玉米秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究玉米秸秆及调控碳氮比后施用对烤烟产量、产值及上、中、下部烟叶氮、磷、钾含量及累积吸收量的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆调控碳氮比后施用可显著提高烟叶产量、产值;同时促进烟叶氮、钾吸收,尤其是利用油枯、苕子等高氮生物质材料与玉米秸秆进行调节碳氮比后施用效果更好;与玉米秸秆单独施用相比,玉米秸秆+苕子、玉米秸秆+油枯、玉米秸秆+尿素进行调控碳氮比后施用,烟叶产量分别提高11.53%、9.49%、3.73%,烟叶氮含量分别增加12.95%、4.80%、7.76%,氮总累积量分别增加26.15%、15.02%、11.79%,烟叶钾含量分别增加4.11%、5.24%、7.79%,钾总累积量分别增加16.10%、15.23%、11.81%;但是,烟叶对磷的吸收却有一定程度降低,玉米秸秆单独施用导致烟叶产量、产值及养分吸收降低;因此,在烤烟生产中施用高碳氮比玉米秸秆,既要注意补充氮素来调节碳氮比,也要考虑补充磷素。

马铃薯对氮磷钾的吸收及分配规律研究进展

本文分析了氮、磷、钾对马铃薯的生理作用,探讨了马铃薯对氮、磷、钾元素的吸收和分配规律,希望能为广大读者提供一些参考意见。

减施肥料配施根际促生菌对大豆-玉米间作根际土壤与作物生长的影响

【目的】探明低氮磷肥料配施促生菌PGPR对土壤微生物环境与间作大豆生长的影响机制,为推动化肥减施增效和绿色农业发展提供参考。【方法】通过接种根瘤菌属菌株R325-3(Rhizobium sophorae)与菌株R287-5嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)的组合菌剂,研究大豆单作、玉米单作、大豆-玉米间作不同种植模式和无菌剂(NM)、复合菌剂(M)不同处理方式,对植株的株高、叶长、根长、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及地上生物量与土壤酶活的影响。【结果】低氮磷条件下大豆单作地上干物质产量处理4(大豆单作+复合菌)显著高于处理1(大豆单作,未施加复合菌);间作处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)的地上生物产量极显著高于处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)。处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)与处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)相比,大豆植株的株高极显著增高;玉米植株的株高、叶长显著提高,植株磷含量极显著增高。大豆根际土壤脲酶活性处理4(大豆单作+复合菌)极显著高于处理1(大豆单作,未施加复合菌),同时极显著降低硝酸还原酶活性;玉米根际土壤中蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性玉米单作+复合菌组极显著提高。处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)根际土壤蛋白酶活性极显著高于处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌),脲酶活性降低极显著。大豆根际土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量间作极显著高于单作处理,而土壤中NO_(3)^(-)-N的含量相反,处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N∶NH_(4)^(+)-N为4.76∶1,处理6土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N∶NH_(4)^(+)-N为3.58∶1,促生菌缩小了NO_(3)^(-)-N和NH_(4)^(+)-N在大豆-玉米间作土壤中的差距。【结论】低氮磷条件下,接种促生菌剂可优化间作大豆在群体中的空间分布,提高系统干物质产量,增加土壤中蛋白酶、脲酶活性及NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量,降低硝酸还原酶活性,减少NO_(3)^(-)-N的含量,改善土壤微环境。

Effects of Regulation of C/N Ratio Wheat Straw Application on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Tobacco

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.

Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer and Balanced Fertilization on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Peppers

Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.

Study on Absorption Law of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium and Proper Nitrogen Application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under No-tillage Cultivation

The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N, P and K, and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage, thirdly the tillefing stage ; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage ; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage, during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently, N fertilizer should be applied earlier （ before jointing stage）, P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm^2, the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm^2.

Effects of N, P and K on Output and Nutrient Cycle of Vegetables in Greenhouses

ObjectiveThe aim was to increase farmers’ income and reduce the waste of fertilizer by exploring effects of N, P and K fertilizations on vegetable yields and the accumulation of N, P and K in vegetable and soils. MethodThe fertilization tests were conducted on tomato, cauliflower and celery in greenhouses. ResultWhen N, P and K were not applied in tomato, cauliflower or celery, the yields reduced in 6.0%-13.8% and total annual income reduced by 39 220, 36 902 and 22 023 yuan/hm 2 respectively, suggesting that N, P and K are limiting factors of yield. The absorbed N amounts of tomato and cauliflower were higher compared with celery; the absorbed P amount of cauliflower was higher compared with tomato and celery; the absorbed K amount of tomato was the highest, followed by celery and cauliflower. The absorbed N in tomato fruit was lower than that of cauliflower and the absorbed N amount of other parts of tomato was also lower. Furthermore, the absorbed amounts of P and K by tomato and cauliflower fruits were higher than it absorbed by the other parts, especially the absorbed of K was significantly high. Total absorbed amounts of N, P and K from high to low were cauliflower, tomato and celery. After harvesting of tomato, cauliflower and celery, N, P and K in soils were all higher compared with soils before planting. Influenced by fertilizers, residual N content in soils grown with tomato and residual P content in soils grown with celery both doubled compared with base soils. Cauliflower plants were not applied with organic fertilizer, and residual N and K contents in soils were lower compared with tomato and celery. ConclusionResidual P content in soils is higher, which is a kind of waste and would cause pollution on soils. It is necessary to improve the proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers in fertilization.