Phlebiopsis gigantea strains registered in the European Union as biocontrol agents against root rot in forests （four from Great Britain and two from Finland） were compared using Ward＇s method with reference to： （...Phlebiopsis gigantea strains registered in the European Union as biocontrol agents against root rot in forests （four from Great Britain and two from Finland） were compared using Ward＇s method with reference to： （l） similarity of DNA-random amplified microsatellite （RAMS） ladders, （2） cellulase and peroxidase production and （3） acceleration of dry mass wood loss in Norway spruce The activity of the enzymes was tested in the initial phase of wood decay （30 d after inoculation） and indicated as the most active isolates： VFI0 and FCl5 for cellulase and FC16 and VFI0 for peroxidase production. The assessment of loss of wood six months after inoculation indicated isolate FC 15 as the most active. P. gigantea isolates similar in terms of enzyme activity indicated different patterns ofDNA microsatellite loci. At the same time, DNA-RAMS revealed similarities in isolates with different abilities to produce enzymes. However, some similarities and differences between isolates according to wood decay were found. No plain relationships between molecular characteristics and enzyme activity of the strains tested were observed. The results differentiated activity of tested isolates and suggested benefits of selecting P. gigantea strains for commercial use basing mainly on the assessment of wood loss activity.展开更多
Studies have been made, by 15N-tracer technique on nitrogen loss resulting from adding amorphous manganese oxide to NH4+-N medium under anaerobic conditions. The fact that the total nitrogen recovery was decreased and...Studies have been made, by 15N-tracer technique on nitrogen loss resulting from adding amorphous manganese oxide to NH4+-N medium under anaerobic conditions. The fact that the total nitrogen recovery was decreased and that 15NO2, 15N2O, 15N14NO, 15NO, 15N2and 15N14N were emitted has proved that, like amorphous iron oxide, amorphous manganese oxide can also act as an electron acceptor in the oxidation of NH4+-N under anaerobic conditions and give rise to nitrogen loss. This once again illustrates another mechanism by which the loss of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soils is brought about by amorphous iron and manganese oxides. The quantity of nitrogen loss by amorphous manganese oxide increased with an increase in the amount of amorphous manganese oxide added and lessened with time of its aging. The nitrogen loss resulting from amorphous manganese oxide was less than that from amorphous iron oxide. And the nitrogen loss by cooperation of amorphous manganese oxide and microorganisms (soil suspension ) was larger than that by amorphous manganese oxide alone. In the system, nitrogen loss was associated with the specific surface area and oxidation-reduction of amorphous manganese oxide. However, their quantitative relationship and the exact reaction processes of nitrogen loss induced by amorphous manganese oxide remain to be further studied.展开更多
Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental d...Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental data in order to reveal the eco-environmental impacts of efficient irrigation and drainage on rice paddy.The results showed that total methane emission from rice paddy under the controlled irrigation was reduced by more than 80% and total nitrous oxide emission increased by 15.9% compared with flooding irrigation.Seasonal comprehensive global warming potentials(GWP) of methane and nitrous oxide were 62.23 gCO2 m-2 for rice paddy under the controlled irrigation,reduced by 68.0% compared with flooding irrigation.Due to large reduction in seepage and surface drainages,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through leaching were reduced by 40.1% and 54.8%,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through surface drainage were reduced by 53.9% and 51.6% from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage compared with traditional irrigation and drainage.Nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization was reduced by 14.0%.Efficient irrigation and drainage management is helpful to mitigate greenhouse gases emission,nitrogen and phosphorus losses and their pollution on groundwater and surface water.展开更多
Electron beam （e-beam） irradiation is an inev- itable, but crucial issue for electron microscopy. Our investigation results show the e-beam-induced in situ structural transformations in silicon （Si） nanowires and ...Electron beam （e-beam） irradiation is an inev- itable, but crucial issue for electron microscopy. Our investigation results show the e-beam-induced in situ structural transformations in silicon （Si） nanowires and zinc oxide （ZnO） nanowires （NWs）, respectively. Crystal to amorphous structure transition was revealed in Si NWs utilizing high resolution electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Reconstruction at the （1010） surface of ZnO NWs was also observed in the transmission electron microscope （TEM） using aberration-corrected electron microscopy. These e-beam-induced in situ struc- tural transformations prove that the electron beam irradi- ation effect is able to be used for the local modification of one-dimensional nanomaterials.展开更多
文摘Phlebiopsis gigantea strains registered in the European Union as biocontrol agents against root rot in forests （four from Great Britain and two from Finland） were compared using Ward＇s method with reference to： （l） similarity of DNA-random amplified microsatellite （RAMS） ladders, （2） cellulase and peroxidase production and （3） acceleration of dry mass wood loss in Norway spruce The activity of the enzymes was tested in the initial phase of wood decay （30 d after inoculation） and indicated as the most active isolates： VFI0 and FCl5 for cellulase and FC16 and VFI0 for peroxidase production. The assessment of loss of wood six months after inoculation indicated isolate FC 15 as the most active. P. gigantea isolates similar in terms of enzyme activity indicated different patterns ofDNA microsatellite loci. At the same time, DNA-RAMS revealed similarities in isolates with different abilities to produce enzymes. However, some similarities and differences between isolates according to wood decay were found. No plain relationships between molecular characteristics and enzyme activity of the strains tested were observed. The results differentiated activity of tested isolates and suggested benefits of selecting P. gigantea strains for commercial use basing mainly on the assessment of wood loss activity.
文摘Studies have been made, by 15N-tracer technique on nitrogen loss resulting from adding amorphous manganese oxide to NH4+-N medium under anaerobic conditions. The fact that the total nitrogen recovery was decreased and that 15NO2, 15N2O, 15N14NO, 15NO, 15N2and 15N14N were emitted has proved that, like amorphous iron oxide, amorphous manganese oxide can also act as an electron acceptor in the oxidation of NH4+-N under anaerobic conditions and give rise to nitrogen loss. This once again illustrates another mechanism by which the loss of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soils is brought about by amorphous iron and manganese oxides. The quantity of nitrogen loss by amorphous manganese oxide increased with an increase in the amount of amorphous manganese oxide added and lessened with time of its aging. The nitrogen loss resulting from amorphous manganese oxide was less than that from amorphous iron oxide. And the nitrogen loss by cooperation of amorphous manganese oxide and microorganisms (soil suspension ) was larger than that by amorphous manganese oxide alone. In the system, nitrogen loss was associated with the specific surface area and oxidation-reduction of amorphous manganese oxide. However, their quantitative relationship and the exact reaction processes of nitrogen loss induced by amorphous manganese oxide remain to be further studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50839002 and 50809022)the National Key Tech-nologies R & D Program of China during the 11th Fiveyear Plan Period (Grant No 2006BAD11B09)
文摘Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental data in order to reveal the eco-environmental impacts of efficient irrigation and drainage on rice paddy.The results showed that total methane emission from rice paddy under the controlled irrigation was reduced by more than 80% and total nitrous oxide emission increased by 15.9% compared with flooding irrigation.Seasonal comprehensive global warming potentials(GWP) of methane and nitrous oxide were 62.23 gCO2 m-2 for rice paddy under the controlled irrigation,reduced by 68.0% compared with flooding irrigation.Due to large reduction in seepage and surface drainages,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through leaching were reduced by 40.1% and 54.8%,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through surface drainage were reduced by 53.9% and 51.6% from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage compared with traditional irrigation and drainage.Nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization was reduced by 14.0%.Efficient irrigation and drainage management is helpful to mitigate greenhouse gases emission,nitrogen and phosphorus losses and their pollution on groundwater and surface water.
基金supported by the NationalBasic Research Program of China(2009CB623701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11374174,51390471)
文摘Electron beam （e-beam） irradiation is an inev- itable, but crucial issue for electron microscopy. Our investigation results show the e-beam-induced in situ structural transformations in silicon （Si） nanowires and zinc oxide （ZnO） nanowires （NWs）, respectively. Crystal to amorphous structure transition was revealed in Si NWs utilizing high resolution electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Reconstruction at the （1010） surface of ZnO NWs was also observed in the transmission electron microscope （TEM） using aberration-corrected electron microscopy. These e-beam-induced in situ struc- tural transformations prove that the electron beam irradi- ation effect is able to be used for the local modification of one-dimensional nanomaterials.
