This paper presents the present status of sulfur dioxide emission from thermal plants in China, tells the main problems existing in its emission control and finally gives out suggestions to the problems, that is, to c...This paper presents the present status of sulfur dioxide emission from thermal plants in China, tells the main problems existing in its emission control and finally gives out suggestions to the problems, that is, to constitute complete standards and regulations and enhancesupervision accordingly.展开更多
Rising fuel prices, increasing emission levels and impending environmental regulations made shipping industry to find an alternate for internal combustion engine in 21st century. Fuel cell is a sustainable, emerging t...Rising fuel prices, increasing emission levels and impending environmental regulations made shipping industry to find an alternate for internal combustion engine in 21st century. Fuel cell is a sustainable, emerging technology with negligible pollution. More significantly for a research ship, emission levels need to be substantially low to have quality measurements. A feasibility study is carried-out First time in the world, to drive an ice class multi-disciplinary ORV （Oceanography Research Vessel） Sagarnidbi, using hydrogen powered fuel cell. Sagamidhi is equipped with special equipments viz., Deep Sea winch, specially designed cranes for Launching and retrieval of ROV （Remotely Operable Vehicle）, DSMC （Deep Sea Mining Crawler）, Tsunami systems, manned/unmanned submersible and ACS （Autonomous Coring System） and other facilities that support research in Indian, International and Antarctic waters. Beside this, the propulsion system along with DP （Dynamic Positioning）, centralized air conditioning and special equipments require enormous electrical power. The combustion of diesel oil in an engine, that coupled with an alternator generates electrical power required, along with NOx （Nitrous Oxides）, SOx （Sulphur Oxides） and PM （Particulate Matter） emissions. Shipping industry is the fourth largest contributor to air pollution and carbon emissions, particularly in coastal areas, and the growth rate makes the problem even more critical. Stringent international air pollution regulation and increasing fuel price paves the way for an alternative ＂green emission technology＂. Various fuel cells were analyzed with different combination of fuel, electrolyte and electrodes. From the analysis, it has been found that SOFC （Solid Oxide Fuel Cell） is most suitable for the present scenario. A fuel cell designed with hydrogen as fuel, zirconium oxides stabilized with yttrium oxide as electrolyte and zirconium electrodes is used for 1.5 MW power output and 0.5 MW through regenerator. Volume required for storage of hydrogen is in line with volume of fuel and a high standard safety measures were taken using sensors. The present system saves 3000 MT/annum of diesel oil costing 3,000,000 USD approximately.展开更多
An electricity generation planning model of the six major Chinese power grids was developed based on the General Algebraic Modeling System to evaluate and analyze the CDM （clean development mechanism）, including con...An electricity generation planning model of the six major Chinese power grids was developed based on the General Algebraic Modeling System to evaluate and analyze the CDM （clean development mechanism）, including consideration of the environmental co-benefits of reductions in air pollutants （SO~, NO~ and particulate matter） achieved by advanced electricity generation technologies incorporating CCS （carbon capture and storage）. An objective function was developed that included revenue from sales of electric power, total system cost, the cost of CO2 transport and storage, and emissions reduction co-benefits for SOx, NO~, and particulate matter. The objective function was minimized using an optimization model. We also developed a method for evaluating and analyzing the potential for transferring advanced power generation technologies into the Chinese power system through the CDM. We found that： （1） thermal power generation is predominant in the Chinese electricity system and will remain so for a long time; （2） advanced thermal plants are being installed as a result of the CDM, which contribute to decreasing emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants; and （3） CCS projects have significant potential to reduce substantial and sustained CO2 emissions from the Chinese power and industrial sectors.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the present status of sulfur dioxide emission from thermal plants in China, tells the main problems existing in its emission control and finally gives out suggestions to the problems, that is, to constitute complete standards and regulations and enhancesupervision accordingly.
文摘Rising fuel prices, increasing emission levels and impending environmental regulations made shipping industry to find an alternate for internal combustion engine in 21st century. Fuel cell is a sustainable, emerging technology with negligible pollution. More significantly for a research ship, emission levels need to be substantially low to have quality measurements. A feasibility study is carried-out First time in the world, to drive an ice class multi-disciplinary ORV （Oceanography Research Vessel） Sagarnidbi, using hydrogen powered fuel cell. Sagamidhi is equipped with special equipments viz., Deep Sea winch, specially designed cranes for Launching and retrieval of ROV （Remotely Operable Vehicle）, DSMC （Deep Sea Mining Crawler）, Tsunami systems, manned/unmanned submersible and ACS （Autonomous Coring System） and other facilities that support research in Indian, International and Antarctic waters. Beside this, the propulsion system along with DP （Dynamic Positioning）, centralized air conditioning and special equipments require enormous electrical power. The combustion of diesel oil in an engine, that coupled with an alternator generates electrical power required, along with NOx （Nitrous Oxides）, SOx （Sulphur Oxides） and PM （Particulate Matter） emissions. Shipping industry is the fourth largest contributor to air pollution and carbon emissions, particularly in coastal areas, and the growth rate makes the problem even more critical. Stringent international air pollution regulation and increasing fuel price paves the way for an alternative ＂green emission technology＂. Various fuel cells were analyzed with different combination of fuel, electrolyte and electrodes. From the analysis, it has been found that SOFC （Solid Oxide Fuel Cell） is most suitable for the present scenario. A fuel cell designed with hydrogen as fuel, zirconium oxides stabilized with yttrium oxide as electrolyte and zirconium electrodes is used for 1.5 MW power output and 0.5 MW through regenerator. Volume required for storage of hydrogen is in line with volume of fuel and a high standard safety measures were taken using sensors. The present system saves 3000 MT/annum of diesel oil costing 3,000,000 USD approximately.
文摘An electricity generation planning model of the six major Chinese power grids was developed based on the General Algebraic Modeling System to evaluate and analyze the CDM （clean development mechanism）, including consideration of the environmental co-benefits of reductions in air pollutants （SO~, NO~ and particulate matter） achieved by advanced electricity generation technologies incorporating CCS （carbon capture and storage）. An objective function was developed that included revenue from sales of electric power, total system cost, the cost of CO2 transport and storage, and emissions reduction co-benefits for SOx, NO~, and particulate matter. The objective function was minimized using an optimization model. We also developed a method for evaluating and analyzing the potential for transferring advanced power generation technologies into the Chinese power system through the CDM. We found that： （1） thermal power generation is predominant in the Chinese electricity system and will remain so for a long time; （2） advanced thermal plants are being installed as a result of the CDM, which contribute to decreasing emissions of CO2 and other air pollutants; and （3） CCS projects have significant potential to reduce substantial and sustained CO2 emissions from the Chinese power and industrial sectors.
