A kind of ruthenium oxide with smaller particles and higher porosity was prepared by a sol-gel process with RuCl3·xH2O and NaHCO3 solution. Several details concerning this new material, including crystal structur...A kind of ruthenium oxide with smaller particles and higher porosity was prepared by a sol-gel process with RuCl3·xH2O and NaHCO3 solution. Several details concerning this new material, including crystal structure, particle size as functions of the temperature, and electrochemical properties were also reported. The optimal annealing temperature was 210 ℃ and the powder annealed at this temperature had a rate capacitance of 541 F/g. In addition, the rate capacitance of the composite electrode reached 802 F/g after 10% carbon black was added, much higher than any previously reported value. High energy density supercapacitors were built with the newly discovered electrode material. Energy densities as high as 67 J/g were obtained based on the RuO2·xH2O alone. By introducing the highly porous carbon black into the electrode, energy densities great than 100 J/g could be achieved. The power density of the capacitor was enhanced significantly.展开更多
The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numer...The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numerical study on the use of a methane flame to produce acetylene.A lab scale partial oxidation reactor was used to produce ultra fuel-rich premixed jet flames.The axial temperature and species concentration profiles were measured for different equivalence ratios and preheating temperatures,and these were compared to numerical results from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations that used the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Probability Density Function(RANS-PDF)approach coupled with detailed chemical mechanisms.The Leeds 1.5,GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms were used to investigate the effect of the detailed chemical mechanisms.The effects of equivalence ratio and preheating temperature on acetylene production were experimentally and numerically studied.The experimental validations indicated that the present numerical simulation provided reliable prediction on the partial oxidation of methane.Using this simulation method the optimal equivalence ratio for acetylene production was determined to be 3.6.Increasing preheating temperature improved acetylene production and shortened greatly the ignition delay time.So the increase of preheating temperature had to be limited to avoid uncontrolled ignition in the mixing chamber and the pyrolysis of methane in the preheater.展开更多
文摘A kind of ruthenium oxide with smaller particles and higher porosity was prepared by a sol-gel process with RuCl3·xH2O and NaHCO3 solution. Several details concerning this new material, including crystal structure, particle size as functions of the temperature, and electrochemical properties were also reported. The optimal annealing temperature was 210 ℃ and the powder annealed at this temperature had a rate capacitance of 541 F/g. In addition, the rate capacitance of the composite electrode reached 802 F/g after 10% carbon black was added, much higher than any previously reported value. High energy density supercapacitors were built with the newly discovered electrode material. Energy densities as high as 67 J/g were obtained based on the RuO2·xH2O alone. By introducing the highly porous carbon black into the electrode, energy densities great than 100 J/g could be achieved. The power density of the capacitor was enhanced significantly.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976090)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(200757)
文摘The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numerical study on the use of a methane flame to produce acetylene.A lab scale partial oxidation reactor was used to produce ultra fuel-rich premixed jet flames.The axial temperature and species concentration profiles were measured for different equivalence ratios and preheating temperatures,and these were compared to numerical results from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations that used the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Probability Density Function(RANS-PDF)approach coupled with detailed chemical mechanisms.The Leeds 1.5,GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms were used to investigate the effect of the detailed chemical mechanisms.The effects of equivalence ratio and preheating temperature on acetylene production were experimentally and numerically studied.The experimental validations indicated that the present numerical simulation provided reliable prediction on the partial oxidation of methane.Using this simulation method the optimal equivalence ratio for acetylene production was determined to be 3.6.Increasing preheating temperature improved acetylene production and shortened greatly the ignition delay time.So the increase of preheating temperature had to be limited to avoid uncontrolled ignition in the mixing chamber and the pyrolysis of methane in the preheater.
