There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi- ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effec...There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi- ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effect of nitrogen application on maize growth can be reflected at the grain filling stage. Many scholars have researched the differences in grain filling characteristics among different maize varieties under the same nitrogen application conditions, but there are reare reports on the differ- ences under different nitrogen application conditions. In this study, the grain filling dynamics of maize were observed so as to determine the differences in nitrogen efficiency and to further compare the differences in grain filling characteristics a- mong different maize varieties. The test was carried out with Tunyu 99, Luyu 19 and Xianyu 335 as the materials during May 1st to October 7th, 2013. Under the nitrogen application levels of NO （0 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, N1 （140 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen） and N2 （210 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, the filling dynamics of upper- and middle- lower-part grains of spring maize were studied. The results showed that among the three nitrogen application level, the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Tunyu 99 ranked as N2〉NI〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Luyu 19 ranked as N1〉N2〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Xianyu 335 ranked as （N1, N2）〉N0, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Un- der the nitrogen application level of N1, Luyu 19 showed the best growth; under the nitrogen application level of N2, Tunyu 99 showed the best growth, The growth ad- vantage of Xianyu 335 was unobvious under neither N1 nor N2 nitrogen application levels. The development-promoting effect of nitrogen application was more obvious in upper-part grains than that in middle-lower-part grains.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS： A diarrhea model was established in Sprague Dawley rats via injection of 1 mL of 30 mg/kg LPS. A...AIM： To investigate the effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS： A diarrhea model was established in Sprague Dawley rats via injection of 1 mL of 30 mg/kg LPS. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into normal group, LPS group, LPS ＋ Lianshu group, LPS ＋ berberine group （n = 10 in each group）. Their intestinal mucosal barrier and frequency of diarrhea were observed. Levels of glucose, serum Na^＋, K^＋, Cl and hematocrit, plasma nitrogen monoxide （NO）, diamine oxidase （DAO）, and D （-）-lactate were measured. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells in small intestine was detected and SIgA levels in the intestinal fluid were measured. The antipyretic activity of Lianshu preparation in rats was evaluated using Brewer＇s yeast-induced pyrexia （10 mL/kg of 20% aqueous suspension）. Acetaminophen （250 mg/kg, intragastric administration, bid） was comparison. Temperature used as a standard drug for was recorded 1 h before and 6 h after Brewer＇s yeast injection. Finally, small intestina transmission in mice treated with Lianshu was detected after intraperitoneal injection of methyl prostigmin （2 mg/kg）. Atropine （10 g/kg） was used as a control. The ink content in intestine was determined and the total length of intestine was measured. RESULTS： The frequency of diarrhea was higher in LPS group than in LPS ＋ Lianshu group and LPS ＋ berberine group （36.70± 5.23 vs 28.50 ±4.06 and 32.70±9.30 respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LP5 ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （P = 0.03）. The levels of Na＋, glucose, Cl, K^＋ were significantly lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （140.35±3.19 mmol/L vs 131.99±4.86 mmol/L, 8.49 ±1.84 mmol/L vs 6.54±2.30 mmol/L, 106.29± 4.41 mmol/L vs 102.5±1.39 mmol/L, 5.08±0.66 mmol/L vs 4.32 ± 0.62 mmol/L respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The level of hematocrit was lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （0.50% ±0.07% vs 0.59%± 0.10% respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The plasma levels of NO, DAO and D （-）-lactate were higher in LPS group than in normal group （79.74 ± 7.39μmol/L vs 24.94 ± 3.38μmol/L, 2.48 ±0.42μ/mL vs 0.82 ±0.33 p/mL, 5.63± 0.85μg/mL vs 2.01 ±0.32 μg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LP5 ＋ berberine group （48.59±4.70μmol/L vs 51.56 ±8.38 μmol/L, 1.43± 0.53μmol/mL vs 1.81 ±0.42 μmol/mL, 4.00± 0.54 μg/mL vs 4.88 ± 0.77 pg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The morphology of the intestinal mucosa showed destroyed villi in LPS group and atrophied intestinal mucosa in other groups. The pathological intestinal mucosal changes were less in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells and amount of SIgA were higher in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group （1.16±0.19/μm^2 vs 1.09±0.28/μm^2, P = 0.026; 0.59 ±0.12 mg/L vs 0.15± 0.19 mg/L respectively, P = 0.000）. Lianshu had counteractive effects on yeast-induced pyrexia and enterokinesia in rats. CONCLUSION： Lianshu preparation has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced diarrhea and enterokinesia in rats.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271645)Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(20140311007-4)~~
文摘There are significant differences in nitrogen absorption and utilization effi- ciency among different maize varieties. So it is very essential to determine nitrogen efficiencies of different maize varieties. The effect of nitrogen application on maize growth can be reflected at the grain filling stage. Many scholars have researched the differences in grain filling characteristics among different maize varieties under the same nitrogen application conditions, but there are reare reports on the differ- ences under different nitrogen application conditions. In this study, the grain filling dynamics of maize were observed so as to determine the differences in nitrogen efficiency and to further compare the differences in grain filling characteristics a- mong different maize varieties. The test was carried out with Tunyu 99, Luyu 19 and Xianyu 335 as the materials during May 1st to October 7th, 2013. Under the nitrogen application levels of NO （0 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, N1 （140 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen） and N2 （210 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen）, the filling dynamics of upper- and middle- lower-part grains of spring maize were studied. The results showed that among the three nitrogen application level, the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Tunyu 99 ranked as N2〉NI〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Luyu 19 ranked as N1〉N2〉N0; the grain fresh weight and dry weight of Xianyu 335 ranked as （N1, N2）〉N0, and there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Un- der the nitrogen application level of N1, Luyu 19 showed the best growth; under the nitrogen application level of N2, Tunyu 99 showed the best growth, The growth ad- vantage of Xianyu 335 was unobvious under neither N1 nor N2 nitrogen application levels. The development-promoting effect of nitrogen application was more obvious in upper-part grains than that in middle-lower-part grains.
基金Supported by State Administration of Chinese Medicine,No.04-06LP24Health Bureau of Shanghai,No.06ER14090the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China "973 Program",No.2006CB504810
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS： A diarrhea model was established in Sprague Dawley rats via injection of 1 mL of 30 mg/kg LPS. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into normal group, LPS group, LPS ＋ Lianshu group, LPS ＋ berberine group （n = 10 in each group）. Their intestinal mucosal barrier and frequency of diarrhea were observed. Levels of glucose, serum Na^＋, K^＋, Cl and hematocrit, plasma nitrogen monoxide （NO）, diamine oxidase （DAO）, and D （-）-lactate were measured. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells in small intestine was detected and SIgA levels in the intestinal fluid were measured. The antipyretic activity of Lianshu preparation in rats was evaluated using Brewer＇s yeast-induced pyrexia （10 mL/kg of 20% aqueous suspension）. Acetaminophen （250 mg/kg, intragastric administration, bid） was comparison. Temperature used as a standard drug for was recorded 1 h before and 6 h after Brewer＇s yeast injection. Finally, small intestina transmission in mice treated with Lianshu was detected after intraperitoneal injection of methyl prostigmin （2 mg/kg）. Atropine （10 g/kg） was used as a control. The ink content in intestine was determined and the total length of intestine was measured. RESULTS： The frequency of diarrhea was higher in LPS group than in LPS ＋ Lianshu group and LPS ＋ berberine group （36.70± 5.23 vs 28.50 ±4.06 and 32.70±9.30 respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LP5 ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （P = 0.03）. The levels of Na＋, glucose, Cl, K^＋ were significantly lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （140.35±3.19 mmol/L vs 131.99±4.86 mmol/L, 8.49 ±1.84 mmol/L vs 6.54±2.30 mmol/L, 106.29± 4.41 mmol/L vs 102.5±1.39 mmol/L, 5.08±0.66 mmol/L vs 4.32 ± 0.62 mmol/L respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The level of hematocrit was lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （0.50% ±0.07% vs 0.59%± 0.10% respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The plasma levels of NO, DAO and D （-）-lactate were higher in LPS group than in normal group （79.74 ± 7.39μmol/L vs 24.94 ± 3.38μmol/L, 2.48 ±0.42μ/mL vs 0.82 ±0.33 p/mL, 5.63± 0.85μg/mL vs 2.01 ±0.32 μg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LP5 ＋ berberine group （48.59±4.70μmol/L vs 51.56 ±8.38 μmol/L, 1.43± 0.53μmol/mL vs 1.81 ±0.42 μmol/mL, 4.00± 0.54 μg/mL vs 4.88 ± 0.77 pg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The morphology of the intestinal mucosa showed destroyed villi in LPS group and atrophied intestinal mucosa in other groups. The pathological intestinal mucosal changes were less in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells and amount of SIgA were higher in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group （1.16±0.19/μm^2 vs 1.09±0.28/μm^2, P = 0.026; 0.59 ±0.12 mg/L vs 0.15± 0.19 mg/L respectively, P = 0.000）. Lianshu had counteractive effects on yeast-induced pyrexia and enterokinesia in rats. CONCLUSION： Lianshu preparation has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced diarrhea and enterokinesia in rats.
