研究考察了CCl4增强超声降解喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星的效果,通过·OH浓度的测定和异丙醇对反应的抑制情况探索环丙沙星的超声降解机理;采用UPLC/MS/MS方法对降解产物进行分析,解析环丙沙星的降解路径。结果表明,CCl4增强了环丙沙星...研究考察了CCl4增强超声降解喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星的效果,通过·OH浓度的测定和异丙醇对反应的抑制情况探索环丙沙星的超声降解机理;采用UPLC/MS/MS方法对降解产物进行分析,解析环丙沙星的降解路径。结果表明,CCl4增强了环丙沙星的超声降解,当反应液体积为100 m L,超声40 min,随着CCl4添加浓度的增大（0-41.4mmol·L^-1）,环丙沙星的降解率由0.51%增至50.92%;荧光探针分析和异丙醇抑制结果表明增强作用主要在于·OH和一系列氯自由基的氧化;UPLC/MS/MS分析发现,降解过程中生成8种产物,其中包括3种氯代产物,环丙沙星按照6种途径进行降解。研究结果有助于深入研究CCl4增强超声降解抗生素的机理,提高过程处理效果。展开更多
This paper reports on the levels of 8 organochlorine pesticide residues and metabolites in three fish species; Tilapia （Oreochromis leucostictus）. Common carp （Cyprinus carpio） and Mirror carp （Cuprinus spectacul...This paper reports on the levels of 8 organochlorine pesticide residues and metabolites in three fish species; Tilapia （Oreochromis leucostictus）. Common carp （Cyprinus carpio） and Mirror carp （Cuprinus spectacularlus） from Lake Naivasha, Kenya. p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and methoxychlor were analyzed in fish specimens collected from Lake Naivasha during the months of November - December in 2008. The pesticide concentrations （in ~ag/Kg, wet weight） ranged within 0.42-4.185 p,g/Kg, for Heptachlor, BDL-0.291 Heptachlor epoxide, 0.433-4.733 Aldrin, BDL -0.341 Dieldrin, p,p＇ DDT, BDL-6.691 p,p＇ DDE, BDL-27.153 p,p＇ DDD, and BDL-28.867 methoxychlor. The pesticide residue levels varied widely between and within species. C. spectacularhts showed high pesticide levels followed by C. carpio and O. leueostictus respectively; this was attributed to the trophic position and age/size of fish. The occurrences of the pesticides indicate recent use in the catchment. The mean values and ranges of residues found in fish ware below the FAO/WHO maximum acceptable limits in fish and sea food however increased monitoring is recommended to detect any changes.展开更多
紫外/氯高级氧化技术是一种新型的水处理技术,可有效氧化去除多类有机污染物,但目前较为缺乏紫外/氯处理真实污水过程中溶解性出水有机质(dEfOM)转化特性的研究.采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICRMS)探究了两...紫外/氯高级氧化技术是一种新型的水处理技术,可有效氧化去除多类有机污染物,但目前较为缺乏紫外/氯处理真实污水过程中溶解性出水有机质(dEfOM)转化特性的研究.采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICRMS)探究了两个市政污水二级出水中dEfOM在紫外/氯处理过程中的转化特性,同时对该过程中形成的氯代副产物(Cl-BPs)进行了分析.结果表明,紫外/氯可以有效去除d Ef OM中的芳香族化合物和荧光物质,且大部分物质只是发生了化学转化而非矿化,其中主要荧光组分蛋白质最先发生反应;部分CHOS类物质发生降解并生成CHO类物质,该过程优先去除大分子不饱和及还原性物质,并生成小分子饱和及氧化性物质.此外,紫外/氯处理使得三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的产生量明显增加,处理后的两个二级出水中分别检测出255种和133种Cl-BPs.利用分子质量差异分析共鉴别出了12对基于亲电取代和43对基于加成反应的前体物-反应产物对.本研究可为紫外/氯技术的实际水处理应用提供基础信息参考.展开更多
In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, Xin Yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel active metabolite（CAM）. Th...In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, Xin Yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel active metabolite（CAM）. The traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs） Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, Xin Yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule are widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in China. They are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel, a common anti-platelet Western drug. We investigated the influence of the four TCMs on CAM pharmacokinetics following administration at human dose in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following oral（PO） administration of clopidogrel（7.5 mg/kg） with or without Rong Shuan capsule（75 mg/kg, PO）, Xue Zhi Kang capsule（60 mg/kg, PO）, Xin Yuan capsule（120 mg/kg, PO）, or Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule（150 mg/kg, PO）. Compared with the animals in the control group, Xue Zhi Kang capsule significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve（AUC_（0-t）） of the CAM derivative by 25.4%. However, the t1/2 and Vz/F of CAM derivative were significantly increased by 43.6% and 70.7%, respectively. It was also observed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were altered in groups pretreated with Rong shuan capsule, Xin yuan capsule or Songling Xue mai kang capsule compared with the control group, but not significant. This study indicated that Xue Zhi Kang capsule had an effect on the formation and metabolism of CAM. Therefore, in the beginning of co-administration of Xue Zhi Kang capsule and clopidogrel, the anti-platelet efficacy might be compromised because of the decreased formation of CAM. Otherwise, long-time co-administration might lead to side effects by the prolongation of the t1/2 and Vz/F increase of CAM.展开更多
文摘研究考察了CCl4增强超声降解喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星的效果,通过·OH浓度的测定和异丙醇对反应的抑制情况探索环丙沙星的超声降解机理;采用UPLC/MS/MS方法对降解产物进行分析,解析环丙沙星的降解路径。结果表明,CCl4增强了环丙沙星的超声降解,当反应液体积为100 m L,超声40 min,随着CCl4添加浓度的增大（0-41.4mmol·L^-1）,环丙沙星的降解率由0.51%增至50.92%;荧光探针分析和异丙醇抑制结果表明增强作用主要在于·OH和一系列氯自由基的氧化;UPLC/MS/MS分析发现,降解过程中生成8种产物,其中包括3种氯代产物,环丙沙星按照6种途径进行降解。研究结果有助于深入研究CCl4增强超声降解抗生素的机理,提高过程处理效果。
文摘This paper reports on the levels of 8 organochlorine pesticide residues and metabolites in three fish species; Tilapia （Oreochromis leucostictus）. Common carp （Cyprinus carpio） and Mirror carp （Cuprinus spectacularlus） from Lake Naivasha, Kenya. p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and methoxychlor were analyzed in fish specimens collected from Lake Naivasha during the months of November - December in 2008. The pesticide concentrations （in ~ag/Kg, wet weight） ranged within 0.42-4.185 p,g/Kg, for Heptachlor, BDL-0.291 Heptachlor epoxide, 0.433-4.733 Aldrin, BDL -0.341 Dieldrin, p,p＇ DDT, BDL-6.691 p,p＇ DDE, BDL-27.153 p,p＇ DDD, and BDL-28.867 methoxychlor. The pesticide residue levels varied widely between and within species. C. spectacularhts showed high pesticide levels followed by C. carpio and O. leueostictus respectively; this was attributed to the trophic position and age/size of fish. The occurrences of the pesticides indicate recent use in the catchment. The mean values and ranges of residues found in fish ware below the FAO/WHO maximum acceptable limits in fish and sea food however increased monitoring is recommended to detect any changes.
文摘紫外/氯高级氧化技术是一种新型的水处理技术,可有效氧化去除多类有机污染物,但目前较为缺乏紫外/氯处理真实污水过程中溶解性出水有机质(dEfOM)转化特性的研究.采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICRMS)探究了两个市政污水二级出水中dEfOM在紫外/氯处理过程中的转化特性,同时对该过程中形成的氯代副产物(Cl-BPs)进行了分析.结果表明,紫外/氯可以有效去除d Ef OM中的芳香族化合物和荧光物质,且大部分物质只是发生了化学转化而非矿化,其中主要荧光组分蛋白质最先发生反应;部分CHOS类物质发生降解并生成CHO类物质,该过程优先去除大分子不饱和及还原性物质,并生成小分子饱和及氧化性物质.此外,紫外/氯处理使得三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的产生量明显增加,处理后的两个二级出水中分别检测出255种和133种Cl-BPs.利用分子质量差异分析共鉴别出了12对基于亲电取代和43对基于加成反应的前体物-反应产物对.本研究可为紫外/氯技术的实际水处理应用提供基础信息参考.
基金Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(Grant No.14277747D)
文摘In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, Xin Yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel active metabolite（CAM）. The traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs） Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, Xin Yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule are widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in China. They are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel, a common anti-platelet Western drug. We investigated the influence of the four TCMs on CAM pharmacokinetics following administration at human dose in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following oral（PO） administration of clopidogrel（7.5 mg/kg） with or without Rong Shuan capsule（75 mg/kg, PO）, Xue Zhi Kang capsule（60 mg/kg, PO）, Xin Yuan capsule（120 mg/kg, PO）, or Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule（150 mg/kg, PO）. Compared with the animals in the control group, Xue Zhi Kang capsule significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve（AUC_（0-t）） of the CAM derivative by 25.4%. However, the t1/2 and Vz/F of CAM derivative were significantly increased by 43.6% and 70.7%, respectively. It was also observed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were altered in groups pretreated with Rong shuan capsule, Xin yuan capsule or Songling Xue mai kang capsule compared with the control group, but not significant. This study indicated that Xue Zhi Kang capsule had an effect on the formation and metabolism of CAM. Therefore, in the beginning of co-administration of Xue Zhi Kang capsule and clopidogrel, the anti-platelet efficacy might be compromised because of the decreased formation of CAM. Otherwise, long-time co-administration might lead to side effects by the prolongation of the t1/2 and Vz/F increase of CAM.
