奥氏体不锈钢固溶渗氮研究

对304和904 L两种奥氏体不锈钢进行了固溶渗氮研究.用电子探针测定了渗氮层的氮浓度分布,用扫描电子显微镜观察了试样渗层的显微组织,用显微硬度计测量了表面至心部的显微硬度,用X射线衍射仪分析了渗氮层的物相组成,对试样在1 mol/L的稀硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性进行了阳极极化曲线分析.结果表明:显微硬度随表面至心部距离的增加而降低.固溶渗氮水冷试样表面的物相为单相奥氏体,炉冷试样的表面物相除高氮奥氏体外,还出现了CrN.渗氮后的试样在1 mol/L稀硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性优于未氮化试样.

304奥氏体不锈钢固溶渗氮的研究

在氮气中对304奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶渗氮,用电子探针测定了渗氮层的氮浓度分布,用扫描电子显微镜观察了渗氮层的金相组织。结果表明,固溶渗氮可以使304奥氏体不锈钢获得高氮奥氏体层;表面氮浓度随渗氮温度的升高和氮气压力的增大而增加,渗氮层深度随渗氮温度的升高和保温时间的延长而增加;渗氮后空冷和水冷时氮为固溶状态,炉冷时会析出氮化物。

Possible emissions of N_2O from plants in coniferous-deciduous mixed forests

Aboveground vertical profiles of N2O concentrations were measured with in two natural coniferous-deciduous mixed forests of 1998 and 1999 in Changbai M ountain. Significant high N2O concentrations were found in six profiles out of t welve profiles. The results showed that high concentrations were 3.03% to 64.9% higher than the "normal concentrations" in these six profiles. Differences betwe en the high concentrations and the "normal concentrations" were statistically si gnificant. The simultaneous occurrence of high concentrations at/nearby the cano py height and normal concentrations at the trunk space height indicated an efflu x of N2O from foliage to atmosphere. This study afforded evidence supporting tha t plant per se, besides forest soil, was an important source of atmospheric N2O in a forest ecosystem.

Variation in carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning between above-and belowground biomass along a precipitation gradient at Tibetan Plateau

Precipitation is a potential factor that significantly affects plant nutrient pools by influencing biomass sizes and nutrient concentrations. However, few studies have explicitly dissected carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) pools between above- and belowground biomass at the community level along a precipitation gradient. We conducted a transect(approx. 1300 km long) study of Stipa purpurea community in alpine steppe on the Tibet Plateau of China to test the variation of N pool of aboveground biomass/N pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB N) and P pool of aboveground biomass/P pool of belowground biomass(AB/BB P) along a precipitation gradient. The proportion of aboveground biomass decreased significantly from mesic to drier sites. Along the belt transect, the plant N concentration was relatively stable; thus, AB/BB N increased with moisture due to the major influences by above- and belowground biomass allocation. However, P concentration of aboveground biomass decreased significantly with increasing precipitation and AB/BB P did not vary with aridity because of the offset effect of the P concentration and biomass allocation. Precipitation gradients do decouple the N and P pool of a S. purpurea community along a precipitation gradient in alpine steppe. The decreasing of N:P in aboveground biomass in drier regions may indicate much stronger N limitation in more arid area.

Possible emissions of N2O from plants in coniferous-deciduous mixed forests

Aboveground vertical profiles of N2O concentrations were measured with in two natural coniferous-deciduous mixed forests of 1998 and 1999 in Changbai M ountain. Significant high N2O concentrations were found in six profiles out of t welve profiles. The results showed that high concentrations were 3.03% to 64.9% higher than the 'normal concentrations' in these six profiles. Differences betwe en the high concentrations and the 'normal concentrations' were statistically si gnificant. The simultaneous occurrence of high concentrations at/nearby the cano py height and normal concentrations at the trunk space height indicated an efflu x of N2O from foliage to atmosphere. This study afforded evidence supporting tha t plant per se, besides forest soil, was an important source of atmospheric N2O in a forest ecosystem.