Effect of RPlys on Digestive Metabolism of Nitrogen in Sheep

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of RPlys on digestive metabolism of nitrogen in sheep.[Method] The contribution of RPlys for nitrogen residual in sheep was researched by digestive metabolism test.[Result] The results showed that adding RPlys decreased excretion of urine nitrogen （P0.05） and had no significant effect on excretion of fecal nitrogen （P0.05）,and precipitation coefficient of nitrogen was increased （P0.05）.[Conclusion] RPlys is propitious to the aggradations of nitrogen in sheep.

Serum levels of soluble Fas, nitric oxide and cytokines in acute decompensated cirrhotic patients

AIM： To evaluate plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate （NOx）, soluble Pas （spas） antigen, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in patients with compensated and acute decompensated cirrhosis and to evaluate mediators causing acute decompensation in liver cirrhosis, METHODS： This prospective study was conducted in the medical intensive care unit of an academic tertiary center, Fifty-five patients with acute decompensation （gastrointestinal hemorrhage, encephalopathy, hydropic decompensation） and twenty-five patients with compensated liver drrhosis were included, Blood samples were taken for analyses of spas, Nox, IL-6, TNF-α, Liver enzymes and kidney functions were also tested, RESULTS： In patients with acute decompensation, plasma spas levels were higher than in non-decompensated patients （15305 ± 4646 vs 12458± 4322 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）. This was also true for the subgroup of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis （P 〈 0.05）. The other mediators were not different and none of the parameters predicted survival, except for ALT （alanine-aminotransferase）. In patients with portal-hypertension-induced acute hemorrhage, NOx levels were significantly lower than in patients with other forms of decompensation （70.8 ± 48.3 vs 112.9 ± 74.9 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）. When NOx levels were normalized to creatinine levels, the difference disappeared. IL-6, TNF-α and spas were not different between bleeders and non-bleeders. In decompensated patients spas, IL-6 and NOx levels correlated positively with creatinine levels, while IL-6 levels were dependent on Child class. CONCLUSION： In acute decompensated cirrhotic patients sPas is increased, suggesting a role of apoptosis in this process and patients with acute bleeding have lower NOx levels, However, in this acute complex clinical situation, kidney function seems to have a predominant influence on mediator levels,

Fate and Transformation of Nitrogen from ^(15)N-Labelled Rice Straw After Feeding Goat

Three goats were fed with ^15N-labelled rice straw to study the characteristics of digestion,assimilation,transformation and excretion of C and N compounds from rice straw.It was shown that the amount of ^15N transformed into the bodies of the two slaughtered goats accounted for 38.5 and 23.6% of the total amount of ^15N deposition of the experimental diet taken by each goat.The ^15N excreted through the feces and urine for the three goats accounted for 34.8,33.2 and 33.9% of the total amount of ^15N deposition in the feed of the 3 goats.The recovery of total ^15N for the two slaughtered goats were 73.3 and 57.5%,with the corresponding rates of ^15N loss 26.7 and 42.5% respectively.The digestibilities of total amino acids for Goats 1 and 3 were 68.7 and 54.0%,and the digestibilties of carbohydrates for the two goats were 74.8 and 67.7% respectively.

Effect of Dietary Nitrogen Corrected-True Metabolism Energy and Digestible Amino Acids on Broiler Breeder Reproductive Performance

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary digestible amino acids of feedstuffs and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen on broiler breeder performance in 50 weeks to 64 weeks of age. 140 females and 20 males broiler breeders in 4 treatments with 5 replicates （7 females with a male） were used in the form of a completely randomized trial design 2 ~ 2 factorial. Four experimental diets were formulation based on two factors, first factor was included, two types of Apparent and True Metabolizable Energy corrected for Nitrogen （AMEn and TMEn） and the second factor was included, two types of Total Amino Acids （TAA） and Digestible （DAA） of feedstuffs. The result showed that egg weight, egg production （%） and egg mass （g/hen/day） was significantly different which was affected by diets formulation based on energy and interaction between energy and amino acids （P 〈 0.01）. Treatment 2 （AMEn ＋ DAA） was at the highest level significantly different （P 〈 0.01） in egg weight 68.97 g, egg production 62.45%, and egg mass 43. i g/hen/day. Hatching eggs were significantly different which was affected by diet formulation based on amino acids. Fertility, hatchability and number of chicks per hen were significant different, that were affected by diet formulation based on energy （P 〈 0.05）. Interaction between two factors, were significantly different in two reproductive traits fertility and hatchability （P 〈 0.05）. This experiment showed that diet formulation based on AMEn and DAA for broiler breeder was better and significant on performance.

Provenance-specific ecophysiological responses to drought in Cunninghamia lanceolata

Aims Cunninghamia lanceolata is one of the most important coniferous species in southern China,but its high sensitivity to drought restricts its expansion.Understanding the intraspecific variation of physiological responses to drought can help us manage this plantation better.Methods We selected 3-year-old seedlings of C.lanceolata,which originated from the low precipitation(LP),middle precipitation(MP)and high precipitation(HP)habitats,respectively.Seedlings were grown under drought stress(20%of soil volumetric water content)for 40 days.The ecophysiological responses and adaptive strategies with different drought tolerance were investigated.Important Findings LP provenance possessed the best tolerance to drought stress,suggesting that considerably increased carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds as osmotic protective materials,which were driven by fast carbon and nitrogen metabolisms.In addition,the highest peroxidase activity could effectively eliminate hydrogen peroxide in drought-stressed LP provenance.The MP provenance reserved a large amount of non-structural carbohydrates,which may act as a certain buffer for encountering drought stress.Importantly,timely closure of stomata to reduce needle transpiration when encountering a water deficiency would help them adapt to long-term drought.MP provenance adopted a conservative water-saving strategy.However,HP provenance regulated root growth(increased root/shoot ratio)and reduced penetration potential to help them absorb water.The different strategies among provenances may be related to the long-term domestication of the geographical environments.Therefore,our results underline the importance of provenance-specific responses to drought stress.It is highly significant to accelerate the selection of drought-resistant germplasms and to cultivate high-yield plantations in the future.