氧化压力损伤标志物与心血管疾病和糖尿病的辅助诊断现状

自原子弹爆发引发人们对自由基的兴趣以来,自由基生物医学逐渐成为一门新兴学科。在众多自由基医学研究成果中,有关衰老、缺血再灌注和炎症的自由基理论,使人们对肿瘤、心血管疾病、衰老性疾病和糖尿病等疾病本质的认识发生了根本性改观。近年来,与自由基相关的氧化压力损伤标志物与疾病的关系逐步引起人们的关注。本文就氧化压力损伤标志物与心血管疾病和糖尿病的辅助诊断研究现状做一综述,为从自由基角度探讨心血管疾病和糖尿病的机制,使用合理的抗氧化干预提供线索。

盆腔氧化压力损伤及其与子宫内膜异位症发病机制关系的研究进展

氧化压力参与了子宫内膜异位症形成过程中的炎症反应过程。经血逆流可将大量红细胞、巨噬细胞及子宫内膜细胞等带入盆腔中这些被带入盆腔内的物质是盆腔中氧化压力产生的重要刺激因素。盆腔腹膜液中氧化压力过程会产生大量的活性氧,进而激活涉及机体免疫与炎症反应的核因子κB通路,并调控许多细胞的增殖、凋亡、黏附、侵袭以及局灶血管的生成,从而在盆腔子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展过程中起到重要作用。

Two clinically relevant pressures of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum cause hepatic injury in a rabbit model

AIM:To observe the hepatic injury induced by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum(CDP) in rabbits,compare the eects olow-and high-pressure pneumoperitoneum,and to determine the degree o hepatic injury induced by these two clinically relevant CDP pressures.METHODS:Thirty healthy male New Zealand rabbits weighing 3.0 to 3.5 kg were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10 for each group) and subjected to the ollowing to CDP pressures:no gas control,10 mmHg,or 15 mmHg.Histological changes in liver tissues were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.Liver unction was evaluated using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Adenine nucleotide translocator(ANT) activity in liver tissue was detected with the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique.Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels were detected bywestern blotting.RESULTS:Liver Functions in the 10 mmHg and 15 mmHg experimental groups were significantly disturbed compared with the control group.After CDP,the levels or alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were 77.3 ± 14.5 IU/L and 60.1 ± 11.4 IU/L,respectively,in the 10 mmHg experimental group and 165.1 ± 19.4 IU/L and 103.8 ± 12.3 IU/L,respectively,in the 15 mmHg experimental group,which were all higher than those of the control group(p < 0.05).There was no difference in pre-albumin concentration between the 10 mmHg experimental group and the control group,but the prealbumin level of the 15 mmHg experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(p < 0.05).No significant differences were observed in the levels of total bilirubin or albumin among the three groups.After 30 and 60 min of CDP,pH was reduced(p < 0.05) and fa CO2 was elevated(p < 0.05) in the 10 mmHg group compared with controls,and these changes were more pronounced in the 15 mmHg group.Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed no significant change in liver morphology,except for mild hyperemia in the two experimental groups.Transmission electron microscopy showed mild mitochondrial swelling in hepatocytes of the 10 mmHg group,and this was more pronounced in the 15 mmHg group.No significant difference in ANT levels was found between the control and 10 mmHg groups.However,ANT concentration was significantly lower in the 15 mmHg group compared with the control group.The expression of hepatic Bax was significantly increased in the two experimental groups compared with the controls,but there were no differences in Bcl-2 levels among the three groups.Twelve hours after CDP induction,the expression of hepatic Bax was more significant in the 15 mmHg group than in the 10 mmHg group.CONCLUSION:A CDP pressure of 15 mmHg caused more substantial hepatic injury,such as increased levels of acidosis,mitochondrial damage,and apoptosis;therefore,10 mmHg CDP is preferable for laparoscopic operations.

Flavonoid-rich fraction of the Monodora tenuifolia seed extract attenuates behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in forced-swim stressed rats

The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.