The study is based on the exergetic analysis that points out the location and the magnitude of a system malfunction. Both systems, with NH3 or CO2 operate in two stages. The exergetic analysis gives the direction of the structural optimization. The exergetic analysis has shown that the best structural schematic is not the same for the two agents. The exergetic analysis points out that the largest exergy destruction in the CO2 cycle is due to the throttling process and offers solutions to diminish it.

Analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism Considering the Environmental Co-benefits of Reducing Air Pollutants in China

An electricity generation planning model of the six major Chinese power grids was developed based on the General Algebraic Modeling System to evaluate and analyze the CDM （clean development mechanism）, including consideration of the environmental co-benefits of reductions in air pollutants （SO~, NO~ and particulate matter） achieved by advanced electricity generation technologies incorporating CCS （carbon capture and storage）. An objective function was developed that included revenue from sales of electric power, total system cost, the cost of CO2 transport and storage, and emissions reduction co-benefits for SOx, NO~, and particulate matter. The objective function was minimized using an optimization model. We also developed a method for evaluating and analyzing the potential for transferring advanced power generation technologies into the Chinese power system through the CDM. We found that： （1） thermal power generation is predominant in the Chinese electricity system and will remain so for a long time; （2） advanced thermal plants are being installed as a result of the CDM, which contribute to decreasing emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants; and （3） CCS projects have significant potential to reduce substantial and sustained CO2 emissions from the Chinese power and industrial sectors.

离子色谱法测定高纯碳酸二甲酯总氯、总硫的含量

本文所述的方法采用高纯DMC在富氧中燃烧,转化为无机的氯离子(Cl^(-))和硫酸根离子(SO_(4)^(2-)),高纯水吸收后用离子色谱柱进行分离,电导检测器检测,外标法定量,有较好的专属性,线性好,检出限,精密度、准确度高,操作简便,满足生产质量控制要求。

Performance analysis for power generating system by using matrix method

We verified that the matrix method, a process analysis method used mainly for life cycle inventory analysis, has several advantages in the analysis of power systems, which have recently become more complex to enhance efficiency and to reduce C02 emissions. While designing a conceptual thermodynamic model of a complex power system, the matrix method provides a definite procedure and facilitates calculations, even if there is a recttrsive loop between the upstream and downstream processes. Similarly, in the case of partial modification to the constructed model, the matrix method can potentially reduce the time and effort required to calculate the thermodynamic balances, even if the constructed model is designed by others. In this study, we obtained mass flow and energy balances of example model power systems by the matrix method from the common thermodynamic conditions including temperatures and pressures which are set on the basis of an existing industrial steam power system. While analyzing the environmental impact of complex multiproduct power systems, such as carbon emissions, the matrix method can be used to easily derive the environmental impact of each final product. We could verify the efficacy of the matrix method in accurately deriving that of an example model power system.