[Objective] The aim was to overview the emission of greenhouse gases in farmland. [Method] Based on domestic and foreign references, production mechanism, discharging characters and major influential factors of CO2, C...[Objective] The aim was to overview the emission of greenhouse gases in farmland. [Method] Based on domestic and foreign references, production mechanism, discharging characters and major influential factors of CO2, CH4 and N2O in soils of farmland were overviewed. [Result] Production and discharge of CO2, CH. and N2O played an important role in circulation of carbon and nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystem and constituted a key method for carbon and nitrogen output. It is significant to conduct research on reduction of greenhouse gas and increase of absorption. [Conclusion] The research is beneficial for exploration on discharge rule and influential factors of greenhouse gases, providing theoretical references for reduction of greenhouse gases and study on climate change.展开更多
The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. altern...The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（m2.yr）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.展开更多
The soil of subtropical vegetable fields is an important source of the atmospheric greenhouse gas nitrous oxide（N2O）. In a field study in subtropical China, the authors used an eddy covariance（EC）system based on a...The soil of subtropical vegetable fields is an important source of the atmospheric greenhouse gas nitrous oxide（N2O）. In a field study in subtropical China, the authors used an eddy covariance（EC）system based on a close-path quantum cascade laser（QCL） spectrometer to measure N2O fluxes from a vegetable field. During the experimental period from 9 October 2014 to 18 February 2015,the observed half-hourly N2O fluxes ranged from.10.7 to 1077.4 μg N m^-2h^-1, with a mean value of99.3 μg N m^-2h^-1. The detection limit（95% confidence level） of the EC system for half-hourly fluxes was estimated at 18.5 μg N m^-2h^-1, i.e. smaller than 97.5% of all measured fluxes, and within the range of the lower limit of reported N2O emissions from subtropical vegetable fields. The random uncertainties in the half-hourly fluxes were estimated at 60% on average, of which 62% was due to stochastic variations caused by turbulence and 38% by instrumental noise. The flux systematic uncertainties were estimated at.18% on average, mainly due to the spectral attenuation; however,this negative bias had already been corrected for by calculating half-hourly fluxes. In conclusion,the close-path QCL-based EC technique is capable of measuring the N2O fluxes from the subtropical vegetable fields of China with high reliability and accuracy.展开更多
Nitrification and denitrification are two key links of nitrogen flow cycle in soil.N2O and N2,generated from biochemical process of nitrogen,can cause not only the nitrogen losses and reduction of nitrogen use efficie...Nitrification and denitrification are two key links of nitrogen flow cycle in soil.N2O and N2,generated from biochemical process of nitrogen,can cause not only the nitrogen losses and reduction of nitrogen use efficiency,but also the boosted concentration of greenhouse gases,severely endangering the environment.Accordingly,nitrification-denitrification has been more and more concerned from whether an agricultural view,or an environmental one.Referring to the related literatures published at home and abroad in recent years,we overviewed the denitrification-caused N loss and N2O emission in various agro-ecosystems,and based on which we put forward countermeasures to reduce the denitrification-caused N loss and N2O emission and its research prospects in the future.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special R&D Fund for Public Welfare IndustryApplication of Remote Sensing Technology in Agrometeorological Forecast(GYHY201106027)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to overview the emission of greenhouse gases in farmland. [Method] Based on domestic and foreign references, production mechanism, discharging characters and major influential factors of CO2, CH4 and N2O in soils of farmland were overviewed. [Result] Production and discharge of CO2, CH. and N2O played an important role in circulation of carbon and nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystem and constituted a key method for carbon and nitrogen output. It is significant to conduct research on reduction of greenhouse gas and increase of absorption. [Conclusion] The research is beneficial for exploration on discharge rule and influential factors of greenhouse gases, providing theoretical references for reduction of greenhouse gases and study on climate change.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301085)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB956100)
文摘The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（m2.yr）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.
基金supported from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China[grant number 2012CB417106]the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA05020100]+1 种基金the German Science Foundation[contract number BU1173/12-1]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers41405137 and 41321064]
文摘The soil of subtropical vegetable fields is an important source of the atmospheric greenhouse gas nitrous oxide（N2O）. In a field study in subtropical China, the authors used an eddy covariance（EC）system based on a close-path quantum cascade laser（QCL） spectrometer to measure N2O fluxes from a vegetable field. During the experimental period from 9 October 2014 to 18 February 2015,the observed half-hourly N2O fluxes ranged from.10.7 to 1077.4 μg N m^-2h^-1, with a mean value of99.3 μg N m^-2h^-1. The detection limit（95% confidence level） of the EC system for half-hourly fluxes was estimated at 18.5 μg N m^-2h^-1, i.e. smaller than 97.5% of all measured fluxes, and within the range of the lower limit of reported N2O emissions from subtropical vegetable fields. The random uncertainties in the half-hourly fluxes were estimated at 60% on average, of which 62% was due to stochastic variations caused by turbulence and 38% by instrumental noise. The flux systematic uncertainties were estimated at.18% on average, mainly due to the spectral attenuation; however,this negative bias had already been corrected for by calculating half-hourly fluxes. In conclusion,the close-path QCL-based EC technique is capable of measuring the N2O fluxes from the subtropical vegetable fields of China with high reliability and accuracy.
基金Supported by Key Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2008J0120)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2006J0009)+1 种基金Non-profit Program from Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2009R10032-1 and 2010R1024-2)Special Fund for the Establishment of S&T Innovation Teams in Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences from Financial Department of Fujian Province(STIF-Y01)
文摘Nitrification and denitrification are two key links of nitrogen flow cycle in soil.N2O and N2,generated from biochemical process of nitrogen,can cause not only the nitrogen losses and reduction of nitrogen use efficiency,but also the boosted concentration of greenhouse gases,severely endangering the environment.Accordingly,nitrification-denitrification has been more and more concerned from whether an agricultural view,or an environmental one.Referring to the related literatures published at home and abroad in recent years,we overviewed the denitrification-caused N loss and N2O emission in various agro-ecosystems,and based on which we put forward countermeasures to reduce the denitrification-caused N loss and N2O emission and its research prospects in the future.
