The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a s...The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a spacing of 25 crn × 1.0 m. In the nursery, an assessment was carried out of the effect of various biopreparations on such growth characteristics as the thickness and height of the maidens, the formation of lateral shoots and the total increase in their length. The control trees were not treated at all, but fertilized with an NPK fertilizer only （second control）. To stimulate growth, use was made of granular manure, mycorrhizal fungi in the form of the preparation Micosat, humic preparations or so-called vermicomposts （Humus UP, Humus Active）, extracts of marine algae （BF Quality） and of terrestrial plants （BF Arnin）, a product derived from yeast （Vinassa） and Tytanit. The specific biological effects of the preparations used in the sour cherry nursery for each morphological feature are presented in this paper in graphical form. A beneficial effect on the increase in the number of lateral shoots and the increase in their length was produced by the use of such products as： Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM and Vinassa. The most effective in this respect was BF Amin.展开更多
The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontro...The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontrol agent of Trichoderma harzianum （T.h.） and NPK fertilizer 180 Kg h^-1, on the survived micro and macrocondia of Fusarium proliferatum （Matsushita） Nirenberg were ascertained during summer 2008. Mulched treatments within 45 and 60 days significantly reduced viable propagules to 6 and 3.4 × l03 cfu1 g soil, respectively at 5 cm depth followed by 15 and 30 cm soil depth. Natural heating of dry soil reduced an initial population of 76 × 10^3 to 46.73, 49 and 49.13 × 103 cfu＇lg soil at 5, 15 and 30 cm depth, respectively. Therefore, Fusarium proliferatum reduced by 85.29 and 89.22% within 45 and 60 days compared to 38% in control aired soil. Application of mulching with T. harzianum caused a worthwhile reduction 84.37% in viable propagules, solar with low doses of Metalaxyl-Benlate further reduced Fusarium propagules at all depths 95.5%. Combining chicken manures proved its reduction of fungi cfu at 5 cm depth only, whereas NPK amendments failed in their reduction effects at various depths. However, almost 95% reduction in Fusarium propagules was achieved at various soil depths when combining Met.-Ben., with soil mulching. Combining T.h. was also proved to be significant in reducing fungus inoculum by 88.58, 96.06% at 5 and 15 cm depth. Generally, manures and NPK fertilizers amended soil found equally effective in reducing cfu of Fusarium at 5 and 15 cm depth similar to polyethylene mulching for both solar duration.展开更多
Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial expe...Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.展开更多
文摘The study was conducted in an organic nursery of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ in the years 2010 and 2011. Cherry trees grafted on Mahaleb （Prunus mahaleb L.） seedlings were grown at a spacing of 25 crn × 1.0 m. In the nursery, an assessment was carried out of the effect of various biopreparations on such growth characteristics as the thickness and height of the maidens, the formation of lateral shoots and the total increase in their length. The control trees were not treated at all, but fertilized with an NPK fertilizer only （second control）. To stimulate growth, use was made of granular manure, mycorrhizal fungi in the form of the preparation Micosat, humic preparations or so-called vermicomposts （Humus UP, Humus Active）, extracts of marine algae （BF Quality） and of terrestrial plants （BF Arnin）, a product derived from yeast （Vinassa） and Tytanit. The specific biological effects of the preparations used in the sour cherry nursery for each morphological feature are presented in this paper in graphical form. A beneficial effect on the increase in the number of lateral shoots and the increase in their length was produced by the use of such products as： Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM and Vinassa. The most effective in this respect was BF Amin.
文摘The effects of solarisation using clear, UV stabilized, 25μm low density polyethylene mulching combined with soil amendment of chicken manures 12 th^-1, mixed fungicides of Metalaxyl 2 g-Benlate 1.5 g L^-l, Biocontrol agent of Trichoderma harzianum （T.h.） and NPK fertilizer 180 Kg h^-1, on the survived micro and macrocondia of Fusarium proliferatum （Matsushita） Nirenberg were ascertained during summer 2008. Mulched treatments within 45 and 60 days significantly reduced viable propagules to 6 and 3.4 × l03 cfu1 g soil, respectively at 5 cm depth followed by 15 and 30 cm soil depth. Natural heating of dry soil reduced an initial population of 76 × 10^3 to 46.73, 49 and 49.13 × 103 cfu＇lg soil at 5, 15 and 30 cm depth, respectively. Therefore, Fusarium proliferatum reduced by 85.29 and 89.22% within 45 and 60 days compared to 38% in control aired soil. Application of mulching with T. harzianum caused a worthwhile reduction 84.37% in viable propagules, solar with low doses of Metalaxyl-Benlate further reduced Fusarium propagules at all depths 95.5%. Combining chicken manures proved its reduction of fungi cfu at 5 cm depth only, whereas NPK amendments failed in their reduction effects at various depths. However, almost 95% reduction in Fusarium propagules was achieved at various soil depths when combining Met.-Ben., with soil mulching. Combining T.h. was also proved to be significant in reducing fungus inoculum by 88.58, 96.06% at 5 and 15 cm depth. Generally, manures and NPK fertilizers amended soil found equally effective in reducing cfu of Fusarium at 5 and 15 cm depth similar to polyethylene mulching for both solar duration.
基金Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU),Bangladesh for funding of project
文摘Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.
