氮溶液灌溉对芦苇生长的影响

以湿地芦苇生产区为研究背景,采用筒栽试验模拟人工湿地净化污水,研究分析了在3个不同浓度处理10,15,20mg/L,氮溶液灌溉下,芦苇的株高、茎粗、叶面积以及地上单株产量的变化,试验同时设计对照组用清水灌溉芦苇进行比较。结果表明:不同浓度的氮溶液灌溉后对芦苇的株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上单株产量的影响不同,均优于对照组。说明含氮溶液灌溉有利于芦苇的生长,含氮浓度为20mg/L的溶液增产效果明显。

脲酶抑制剂NBPT对三种类型土壤中UAN氮溶液氮素转化和氨挥发的影响

室内恒温培养条件下,将N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)与UAN氮溶液配施,测定其氮素转化和氨挥发动态变化,研究NBPT与UAN氮溶液配施对灰漠土、潮土和红壤上氮素转化和氨挥发的影响。结果表明:(1)对比尿素,在施肥早期(6 h~7 d),UAN氮溶液能分别多提供占施氮量0%~46.67%的无机氮供应,灰漠土和潮土上UAN氮溶液的氨挥发量显著高于尿素,红壤上二者的氨挥发量无显著差异;(2)灰漠土、潮土和红壤上,NBPT的脲酶抑制率分别为5.20%~34.29%、4.10%~38.02%和3.27%~33.96%,潮土和灰漠土上的抑制效果优于红壤;NBPT配施UAN氮溶液降低了潮土上14~28 d的硝态氮含量,表观硝化抑制率为30.94%~31.42%;(3)NBPT降低了3种类型土壤上施UAN氮溶液后的氨挥发速率、氨挥发累积量和氨挥发总量,使氨挥发总量降低了14.89%~21.20%,潮土上最大,达21.20%,灰漠土上最小,最大值仅为14.89%;(4)对于NBPT不同用量,灰漠土和红壤上0.8‰NBPT与1.5‰NBPT的抑制效果无显著差异,潮土上1.5‰NBPT抑制效果显著大于0.8‰NBPT。因此,NBPT与UAN氮溶液配施,能抑制酰胺态氮的水解,降低氨挥发量,其中潮土上NBPT的抑制作用最显著,红壤上的抑制作用最弱;从应用效果和经济效益综合考虑,以0.8‰NBPT与UAN氮溶液配施最佳。

UAN氮溶液对潮土上玉米生长和氮素吸收的作用效果

为探究UAN氮溶液在潮土上对玉米生长和氮素吸收的作用效果,采用盆栽试验,研究UAN氮溶液对玉米收获期干物质积累、氮磷钾吸收量和土壤氮磷钾养分状况及pH值的影响。结果表明,等氮量的UAN氮溶液和尿素均促进了玉米的生长和对氮磷钾的吸收,两者的氮肥利用率无显著差异,分别为65.35%和64.76%。与全量UAN氮溶液相比,减施UAN氮溶液20%使玉米的生物量减少14.71%,植株中氮、磷、钾的养分吸收量分别降低24.27%、18.65%、10.47%。在低肥力潮土上,等氮量的UAN氮溶液和尿素对玉米的生长和氮素吸收的效果相当;减施UAN氮溶液20%影响玉米的生长和氮素的吸收,而氮肥利用率无明显变化。

关于我国推广液氨和氮溶液肥料之管窥

分析了液体氮肥——液氨、硝铵尿素溶液的分类、性质和施用优势;介绍了美国液体氮肥的产量、施用量以及管道输送的规模和费用;论述了我国液氨产品的发展历程、技术现状、施用面积和施用作物增产率;从示范基地、推荐品种、工艺技术和政策优惠等方面提出了我国应加快研发、推广和使用液体氮肥的建议,以更大程度地实现粮食的增产与能源的节约。

氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂保存期的实验

本文探讨了不同浓度的氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂的保存期以及上述两种溶液化学性质稳定性的机理.该文对基层监测站在实际工作有一定的意义.

水生植物降解氨氮能力研究

本文以浮萍、紫背萍和凤眼莲为实验材料，用不同浓度的氮溶液培养处理，研究了浮萍和风眼莲在控温条件下对氮的降解能力，结果表明：三种植物都具有较好的去除水体中氮的能力，而以凤眼莲去除氮的能力最强．三种植物去除氮能力大小为：凤眼莲≥浮萍≥紫背萍．

^(18) O^(8+) 离子辐照胸腺嘧啶 N_2O饱和水溶液的研究

研究 了中能１８ Ｏ８ ＋ 离子束辐 照胸腺 嘧啶 Ｎ２ Ｏ 饱和 水溶 液 时重 离子 对 胸腺 嘧啶 的 影响 ，利用 Ｕ Ｖ、 Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ、 Ｇ Ｃ、 Ｇ Ｃ Ｍ Ｓ、 Ｇ Ｃ Ｆ Ｔ Ｉ Ｒ 等仪器 对产 物 进行 了 分析， 对羟 基 加成 产 物、二 聚 体 等十几种 产物进行 了鉴别， 测得不同 辐照剂 量下胸腺 嘧啶的 Ｇ 值 分别为０２ ４ 和１１４ ；对重离 子辐照与γ射 线辐照 进行了比 较。

测定氨氮时浓度及时间对反应的影响

采用纳氏试剂分光光度法,对不同浓度的氨氮标准溶液在各显色时间下的吸光值进行了分析,以了解实验随浓度、时间的变化情况,掌握达到最大显色所需的时间,从而指导实际的检测工作。

用非平衡溶剂萃取法分离钴镍的研究

以二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸（代号为Ｐ_２０４）作萃取剂，研究了用非平衡溶剂萃取法从氨性硫酸盐溶液中分离钴镍过程中，水相平衡ｐＨ值、两相混合时间、空气氧化时间和负载有机相用硫酸反萃等因素对分离钴镍的影响．结果表明：在水相中添加适量的（ＮＨ_４）_２Ｓ_２Ｏ_８或让料液在空气中自然氧化，均可使钴（Ⅱ）氧化成动力学惰性配合物一钴（Ⅲ）氨配离子．此时钴的萃取速率较慢，而镍的萃取速率较快，控制两相混合时间，用非平衡溶剂萃取法可有效分离钴镍．用稀硫酸溶液从负载有机相中反萃镍，镍反萃率可达９９％以上．

Use of New Water Soluble Surface Film－Forming Material to Reduce Ammonia Loss from Water Solution

A new water soluble surfaCe film-forming material was developed and its effect on reducing ammonia volatilization from an alkaline solution was investigated in laborstory. Results showed that the new film formed by the material was not only more effective in reducing ammonia loss than any other films tested but also much cheaper. The optimum amount of addition of the new film-forming material was about 10times the theoretical amount to form a monomolecular film. Under the experimental conditions, the new film could effectively depress the ammonia volatilization for at least 6 days. The cumulative ammonia loss rates for different films were fitted to a simple logistic equation, and some important parameters such as the cumulative loss, and the maximum and average volatilization rates were calculated. The effect of different films could be, therefore, compared quantitatively, indicating the new film was most effective in depressing ammonia volatilization.

Absorption of NO_x into Nitric Acid Solution in Rotating Packed Bed

Absorption of NOx into nitric acid solutions was studied in the presence of ozone by using a rotating packed bed(RPB) contactor.The influences of operating parameters,such as high gravity number,amount of ozone,gas velocity,liquid spray density and inlet concentration of NOx,on the removal efficiency of NOx were investigated,among which the high gravity number and ozone amount are more important.Ozone was introduced to oxidize HNO2 to HNO3 to prevent the decomposition of HNO2 in the liquid phase.The high gravity number presents the effective external force for enhancing the mass transfer of ozone from gas phase to liquid phase.Under the experimental condition,the removal efficiency of NOx is higher than 90%and the concentration of nitric acid product exceeds 45%.

Responses of Halophyte Salicornia bigelovii to Different Forms of Nitrogen Source

Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels （1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L-1）, supplied in the form of NO3 or ammonium （NH4＋）, under high NaCl conditions （200 mmol L-l）. NH4^＋- fed plants showed better growth than NO3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L-1N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO3- absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO3-fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH4＋-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH4＋-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH4＋-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.

The Enhancement of Melon Fruit Quality by Application of the Fertilizer and Gibberellin

Generally, the diameter of organic melon fruit relatively short （the fruit is small）, weight of fruit just as big as 1.25-1.49 kg only, while weight of inorganic melon fruit can reach 2-3 kg. The research was conducted by experiment method with the aim to enhance quality of the organic melon fruit. Experiment I is： N, P and K fertilizer solution concentration as main plot （0, 20, 30, and 40 g L^-1） and dose of cow manure fertilizer as sub plot （0, 10, 15, and 20 ton hal） （there are 16 treatment combinations）. Experiment II is kinds of dung as main plot （chicken, cow, and goat） and dose of fertilizer as sub plot （20, 25, and 30 ton hat） （there are 9 treatment combinations）. Experiment III is dose of cow manure fertilizer as main plot （15, 20, 25, and 30 ton hal） and gibberellins concentration as sub plot （0, 30, 60, and 120 ppm） and （there are 16 treatment combinations）. Each of the treatment combination replicated 3 times. The result showed that chicken, cow, and goats manure can be used in organic cultivation of melons, and cow manure has the highest potential. The role of the dose is relatively low in plant growth, but to improve the quality of fruit need dose of 10-15 tons hat. The addition of inorganic NPK fertilizer solution or use of gibberellins can increase growth and fruit quality of melon （the used of gibberellins are recommended）.

Removal of Basic Nitrogen Compounds from Coker Diesel by Eutectic Ionic Liquid

The eutectic ionic liquid （EIL） tetraethyl ammonium bromide-malonic acid （TEAB-Mal） was synthesized, with its structure characterized by the FT-IR spectroscopy and the 1H NMR spectrometry. The performance for removal of basic nitrogen compounds by EIL was studied using coker diesel as the feedstock. Experimental results showed that the EIL （TEAB-Mal） exhibited a good denitrogenation performance, leading to a 93.6% of basic N-removal efficiency under reaction conditions covering： a temperature of 30 ℃, an EIL to oil mass ratio of 1：1, an extraction time of 30 min, and a settling time of 120 min, while the basic nitrogen content in diesel dropped from 580 μg/g to 37 gg/g. In addition, the efficiency for extraction of basic N-compounds could still reach 62.9% at am EIL/oil mass ratio of 1：7 after four recycles of the EIL.

Effect of Dispersity and Porous Structure of TiO2 Nanopowders on Photocatalytic Destruction of Azodyes in Aqueous Solutions

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanopowders of anatase modification with various particle sizes and specific surface areas has been studied in the process of photocatalytic decolorization of aqueous solutions of methylene blue and direct blue 2C azodyes. By means of scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature N2 adsorption method, it was found that TiO2 nanopowders have the particles size of 5-120 nm with the specific surface area of 15-120 m2·g^-1. The used TiO2 samples are characterized by mesoporous structures with average pore size of 4.3-14.9 nm. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was evaluated via decolorization of azodyes solutions. It was shown that the efficiency of decolorization symbatically changes with the dye adsorption value on TiO2 surface and the degree of decolorization rises when the surface area of TiO2 nanopowders increases. It was found that TiO2 photocatalytic activity essentially depends on adsorption interactions between the dye molecules and catalytic active centers on TiO2 surface, and these interactions, in turn, are greatly affected by pH of the solution.

NiRh nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon as highly efficient catalysts for dehydrogenation of hydrazine in alkaline solution

Well-dispersed bimetallic NiRh nanoparticles （NPs） with different compositions supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon （NPC） derived from metal-organic frameworks （ZIF-8） were synthesized through a co-reduction method. The NPC-900 supported NiRh catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity and 100% hydrogen selectivity toward hydrogen generation from hydrazine. These properties might be attributed to the high surface area and high graphitization of the NPC. This strategy may open up a new avenue for designing high-performance catalysts by utilizing NPC as a support to anchor active metal NPs for additional applications.