中澳贸易增长带来的粘土矿物研究与开发的新机遇(英文)

强劲的中澳贸易,以及中国企业在开发利用澳大利亚矿产资源方面日益增长的投资,给双方带来了共同需要或相互合作研究开发矿物产品的新机遇,将有力地推动相关行业的发展。南澳大利亚州是一个重要的铜、铀、锆石和葡萄酒等生产中心,并有大量尚待开发的磁铁矿资源。粘土矿物研究将可能由此直接受益。开发当地粘土矿物用于细粒铁矿石造球,需要研究评估粘土矿物的适用性并深入挖掘粘土矿物提高高炉效率的潜能。粘土纳米复合材料的阻隔氧气渗透性的独特优点,可用于开发盛装葡萄酒的多层复合PET容器,有利于快速促进中澳葡萄酒贸易,具有环境和经济等多重效益。这些研究开发将有助于扩大中国粘土生产企业的市场,也有助于提高南澳铁矿球团等原产品质量以更好地满足中国工业的要求。

Ceramic Supported PDMS and PEGDA Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation

Composite membranes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their potential applications for CO2 separation. In this work, ceramic supported polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and poly （ethylene glycol） diacrylate （PEGDA） composite membranes were prepared. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the compos- ite membranes were characterized. Preparation conditions were systematically optimized. The gas separation performance of the as-prepared membranes was studied by pure gas and binary gas permeation measurement of CO〉 N2 and H〉 Experiments showed that PDMS, as silicone rubber, exhibited larger permeance and lower separation factors. Conversely, PEGDA composite membrane presented smaller gas permeance but higher ideal selectivity for CO2/N2. Compared to the performance of those membranes using polymeric supports or freestanding membranes, the two kinds of ceramic supported composite membranes exhibited higher gas permeance and acceptable selectivity. Therefore, the ceramic supported composite membrane can be expected as a candidate for CO2 separation from light gases.

Mechanism of CO_2 enhanced CBM recovery in China: a review

Permeability of coal reservoirs in China is in general low. Injection of CO2 into coal seams is one of the potential ap-proaches for enhancing coalbed methane (CBM) production. The feasibility of this technology has been investigated in China since the 1990s. Advances in mechanism of CO2 enhanced CBM recovery (CO2-ECBM) in China are reviewed in light of certain aspects, such as the competitive multi-component gas adsorption, sorption-induced coal swelling/shrinkage and its potential effect on CBM production and numerical simulation for CO2-ECBM recovery. Newer investigations for improving the technology are discussed. It is suggested that a comprehensive feasibility demonstration in terms of geology, technology, economics and environment-carrying capacity is necessary for a successful application of the technology for CBM recovery in China. The demonstration should be car-ried out after more investigations into such facets as the control of coal components and structure to a competitive multi-component-gas adsorption, the behavior and essence of super-critical adsorption by coal of gas, environmental and safe feasi-bility of coal mining after CO2 injection and more extensive pilot tests for CO2-ECBM recovery.

Non-invasive ventilation improves hemorheology status in hypoxemic patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI

Background Hypoxemia sometimes occurs in the emergency room in the patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, even in those with administration of conventional high-flow oxygen inhalation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation （NIV） in improving blood oxygen content and hemorheology in patients with AMI and hypoxemia. Methods This prospective study enrolled 50 consecutive eligible patients with AMI （aged 72.3 ± 9.5 years）, who had undergone PCI and been administered high-flow oxygen but still had hypoxemia. Blood was taken before NIV and at 0.5, 1, and 2 h after NIV. Blood gases, hemorheological variables including erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, membrane fluidity, and oxidative stress level were measured. Results Blood PaO2 increased to normal by 1 h after NIV. Assessed hemorheological variables had all improved and plasma malondialdehyde concentration decreased significantly after 2 h of NIV. Conclusions Our data suggest that NIV can help to improve blood oxygen content, hemorheological status, and minimize plasma lipid peroxidation injury in hypoxemic patients with AMI who have undergone PCI.

Permeability and Selectivity of Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide in Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes

Permeabilities and selectivities of gases such as carbon dioxide （CO2）, sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen （N2） and methane （CH4） in six imidazolium-based ionic liquids （[emim][BF4], [bmim][BF4], [bmim][PF6], [banim][BF4], [bmim][Tf2N] and [emim][CF3SO3]） supported on polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes are investigated in a single gas feed system using nitrogen as the environment and reference component at temperature from 25 to 45℃ and pressure of N2 from 100 to 400 kPa. It is found that SO2 has the highest permeability in the tested supported ionic liquid membranes, being an order of magnitude higher than that of CO2, and about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than those of N2 and CH4. The observed selectivity of SO2 over the two ordinary gas components is also striking. It is shown experimentally that the dissolution and transport of gas components in the supported ionic liquid membranes, as well as the nature of ionic liquids play important roles in the gas permeation. A nonlinear increase of permeation rate with temperature and operation pressure is also observed for all sample gases. By considering the factors that influence the permeabilities and selectivities of CO2 and SO2, it is expected to develop an optimal supported ionic liquid membrane technology for the isolation of acidic gases in the near future.

Operational Model for Evaluating the Permeation of Mixed Gas Through Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Membrane

An operational model is developed to evaluate and predict the permeation performance of mixed gas through poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membranes by combining the ideal gas permeation model with the ex-perimental analysis of the mixed gas transport character. This model is tested using the binary and ternary mixed gas with various compositions through the PDMS membranes, and the predicted data of the permeation flux and the compositions of the permeated gas are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which indicates that the op-erational model is applicable for the evaluation of the permeation performance of mixed gas through PDMS mem-branes.

A hybrid zeolitic imidazolate framework Co-IM-mIM membrane for gas separation

A zeolitic imidazolate hybrid membrane(Co-IM-mIM) containing two imidazolate ligands deposited on a macroporous α-alumina support was prepared by pre-depositing and secondary growth technique. XRD, TGA and SEM characterizations demonstrate that a stable and thin, but dense and pure-phase Co-IM-mIM membrane can be obtained on the macroporous-alumina discs in Teflon-lined autoclave at 120 °C after pre-depositing by dip-coating at room temperature. No visible cracks, pinholes or other defects were observed on the membrane layer. The gas separation studies of Co-IM-mIM membrane were carried out at 25 °C and 1×10~5 Pa, showing ideal selectivity of 6.95, 5.25, 3.40 for H_2/CO_2, H_2/N_2 and H_2/CH_4, respectively, and a permeance of 17.37× 10^(-6) mol/(m^2·s·Pa) for H_2. The influence of temperature and trans-membrane pressure on hydrogen separation and permeation was also carried out. The gas permeation and selectivity demonstrate that this membrane may have potential applications for efficient H_2 separation.

不同湿度环境下内养护混凝土气体传输性能试验研究

采用预湿轻骨料作为内养护材料代替普通粗、细骨料拌制混凝土,既可以缓解混凝土早期自收缩和开裂的问题,又能减轻混凝土的自重。然而,预湿轻骨料的内养护效率受混凝土自身水胶比和外界养护环境的影响较大。开展了不同水胶比、不同湿度环境(饱和石灰水养护、喷雾养护、密封养护以及干燥养护)下普通混凝土及内养护混凝土氧气扩散和渗透性能试验。从混凝土的骨料界面过渡区结构、内部相对湿度、水化程度、混凝土孔隙率和孔隙迂曲度等方面,研究了水胶比、养护环境以及内养护材料对混凝土气体传输性能的影响,分析了不同养护环境下轻骨料的内养护效率,以及不同湿度养护条件下混凝土中气体的传输机制。结果表明:高水胶比混凝土的氧气扩散系数及渗透系数均显著高于低水胶比混凝土的;预湿轻骨料的掺入降低了混凝土的氧气扩散性能,提高了其氧气渗透性能;随着养护环境湿度的减小,混凝土的氧气扩散系数和渗透系数增加;预湿轻骨料在低水胶比、密封养护条件下内养护效率较高。