色谱-氨化学电离质谱法分析催化裂化柴油中非碱性氮化物

利用色谱-氨化学电离质谱法直接分析催化裂化柴油中的非碱性含氮化合物;实验考察了离子源压力、温度及电子能量等因素对仪器灵敏度及选择性的影响,结果表明离子源压力是影响分析结果的主要因素,在合适的离子源压力下,氮化物的选择性提高103以上;通过质量色谱图对催化裂化柴油中的氮化物进行了定性定量分析,大港催化裂化柴油中的非碱性氮化合物主要由C0-C4吲哚和C0-C4咔唑组成,确定了26个非碱性氮化物结构;用N＿苯基咔唑作为内标物,测得C0-C4吲哚含量为1811.94μg·g-1,C0-C4咔唑含量为5399.97μg·g-1。

无氨化学镍工艺及其应用

介绍了用于塑料电镀的无氨化学镍的特点、组成及操作参数,并对实际生产中出现的问题进行了分析,提出相应的解决方法。与传统化学镍相比,该无氨化学镍增加了无铅稳定剂、pH调整剂和抗菌剂,综合成本相当,可替代传统化学镍工艺,用于大规模生产。

无氨化学法制镜

目前,大多数制镜工艺仍然采用硝酸银氨水溶液,该法虽然简便,但氨水对操作人员身体有毒,且污染环境。近年来,国外发明一种无氨制镜法,可消除上述弊端。现将其配方及工艺简介如下: 一、配方 A液:称取2.5克葡萄糖和2.5克果糖,溶于50毫升蒸馏水中,加入0.6克酒石酸煮沸,冷却后,加入10毫升酒精,并用蒸馏水稀释至100毫升。

热再生氨化学电池的实验研究及热力学分析

热再生化学电池是一种利用低品位热能的新型途径,其中,热再生氨化学电池（TRAB）具有能量密度高的优势。为了提高电池容量,本文对电解液含0.1~3.5 mol/L Cu（NO3）2的TRAB进行了实验与理论研究。在常压、293.15~323.15 K温度范围内,实验测得TRAB阳极对Cu（NH3）4^（2＋）/Cu的温度系数为-0.879 mV/K,与理论计算值相差6.14%。进而对一个TRAB基本循环进行热力学分析,研究TRAB工作温度和再生温度的影响。当TRAB工作温度从293.15 K升至323.15 K时,放电效率从50.77%提高至54.91%;当再生温度为373.09 K、环境温度为303.15 K时,发电效率为0.49%,相应的循环热力学完善度为5.51%。

Study on Piggery Anaerobic Fermentation Slurry Treated by Anoxic/Oxic Process

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a fast, stable and efficient piggery wastewater processing technology. [Method] The start-up process was studied through the experiment of piggery anaerobic fermentation slurry treated by Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） reactor. The process was divided into two stages： at the first stage, dominant micro flora were cultivated in Anoxic and Oxic reaction tanks respectively; at the second stage. Anoxic and Oxic reaction tanks were initiated jointly to gradually enhance water load and continued to cultivate and domesticate microorganisms, and finally the start-up process was completed. [ Result] The results showed that return mixture ratio and return sludge ratio was 2 and 1 respectively when the temperature reached 32 ±2 ℃. However. when aeration rate of Oxic reaction amounted to 0.5 m^3/h, the re- moval rate of COD and NH4^＋ -H were 89.87% and 89.31% respectively through practical operation within 50 days, which indicated that the start- up process through A/O reactor was successful. Conclusion This study can provide a scientific basis and reference for innocuous technique of piggery anaerobic fermentation slurry treatment.

IMMOBILIZED ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE CELLS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES

Aminoacylase was immobilized on the mycelium cells of Aspergillus oryzae by using ethylenediamine, gelatin and glutylalhyde. The proper immobilized condition was studied by orthogonal experimental design. The immobilized cells with excellent activity and stability for optically resoluting N acetyl DL alanine were obtained. The effects of pH, temperature, ion concentration and substrate concentration on the reactive activity of immobilized cells were studied. The continuous optical resolution of N acetyl DL alanine was investigated respectively in an immobilized cells column (ICC) and in a novel couple immobilized cells bed & membrane reactor(CICBMR). The results indicate that the immobilized cells are suitable for industrial applications.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption for heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions onto surface amino-bacterial cellulose

Amino-bacterial cellulose（amino-BC） was prepared by chemical modification of bacterial cellulose（BC）.The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of amino-BC were studied.The results show that adsorption data can be fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics,indicating that the adsorption of amino-BC would obey monolayer molecule adsorption and the main action was chemisorption.Meanwhile,the adsorption process was studied by the Elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model,indicating that the absorption characteristics of metal ions on amino-BC is controlled by both film diffusion and particle diffusion.The increase of reaction temperature will accelerate the adsorbing rate because of endothermic reaction.

~1H and ^(13)C NMR Assignments for Amlodipine and Risperidone

Aim To investigate the NMR spectroscopy of amlodipine and risperidone.Methods 1D NMR and 2D NMR experimental techniques of gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were wsed. Results Theassignments of the ~1H and ^(13) C NMR data for the two drugs were performed and confirmed by theevidence of J_(HF) and J_(CF). Conclusion The structures of amlodipine and risperidone wereconfirmed by careful analysis of regular 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

Leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore containing calcium-magnesium carbonate in ammonia-ammonium sulfate solution with persulfate

The leaching kinetics of copper from low-grade copper ore was investigated in ammonia-ammonium sulfate solution with sodium persulfate. The effect parameters of stirring speed, temperature, particle size, concentrations of ammonia, ammonium sulfate and sodium persulfate were determined. The results show that the leaching rate is nearly independent of agitation above 300 r/min and increases with the increase of temperature, concentrations of ammonia, ammonium sulfate and sodium persulfate. The EDS analysis and phase quantitative analysis of the residues indicate that bornite can be dissolved by persulfate oxidization. The leaching kinetics with activation energy of 22.91 kJ/mol was analyzed by using a new shrinking core model （SCM） in which both the interfacial transfer and diffusion across the product layer affect the leaching rate. A semi-empirical rate equation was obtained to describe the leaching process and the empirical reaction orders with respect to the concentrations of ammonia, ammonium sulfate and sodium persulfate are 0.5, 1.2 and 0.5, respectively.

Advances in Toxicology of Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine(CML)

Advanced glycation end-products （AGEs） are products of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids and other macromolecules. To be spe- cific, Nε-（carboxymethyl）-Iysine （CML） is one of the most important components of AGEs, which is wildly distributed in the body and can be formed in vivo or in food processing and heating processes. Previous studies have shown that CML is a ma- jor immunological epitope in AGEs and plays an important role in diabetes and its complications, as well as in the development and progression of aging. This review summarized recent advances in major source, toxicological hazard and control mea- sures of CML.

XAFS Study of Coordination Structure of Cu（L-His）2 in Solution

Multiple coordination modes are present copper coordination environment varies in the CuII-histidine complex in solution and the with pH. In this work, we have investigated the coordination geometry of Cu（His）2 complex using X-ray absorption fine structure （XAFS） analysis. Copper K-edge XAFS spectra were acquired on aqueous Cu2＋ samples with his- tidine at different pH values. The coordination environments were further confirmed by chemically modified histidine. Results show that the caboxylate groups coordinate at acidic condition, while amino and imidazole nitrogens get coordinated at higher pH. For the co- ordination geometry of Cu（His）2 in solution at physiological pH, the sixfold coordination is preferentially formed, while the fivefold coordination can co-exist in equilibrium.

Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoblocks with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution

The oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） is traditionally performed using noble‐metals catalysts, e.g. Pt. However, these metal‐based catalysts have the drawbacks of high costs, low selectivity, poor stabili‐ties, and detrimental environmental effects. Here, we describe metal‐free nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoblocks （NCNBs） with high nitrogen contents （4.11%）, which have good electrocatalytic proper‐ties for ORRs. This material was fabricated using a scalable, one‐step process involving the pyrolysis of tris（hydroxymethyl）aminomethane （Tris） at 800℃. Rotating ring disk electrode measurements show that the NCNBs give a high electrocatalytic performance and have good stability in ORRs. The onset potential of the catalyst for the ORR is-0.05 V （vs Ag/AgCl）, the ORR reduction peak potential is-0.20 V （vs Ag/AgCl）, and the electron transfer number is 3.4. The NCNBs showed pronounced electrocatalytic activity, improved long‐term stability, and better tolerance of the methanol crosso‐ver effect compared with a commercial 20 wt%Pt/C catalyst. The composition and structure of, and nitrogen species in, the NCNBs were investigated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The pyroly‐sis of Tris at high temperature increases the number of active nitrogen sites, especially pyridinic nitrogen, which creates a net positive charge on adjacent carbon atoms, and the high positive charge promotes oxygen adsorption and reduction. The results show that NCNBs prepared by pyrolysis of Tris as nitrogen and carbon sources are a promising ORR catalyst for fuel cells.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Kinetics of Ammonia Oxidative Decomposition over the Commercial Propylene Ammoxidation Catalyst (Mo-Bi)

Monte Carlo method is applied to investigate the kinetics of ammonia oxidative decomposition over the commercial propylene ammoxidation catalyst(Mo-Bi). The simulation is quite in agreement with experimental results. Monte Carlo simulation proves that the process of ammonia oxidation decomposition is a two-step reaction.

Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas

AIM： To study the relationship between particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein （PINCH） expression and clinicopathological factors in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. METHODS： The expression of PINCH was examined by immumohistochemistry in 141 samples of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and 92 normal samples of colorectal mucosa. Eighty of the cases had both primary tumour and normal mucosa from the same patients. RESULTS： PINCH was expressed in the stroma of normal mucosa and tumours. PINCH expression in tumourassociated stroma was increased compared to normal mucosa in both unmatched cases （n = 141, x^2 = 85.79, df = 3, P〈 0.0001） and matched cases （n =80, x^2= 45.86, df= 3, P〈 0.0001）. Among 135 tumours with visible invasive margin, 86 （64%） showed stronger PINCH expression at the invasive margin than in the intratumoural stroma. The frequency of PINCH strong expression in mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas was higher （52%） compared to non-mucinous carcinomas （29%, x^2=5.13, P= 0.02）. We did not find that PINCH expres- sion was related to patient＇s gender, age, tumour location, tumour size, gross status, histological type, differentiation, invasion depth, lymph node status and Dukes＇ stage （P 〉 0.05）.CONCLUSION： The expression of PINCH was upregulated in colorectal cancers, and especially at the margin of tumours, and further was related to mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas. The results suggest that expression of PINCH may be involved in the tumourigenesis and aggressiveness of colorectal cancers.

Characterization of acylated homoserine lactone derivatives and their influence on biofilms of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY-3 under arsenic stress

Quorum sensing is one kind of cell-to-cell signalling system among microorganisms that works in response to their population density via autoinducers exemplified by AHL and oligopeptides. In this study, fourteen AHL derivatives were synthesised by a chemical synthesis method, and two types of AHL derivatives were measured and screened by crystal violet staining assay, which have more obvious inhibitory effects on A. ferrooxidans biofilms under arsenic environment. Their structures were verified through IR and NMR identification. The morphological changes of A. ferrooxidans under the influence of the AHL derivatives were compared. In addition, the effects of AHL derivatives(0.1 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL) on membrane formation of A. ferrooxidans under high concentration of arsenic resistance(1,600 mg/L) were explored. Solid experimental data firstly showed that a portion of logarithmic microorganisms were ruptured under the effect of high arsenic concentration. Secondly, the volume of the cell shrank and the number of extracellular polymeric substances decreased after the addition of the AHL derivatives at high concentrations. Therefore, we found here that two derivatives used at concentrations of 0.1 μg/mL and 1 μg/m L accompanied with high concentration of arsenic can both effectively restrict biofilms formation by A. ferrooxidans.

Spatial and seasonal patterns of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in North China

As one of the regions with intensive agriculture and rapid economic development in China,North China also has a high nitrogen(N)deposition.This study characterized the spatial pattern of N deposition in North China,combining the tropospheric columns from satellite measurements and the simulated profiles from an atmospheric chemistry transport model.The total N deposition fluxes ranged from 16.3 to 106.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1,with an average of 54.5±17.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1.The high values were concentrated in urban and farmland areas,while low values were found in forests and grasslands with less human activities.Of the total N deposition,36%was deposited via precipitation,12%was deposited through dry particulate deposition,and the remaining 52%was comprised of dry gaseous deposition.For the seasonal variation of dry deposition,gaseous HNO3 and particulate NO3−were higher in winter and autumn,but lower in spring and summer.In contrast,gaseous NH3 and particulate NH4+were higher in spring and summer,but lower in winter and autumn.This is possibly caused by the seasonal differences in emission intensity between NOx and NH3 emission sources.The gaseous NO2 deposition did not show strong seasonal variation.The wet deposition was mainly affected by precipitation,with high values in summer and low values in winter.This research provides an objective spatial perspective and insight into the total N deposition in North China.

Synthesis and size control of copper nanoparticles and their catalytic application

The synthesis and catalytic properties of copper nanoparticles（Cunps） were reported using L-ascorbic acid as reducing and capping agent in aqueous medium. The effect of different concentrations of L-ascorbic acid on the particle size of Cunps was investigated. The synthesized Cunps were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectrophotometer. The result indicates that the size of copper nanoparticles decreases with the increase in concentration of L-ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid plays an important role to protect the copper nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration which helps nanoparticles to get better stability for the application. The synthesized Cunps show excellent catalytic activity in the oxidation of serine（Ser） by peroxomonosulphate（PMS）. The catalytic activity of Cunps increases with the decrease in size of Cunps. The Cunps are expected to be suitable alternative and play an imperative role in the fields of catalysis and environmental remediation.

Curing and mechanical property of single-componentpolyurethane porous elastic mixture

The viscosity-time curve of a single-component polyurethane(PU)was examined to determine the mixing and compacting temperatures of its mixture and investigate the curing and mechanical properties of single-component PU porous elastic mixture(PPEM).The curing properties of the single-component PU and PPEM were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and Marshall test.The mechanical properties of PPEM were explored via the following tests:rutting test,3-point bending test,soaked Marshall stability test,freeze-thaw splitting test,and Cantabro test.The effects of a water bath on the stability of aggregate-PU/asphalt mortar-aggregate systems were evaluated through a pull-out test and a shear test.The results show that the recommended mixing temperatures of toluene diisocyanate and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate range from 75 to 80℃and from 64 to 68℃,respectively.Room temperature(25℃)can be adopted as the compacting temperature of PPEM.PPEM can be fully cured in 4 d.Nevertheless,the water sprinkle method can obviously shorten the full curing time of PPEM.PPEM exhibites good resistance to rutting,brittle cracking,and raveling.The adhesive and shear strength of aggregate-PU/asphalt mortar-aggregate systems are negatively related to water bath duration.

Molecular physiology of vesicular glutamate transporters in the digestive system

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptake systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force. Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) have been recently identified from neuronal tissue where they play a key role to maintain the vesicular glutamate level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that glutamate signaling is also functional in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and occurs in sites of pituitary, adrenal, pineal glands, bone, GI tract, pancreas,skin, and testis. The glutamate receptors and VGLUTs in digestivesystem have been found in both neuronal and endocrinal cells. The glutamate signaling in the digestive system may have significant relevance to diabetes and GI tract motility disorders. This review will focus on the most recent update of molecular physiology of digestive VGLUTs.

Performance of a high-rate anammox reactor under high hydraulic loadings: Physicochemical properties, microbial structure and process kinetics

In this study, a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor was applied to studying the high-rate nitrogen removal of granule-based anammox process. The nitrogen removal rate(NRR) finally improved to 15.77 kg/m3/d by shortening hydraulic retention time(HRT) to 1.06 h. Well-shaped red anammox granules were extensively enriched inside the reactor. The results of nitrogen removal kinetics indicated that the present bioreactor has great nitrogen removal potential, because the maximum rate of substrate utilization(Umax) predicted by Stover-Kincannon model is suggested as 55.68 kg/(m3·d). Analysis of the microbial community showed that the anammox genus Candidatus Kuenenia dominated the bacterial communities. The relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia rose from 12.29% to 36.95% after progressively shorter HRT and higher influent substrate concentrations, illustrating the stability of nitrogen removal performance and biomass enrichment offered by the UASB in carrying out high-rate anammox process.