不同氮磷钾配比复合肥对卡特兰碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

研究了不同氮磷钾配比的复合肥对卡特兰叶片及其假球茎生理特性的影响。结果表明,卡特兰叶片及其假球茎都是贮存水分和养分的重要器官。卡特兰生长前期用氮、磷、钾比例为20-10-20的肥料,有利于碳水化合物及可溶性蛋白的积累,促进营养生长;生长后期用氮、磷、钾比例为9-45-15的肥料有助于提高植株中C/N比,为花器官形成提供充足的养分,促进花芽分化。

Responses of Seed Yield and Economic Benefit of Winter Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.) to Different NPK Ratio and Dose

Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2010 to investigate the ef- fects of NPK fertilization on seed yield and economic benefit of a new hybrid cultivar of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） - Xiangzayou763, and to determine the optimum NPK ratio and dose in Hunan, China. The results showed that NPK ratio （1：0.50：0.50） with 180 kg/hm2 N, 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 90 kg/hm2 K20 was the optimum combination for the highest seed yield （2 231.13 kg/hm2） and economic benefit （9 816.97 Yuan/hm2）, of which 1 641.23 Yuan/hm2 being set for fertilizer in- vestment （VCR=4.11）. Besides, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on seed yield and oil production of winter oilseed rape were not identical. N had the greatest ef- fect on plant growth of winter oilseed rape, followed by P and K. Total leaf number, green leaf number, leaf length and width, rhizome diameter, branch number, dry weight per plant and other agronomic characters in high N treatments were higher than those in low N treatments. By correlation and path analysis of yield components, the contribution rate to seed yield was found： effective silique number per plant〉seed number per silique〉l 000-seed weight.

不同施肥处理对谷子光合指标及产量性状的影响

为了提升谷子产量和品质,采用大田试验并测定不同施肥量条件下谷子叶片的光合指标及产量构成因素,通过隶属函数公式计算综合评价值对各施肥处理进行综合评价。结果表明,施肥后谷子叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均比对照处理有所增加,胞间二氧化碳浓度基本上呈减少趋势,各处理间在各指标上均具有显著性差异且以N 3P 1K 2处理最优;产量随着无机肥施入量的增加出现先上升后下降的动态趋势,N 3P 1K 2处理下谷子穗粗、穗长、穗重、穗粒重、千粒重以及产量均高于其他处理,其净光合速率较未施肥处理提升42.06%,蒸腾速率提升105.91%,气孔导度提升87.04%,胞间CO 2浓度降低29.37%,产量提升31.03%。正交分析得出,N对产量影响最大,K 2O次之,P 2O 5的影响作用最小。综上,氮肥施用量为225 kg·hm^(-2),磷肥施用量为50 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥施用量为60 kg·hm^(-2)时,谷子的光合能力较高,产量较为理想。