叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻镉转运特性的影响

为了探究水稻开花期喷施氯化氨基乙酸对水稻中Cd转运特性的影响,以湘早籼24号(X24)水稻为研究对象开展盆栽试验,对水稻籽粒及各器官中的Cd含量、水稻必需元素(K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn)及水稻体内氨基酸含量的变化进行分析。结果表明:水稻开花期叶面喷施0.8 mmol·L^(−1)氯化氨基乙酸显著降低了稻米和穗轴中的Cd含量,稻米中的Cd含量从0.28 mg·kg^(−1)下降至0.17 mg·kg^(−1),降幅为39.29%。通过对水稻体内各器官间Cd转移系数的分析发现,开花期水稻叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸可以显著降低Cd离子从穗轴向籽粒、穗节向穗颈、倒二节间向倒一节间的转移系数,即倒二节间向上的转移效率降低导致了稻米中Cd含量显著下降。同时,叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸降低了水稻籽粒和穗轴中Ca的含量,促进了K、Mg和Zn从倒一节向穗轴的转移。氨基酸分析结果显示,叶面喷施0.8 mmol·L^(−1)氯化氨基乙酸后,稻米中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的含量分别增加了28.54%和22.96%,甘氨酸含量减少了51.92%。由此可见,水稻开花期叶面喷施氯化氨基乙酸有利于稻米中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的合成,能促进K、Mg和Zn的转运,并通过抑制Cd由营养器官向籽粒的转运过程显著降低稻米中的Cd含量,该方法在我国南方Cd污染农田水稻生产过程中具有良好的应用前景。

Closed Loop Recycling of Chlorine for Sustainable Development of Polyurethane Industry

Increasing demand is fueling the booming polyurethane industry worldwide. An impeding issue for poly- urethane industry is how to handle the large quantity of hydrogen chloride byproduct generated from the synthesis of intermediates, i.e., isocyanates. In the meantime, the traditional chloro-alkaline process sufibrs both from the high en- ergy intensity of electrolysis method and the disparity in the chlorine and caustic soda market. To solve these prob- lems, the state-of-the-art chlorine recycling technologies are reviewed and compared. Approaches for cost-effective utilization of chlorine in polyurethane industry are investigated. Chinese academies and enterprises＇ on-going effort on the development of a novel hydrogen chloride oxidation process for the synthesis of chlorine is presented. With this process, the closed loop recycling of chlorine can be realized. Tremendous economic, environmental and social bene- fits can be expected. A wide adoption of this technology will significantly advance the sustainable development of polyurethane industry.