琥珀酰水杨酸交联血红蛋白改善脓毒症的氧利用研究

目的：研究琥珀酰水杨酸交联血红蛋白（ＤＣＬＨｂ）在脓毒症时对氧利用的影响。方法：使用绵羊脓毒症模型，自身输血随机对照设计，实验分两个阶段进行：前３ 日建立动、静脉通路，采集自身全血，行盲肠结扎穿孔术（ＣＬＰ）。ＣＬＰ术后４８小时进入第二阶段，通过降低吸入氧分数（ＦｉＯ２）使动物进入氧供依赖，然后分别快速推入全血２００ ｍ ｌ或ＤＣＬＨｂ ２００ ｍ ｌ，在随后的６０ 分钟内选取不同时间点进行有关项目检测。结果：１１只动物进入ＤＣＬＨｂ 组；１０只进入全血组。复苏后，指标变化最明显时出现在第５ 分钟，ＤＣＬＨｂ 使全身氧耗（ＶＯ２ ）显著和立即增加，动脉乳酸和肠道血流量也明显增加。对照组在该点ＶＯ２ 变化不显著，而且肠道ＶＯ２、全身氧摄取（ＥＲＯ２ ）下降。１５ 分钟后，ＤＣＬＨｂ 的有效性迅速钝化。复苏后２组间血压（ＢＰ）有明显差异，ＤＣＬＨｂ 组始终高于全血组，直至研究结束。结论：在脓毒症和氧供依赖的状态下，ＤＣＬＨｂ 能够短暂但迅速和明显地提高全身氧耗；反之，全血并未显示任何有益的作用，甚至有害。ＤＣＬＨｂ 提高氧耗似乎是由于微循环和氧利用的改善，与全身流量和氧输送无关。

补氧活血利水疗法救治严重冲击波致脑及其微循环损伤

目的 :探讨补氧活血利水对爆炸时冲击波致脑微循环损伤修复效果。方法 :腰穿椎管注氧 10～ 15 m l,每 2～ 3日 1次。新鲜冷血浆 2 5 0 m l静滴 ,每日 2次。补阳还五汤半剂鼻饲 ,每日 2次 ,生理盐水 2 5 0 ml加双黄连注射液 2 0 ml静滴 ,每日 1次。结果 :患者 2 7例 ,死亡 4例 ,病死率为 14.8%。结论 :创用补氧活血利水疗法可提高爆炸时冲击波致脑及其微循环损伤的治愈率和生活质量 ,有良好的社会、军事。

促红细胞生成素可改善失血性休克大鼠小肠微循环灌注和组织氧利用能力

最近加拿大学者研究证明，静脉输注含促红细胞生成素（EPO）的生理盐水可改善失血性休克大鼠复苏时消化道毛细血管灌注和组织氧合作用。研究人员通过给SD大鼠放血（30ml／kg）并维持其平均动脉压40mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）约50min来制作失血性休克大鼠模型，将其随机分为输血组、输血＋重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）组、

氦氧混合气可以提高COPD患者运动时携氧量和氧利用能力

含氧量正常的氦氧混合气（79％He-21％O2）可以提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的运动耐量，但此种益处是否可以提高自主运动肌肉的供氧尚待进一步研究。为了了解氦氧混合气在中到重度COPD患者运动时的外周供氧和利用，巴西圣保罗联邦大学的Chiappa GR等进行了研究，并将其结果发表在2009年3月的Am J Respir Crit Care Med杂志上。

疏肝利胆汤联合左氧氟沙星在急性胆囊炎患者中的治疗效果及安全性研究

目的探讨疏肝利胆汤联合左氧氟沙星在急性胆囊炎患者中的治疗效果及安全性。方法选择2021年1月-2022年1月医院急性胆囊炎患者100例为研究对象,依据随机抽签法将其分为两组,对照组和研究组,每组各50例。对照组予以左氧氟沙星治疗,研究组予以疏肝利胆汤联合左氧氟沙星治疗。比较两组治疗效果、安全性、血清炎症因子水平。结果治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率96.00%高于对照组82.00%(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组出现胆壁增厚、胆囊壁毛糙、胆囊体积变形的总发生率4.00%低于对照组16.00%(P<0.05);治疗前,两组血清炎症因子水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论疏肝利胆汤联合左氧氟沙星在急性胆囊炎患者中具有积极意义,有效提升治疗有效率,安全性较高的同时改善血清炎症因子水平,利于病症好转以及恢复,值得推广。

鹅去氧胆酸联合消炎利胆片治疗胆石症疗效观察

目的探讨鹅去氧胆酸联合消炎利胆片治疗胆石症的临床疗效。方法将62例胆石症患者随机分为两组,观察组31例,采用鹅去氧胆酸联合消炎利胆片治疗;对照组31例,采用消炎利胆片治疗。观察治疗前后患者的临床症状和体征以及实验室指标和腹部B超检查结果的变化。结果用药4周后,观察组对临床症状和体征的改善的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组治疗前后实验室指标的变化与对照组比较,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鹅去氧胆酸联合消炎利胆片治疗胆石症可显著缓解临床症状,疗效确切,值得临床推广使用。

高血糖对糖尿病患者肢端血氯利用的影响

本文报告26例无慢性并发症的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者足背静脉血氧分压(PVO_2)与血糖关系的研究结果。糖尿病患者血糖未控制组PVO_2高于控制组和正常对照组,PVO_2与空腹血糖呈显著性正相关。提示①糖尿病早期病情控制不良可影响肢端组织摄氧,推测其机理与微血管扩张和/或血液流变性异常所致外周血流速度代偿性加快有关;②控制血糖可改善糖尿病患者末梢组织血氧利用,有助于微血管病变的防治。

前列腺素E_1对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者右心室功能的影响

目的 观察前列腺素E1对ARDS患者右心室功能不全变化的影响。方法 ICU收治的ARDS患者 30例静脉推注前列腺素E14 0 μg/d ,运用右心导管和血气分析技术观测用药前、用药后 48h、用药后 7d患者右心室功能指标及氧动力学的变化。结果 使用前列腺素E1后 48h获得轻度改善 (P <0 0 5 ) ,7d后改善明显 (P <0 0 1)。结论 前列腺素E1可降低ARDS患者肺血管阻力 ,改善患者的右心室功能 ,提高患者的氧输送及氧利用 ,降低死亡率。

脑红蛋白在视网膜中的研究现状

脑红蛋白(Ngb)是最近发现于哺乳动物大脑中的一类携氧球蛋白,在视网膜组织中脑红蛋白有比其他部位更高程度的表达,虽然视网膜的耗氧量大于脑,但视网膜对缺血缺氧的忍受时间却远远大于同样情况下大脑所能忍受的时间。同其他中枢神经元一样,脑红蛋白在视网膜上的表达升高也与缺氧有关,提示Ngb在视网膜氧的摄取和利用过程中起着重要作用。

前列腺素E_1对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者右心室功能不全的影响

目的观察前列腺素E1对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者右心室功能不全变化的影响。方法运用右心导管和血气分析技术观测用药前、用药后48 h、用药后7 d患者右心室功能指标及氧动力学的变化。结果30例ARDS患者静注使用前列腺素E1后48 h获得轻度改善(P<0.01)。结论前列腺素E1可降低ARDS患者肺血管阻力,改善患者的右心室功能,提高患者的氧输送及氧利用,降低死亡率。

运动、健康和衰老——需要继续研究的课题

大约在一九二五至一九六零年期间,美国和欧洲(斯堪的纳维亚地区除外)的医学科学会对于年龄较大的人从事比较剧烈运动的看法,是十分保守的。不过最近二十五年以来,已有所改变。美国心脏学会和某些医生鼓励人们从事较剧烈的运动,以此作为维持健康的一个重要手段。 过去对运动持否定看法,主要是受“生命速率论”的影响。按照这种理论,能量消耗和氧利用的速率愈大,则寿命愈短。随后。

Effect of Enzymes in Buccal Mucous Membrane on Buccal Absorption of Insulin

To evaluate the effect of proteolytic enzymes on the absorption of insulin in the buccal mucosa, the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method was used to estimate the degradation of insulin under different conditions in the buccal mucosal homogenates. In vivo experiments estimating the enhancement of hypoglycaemic effect by enzyme inhibitors were also conducted. The results showed that proteolytic enzymes in the buccal mucosa were less active than in the intestine. Bacitracin, aprotinin and sodium deoxycholate could inhibit the degradation of insulin in the buccal mucosal homogenates. The degradation of insulin in buccal mucosal homogenates of normal hamsters was smaller than that of diabetic hamsters. In vivo experiments of hypoglycaemia supported the in vitro results. When given buccally, bacitracin, aprotinin and sodium deoxycholate could increase the relative pharmacological bioavailability of insulin. When co-administered with aprotinin(0.1%), bacitracin(0.5%) and sodium deoxycholate(5%), the relative pharmacological bioavailabilities of insulin were 4.84%, 6.60% and 14.95% respectively. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that proteolytic enzymes are present in the buccal mucosa, which limit absorption of insulin. Co-administration with some enzyme inhibitors can improve the bioavailability of insulin via buccal delivery and sodium deoxycholte is more efficient than some enzyme inhibitors used for improving buccal absorption.

Trifunctional strategy for the design and synthesis of a Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst with remarkable low-temperature sintering and coking resistance for methane dry reforming

In this study,a trifunctional strategy was developed to prepare a confined Ni-based catalyst(Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2))for dry reforming of methane(DRM)of two main greenhouse gases-CO_(2)and CH_(4).The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst was fabricated by utilizing the confinement effect of the SiO_(2)shell and the synergistic interaction between Ni-Ce and the decoking effect of CeO_(2).The catalysts were systematically characterized via X-ray diffraction,N_(2 )adsorption/desorption,transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature reduction and desorption set by program,oxygen temperature program desorption,Raman spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements to reveal their physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst exhibited higher activity and stability than the catalyst synthesized via the traditional impregnation method.In addition,no carbon deposition was detected over Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)after a 100 h durability test at 800℃,and the average particle size of Ni nanoparticles(NPs)in the catalyst increased from 5.01 to 5.77 nm.Remarkably,Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)also exhibited superior low-temperature stability;no coke deposition was observed when the catalyst was reacted at 600℃ for 20 h.The high coking and sintering resistance of this confined Ni-based DRM catalyst can be attributed to its trifunctional effect.The trifunctional strategy developed in this study could be used as a guideline to design other high-performance catalysts for CO_(2)and CH4 dry forming and accelerate their industrialization.

Response of seedlings of different tree species to elevated CO_2 in Changbai Mountain

Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.

Extraction of manganese and zinc from their compound ore by reductive acid leaching

Comprehensive utilization of low grade manganese?zinc compound ore containing lead and silver with a method of reductive acid leaching was studied.According to theφ?pH diagram of Mn?Zn?H2O system,Mn and Zn can be leached simultaneously in the pH range of?2to5.61.The results showed that both hydrogen peroxide and sucrose were effective reductants which could intensify the simultaneous leaching of Mn and Zn into leachate as well as enrich Pb and Ag in the residue.95.88%of Mn and99.23%of Zn were extracted when the compound ore was leached with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid media,meanwhile the contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were enriched to13.21%and489.36g/t,respectively.When sucrose was used as the reductant,the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Zn separately achieved98.26%and99.62%,and contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were as high as13.92%and517.87g/t,respectively.

Preparation of tetrapod-like ZnO whiskers from waste hot dipping zinc

Large and uniform tetrapod-like ZnO whiskers （T-ZnO） were prepared from waste hot dipping zinc by vapor oxidation and examined by means of X-ray diffraction and ICP-AES analysis and scanning electron microscope. The products are pure hexagonal wurtzite crystals with tetrapod shape and edge size of center body 56 μm and needle length of 100130 μm. The size and shape of ZnO particles are fully controlled by the growth conditions and T-ZnO can be obtained only at 8501 000 ℃ and total gas flow rate ranging from 40 to 250 L·h-1 in which the size of the T-ZnO particles varies slightly with temperature. The process of the formation of T-ZnO is that T-ZnO may nucleate at the initial stage with a complete tetrapod shape and develop to the large size, but not the process of （preferential） growth of octahedral nuclei and subsequent growth of the needles. The experiment presents a new method to prepare T-ZnO economically by using the waste hot dipping zinc.

Influence of coal blending on mineral transformation at high temperatures

Transformation of mineral matter is important for coal utilization at high temperatures.This is especially true for blended coal.XRD and FTIR were employed together to study the transformation of mineral matter at high temperature in blended coals.It was found that the concentration of catalytic minerals, namely iron oxides, increases with an increasing ratio of Shenfu coal, which could improve coal gasification.The transformation characteristics of the minerals in blended coals are not exactly predictable from the blend ratio.This was proved by comparing the iron oxide content to the blending ratio.The results from FTIR are comparable with those from XRD.FTIR is an effective method for examining variation in mineral matter.

Iron Monosulfide Distribution in Three Coastal Floodplain Acid Sulfate Soils, Eastern Australia

The distribution of iron monosulfide (quantified as acid volatile sulfur: SAV) was compared with geo- chemical properties that are known to affect its formation and accumulation in three coastal Holocene acid sulfate soils (ASS) at Tuckean Swamp, McLeods Creek and Bungawalbyn Swamp respectively. These properties included PH, reactive iron (FeR), pore-water sulfate (SO:42-) and organic carbon (OC). Iron monosulfide was concentrated at the oxic/anoxic boundary. The Tuckean Swamp and McLeods Creek sites are Holocene sediments, whereas the Bungawalbyn Swamp is a Holocene peat. The concentration of SAV averaged 0.2 g kg-l in a 0.5 m thick soil layer at the Tuckean Swamp, but was an order of magnitude lower in the oxic/anoxic transition layers at McLeods Creek and Bungawalbyn Swamp. The SAV mineral greigite (Fe3S4) was identified in the Tuckean Swamp by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with quantitative energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Very small concentrations of greigite were also observed in the McLeods Creek, based on crystal morphology and elemental composition. The concentration of SAV was a small fraction of the total reduced sulfur, representing at most 3% of the Pyrite sulfur. However, the presence of this highly reactive sulfide mineral, distributed within pores where oxygen diffusion is most rapid, has important implications to the potential rate of acid production from these sediments.