基于热重分析的煤真实氧吸附量研究

氧在煤体上的吸附和蓄积是煤自燃的起始阶段和必要条件,对煤吸附氧的研究是煤自燃灾害预防的基础。选取我国不同变质程度的典型煤样,基于热重分析(TGA)开展煤吸附氧的研究,考察煤阶、粒度、氧气浓度等对煤吸附氧过程及氧吸附量的影响。为消除煤中水分对热重分析时氧吸附量的影响,研究中提出“真实氧吸附量”指标。结果表明,1号无烟煤、2号烟煤、3号褐煤的真实氧吸附量分别为3.4%、4.4%、8.2%,即随煤阶变化,煤的真实氧吸附量依次排序为:3号褐煤>2号烟煤>1号无烟煤;随着粒度的增加,中、低阶煤样的煤真实氧吸附量先增大后减小,而无烟煤的氧吸附量变化不明显;当氧气体积分数低于21%时,随氧气浓度增加,煤真实氧吸附量先增大后减小,且无烟煤的最大真实氧吸附量在5%左右、烟煤和褐煤都在10%左右。煤的“真实氧吸附量”指标能显著区分煤样氧吸附量的差异,真实反映煤样吸附氧的规律。

弱还原性烟煤氧吸附及其动力学研究

为掌握弱还原性烟煤在自然环境中的低温氧化规律,预防高温深井煤炭自燃,采用自制的固定床反应器对哈密煤样(HM)和灵武煤样(LW)进行不同载气流量的氧吸附试验,并对其动力学参数进行了拟合计算。研究结果表明,与载气中氧体积分数为25%相比,氧体积分数为15%时,LW和HM煤样氧吸附量明显增大,当温度达到160℃,2种煤样固定床出口氧体积分数分别为7.71%和6.41%。对于HM煤样,随着温度逐渐升高至100℃,煤样中氧吸附量逐渐增大,但此时载气中氧体积分数对煤样中氧含量变化影响较小。与原煤相比,脱灰煤样以及干燥温度较高的煤样比表面积较大,由于HM煤样比表面积大于LW煤样,吸附氧的活性位大于LW煤样,进而导致HM煤样在固定床出口处氧体积分数小于LW煤样。此外,当载气流量降低时,煤样中氧吸附量较大。HM和HM-D脱灰煤样在载气流量为40 m L/min时活化能最小,此时自燃倾向性最大;当载气流量为80 m L/min时,LW和LW-D脱灰煤样活化能最小,且LW-D煤样活化能大于LW煤样。

氧气浓度对褐煤吸附特性的影响研究

煤自燃是威胁矿井安全生产的重大灾害之一,而氧气对于煤自燃的发生及发展具有明显的调控作用,其中煤氧吸附是影响煤自燃反应的关键。因此,选取褐煤为研究对象,分别采用低温氮吸附法和红外光谱法研究了不同氧气浓度下煤孔隙结构参数和官能团的变化规律;采用PCTPro-C80联用试验法研究了氧气浓度对煤的氧吸附量和吸附热的影响。结果表明:煤的比表面积和孔隙体积随氧气浓度的升高整体表现为增大,煤孔隙体积主要以中孔为主;随着氧气浓度的升高,微观上—Ar—CH、—CH_(2)—CH_(3)、—OH等基团含量减少,宏观上煤吸氧量和吸附热整体表现为增多;当氧气浓度为13%时,煤的比表面积、孔隙体积、煤吸氧量和吸附热呈明显降低趋势,且—CH_(2)—CH_(3)基团的含量下降速率最快,下降值为18.11%。

Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Tannic Acid in Aqueous Solution on Polyaniline Adsorbent

Tannic acid is generally considered as one of polyphenolic pollutants, which may cause severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyaniline adsorbent was synthesized by chemical oxidation to remove tannic acid in aqueous solutions. The adsorption amount of tannic acid varied greatly with pH of solution and strong adsorption was at pH 5.8-6.7. Coexisting cations, such as Na＋, K＋, and Ca2＋, can enhance the adsorption of tannic acid on poly- aniline, which may be contributed to the electrostatic interaction between tannic acid and polyaniline. The adsorp- tion process could be well described by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 117.65 rag.g〈 at 35℃and pH 6.0. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption isotherms indicate that the ad- sorption of tannic acid is spontaneous and endothermic process. The polyaniline saturated with tannic acid can be desorbed in alkaline solution and regenerated adsorbent can be used repeatedly with high adsorption capacity, which implies that polyaniline adsorbents have a great potential in water purification for the removal of tannic acid.

Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups

The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) ion adsorption onto AC-T.The modified activated carbon is characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results of batch experiments indicate that the maximal adsorption could be achieved over the broad pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.Adsorption isotherms and kinetic study suggest that the sorption of Cd(Ⅱ) onto AC-T produces monolayer coverage and that adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption.And the adsorbent has a good reusability.According to the FT-IR and XPS analyses,electrostatic attraction and cation exchange between Cd(Ⅱ) and oxygen-containing functional groups on AC-T are dominant mechanisms for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.

Sorption and Diffusion Behavior of Carbon Dioxide into Poly（l-lactic acid） Films at Elevated Pressures

Equilibrium sorption amount, desorption diffusion coefficients and sorption diffusion coefficients of CO2 in poly（l-lactic acid） （PLLA） films at elevated pressures were determined by the gravimetric method, in which the Fick＇s diffusion model was applied to analyze both the desorption and sorption processes. The equilibrium sorption amount of CO2 in PLLA increased with lowering temperature and elevating pressure at the temperature range from 40 to 60 ℃ and pressure from 10^4 to 2x10^4 kPa. Desorption diffusion coefficients were greatly influenced by the equilibrium sorption amount, and they were in the same order of magnitude as the sorption diffusion coefficients. The scan electron microscope （SEM） photos demonstrated that there was no foaming phenomenon of the PLLA film during desorption and sorption processes. The XRD spectra implied that the crystalline degree of PLLA film decreased after CO2 processing. It was concluded that PLLA polymer could be well swollen and plasticized by supercritical CO2.

Graphene oxides for simultaneous highly efficient removal of trace level radionuclides from aqueous solutions

Graphene oxides(GOs) were synthesized via modified Hummers method, and were applied as adsorbents to remove radionuclides from large volumes of aqueous solutions. The single and competitive sorption of four radionuclides(i.e., U(VI), 152+154Eu(III), 85+89Sr(II) and 134Cs(I)) on the GOs from aqueous solutions were investigated as a function of p H, ionic strength and radionuclide initial concentrations using batch technique. The results showed that the GOs had much higher sorption capacity than many other contemporary materials, for the preconcentration of radionuclides from large volumes of aqueous solutions. The sorption of radionuclides on GOs obeyed the Langmuir model, and was mainly attributed to surface complexation via the coordination of radionuclides with the oxygen-containing functional groups on GO surfaces. The competitive sorption results indicated that the selectivity sorption capacities were U(VI)>Eu(III)>Sr(II)>Cs(I). The GOs are suitable materials for the efficient removal and preconcentration of radionuclides from aqueous solutions in nuclear waste management and environmental pollution cleanup.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone:Removal,mass balance and source analysis

Increased attention has been given to the fate of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) introduced to the wastewater treatment plants.Dissolved and adsorbed PAHs were detected in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone in Zhejiang Province,China.The most abundant PAHs were the low molecular weight PAHs (e.g.,Acy,Ace,Flu and Phe),accounting for more than 80% of the total 16 PAHs in each treatment stage.Phase partitioning suggested that the removal of PAHs in every treatment stage was influenced greater by the sorption of particles or microorganisms.The removal efficiencies of individual PAHs ranged between 4% and 87% in the primary sedimentation stage,between 1% and 42% in anaerobic hydrolysis stage,between <1% and 70% in aerobic bio-process stage,between 1.5% and 80% in high-density clarifier stage,and between 44% and 97% in the whole treatment process.Mass balance calculations in primary stage showed significant losses for low molecular weight PAHs and relatively good agreements for high molecular weight PAHs as well as in anaerobic hydrolysis,high-density clarifier stage and sludge stream for most PAHs.Great gains of 60%-150% were obtained for high molecular weight PAHs in aerobic bio-process stage due to biosorption and bioaccumulation.Our investigations found that PAHs entering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) could be derived from the dyeing chemical processes as the byproducts,and the contribution supported by the largest dyeing chemical group was up to 48%.