常压设备氯腐蚀的动态风险预测模型

针对原油加工过程中常压设备因氯腐蚀引起穿孔、进而导致泄漏事故发生的问题,结合氯腐蚀试验与动态预测方法,建立常压设备氯腐蚀的动态风险预测模型,从而及时规避腐蚀泄漏风险。首先,针对常压塔设备材料Q345钢开展挂片腐蚀试验,在获取试验数据的基础上,采用灰色理论建立质量损失预测模型,通过计算可得随时间变化的腐蚀速率和累积腐蚀厚度;除此之外,运用马尔科夫链预测腐蚀状态的概率。结果表明,采用灰色理论建立的质量损失预测模型精度良好,且此模型可得任意时刻腐蚀速率及累积腐蚀厚度;与此同时,基于马尔科夫链建立的腐蚀状态概率预测模型表明,Q345钢在第3年和第15年分别进入腐蚀加速和腐蚀穿孔阶段,该结论可作为制定检维修计划的参考。

Study of the Protective Capacity of Cements Regarding Corrosion of Reinforcements under Joint Action of CO2 and Chloride Ions

To examine the protection against reinforcement corrosion due to the combined action of CO2 and chlorides, experimental results of the evaluation of a study with three types of cement are presented. The study was performed observing the behavior of reinforcements which were put in samples submitted to accelerated carbonatation tests and accelerated tests under the effect of chlorides. For the evaluation, intensity corrosion measurements were used using the Pr （polarization resistance） technique, employing these measures as a deterioration indicator. Three types of cement available in the national market were used. The obtained results enabled the classification of the used cements, comparing their profile behaviors in the conditions of the proposed tests.