水下模拟失重动力学研究综述

水下模拟失重方法是国外20世纪60年代发展起来的地面模拟失重的有效方法,在载人航天中发挥了举足轻重、不可替代的作用;水下模拟失重动力学是水下模拟失重方法的理论基础。简要概述了水下模拟失重方法的产生背景、原理、发展和优缺点;综述了水下模拟失重动力学的国内外研究现状,展望了水下模拟失重动力学今后的发展趋势。

水下模拟靶道环境压力监控

阐述建立水下枪械模拟实验靶道的用途、结构原理及加压模拟水深的工作机理 ,介绍了压力监测控制系统。通过实弹射击证明 ,在同一装填条件下 ,水深时测得的水下枪械膛压值较水浅时的大 ,与内弹道分析模型计算机仿真结果相符。

水下模拟失重试验模型设施发展综述

对国内外不同时期水下模型的组成、设计特点进行综述与分析。从国内外水下模型的发展来看,准确模拟人机界面是水下模型设备的研制要点。为简化建造过程,可以根据试验需求对水下模型的逼真度进行分级。设计中还需要考虑水下环境的适应性,例如合理选择材料和中性浮力设计。我国后续水下模型设备的设计可以从中借鉴有益经验。

基于拖曳长线阵的水下目标模拟系统

水下目标模拟系统对于水下航行体试验与训练、舰艇水声对抗与安全防御等具有十分重要的意义。基于水下目标声学多亮点回波理论,给出了多亮点目标宽带回波信号模型。通过计算机仿真,验证了目标回波各重要特征和目标回波信号模型的有效性。基于拖曳长线阵和高速数字信号处理技术构建了水下目标模拟系统,根据目标回波信号模型综合模拟了水下分布式多亮点运动目标声散射特性,准确模拟了目标不同部位声学亮点的空间方位分布特征。分别对点源目标、真实大尺度目标、拖曳长线阵目标模拟系统进行了声纳目标识别试验,结果表明,拖曳长线阵目标模拟系统的目标特性明显不同于点源目标,而与实际大尺度目标一致。

一种水下多亮点目标模拟器的设计

以物理声学法为基础,推导了典型的多亮点水下目标回波的参数计算公式,利用MATLAB仿真验证了不同的入射角对该多亮点模型的影响,给出了水下目标回波的仿真结果。在此基础上,设计了基于线列阵的多亮点目标模拟系统的总体技术方案,提出了解决系统实时性等问题的具体办法。

基于并行计算的水下目标回波模拟器仿真软件框架研究

针对提高水下目标回波模拟器的仿真效率和计算机资源使用效率的目的。通过分析水下目标回波模拟器的仿真可并行性,详细叙述仿真任务并行分割方法,基于并行计算,形成并行仿真软件框架。搭建小型仿真系统,并行和串行仿真试验结果显示并行的CPU总利用率达到40%,串行达到12.9%,空闲状态仅达到4%。试验表明该方法可有效提高仿真效率和计算机资源使用效率。

固体燃气发生器动力模拟水下发射试验研究

通过模拟水下试验,对导弹发射管充水工况下的固体燃气发生器动力发射技术进行了研究。结果表明,在发射管充水工况下燃气动力发射方式可行。与干式发射相比,该发射动力装置需要的装药量大,但发射管内的温度较低,热防护问题容易解决。在此基础上总结出发射深度、弹后空间、挡流板和装药量对发射内弹道的影响规律。试验表明,弹后空间越小,导弹出管速度越大;加装挡流板,可使导弹出管速度明显提高。通过试验对发射方案进行了优选。

浅海域水下声波模拟

介绍一种具有水下信号发生器功能的软件，称为ANGUS（水下声音的人工噪声发生器），该软件能用作模拟浅水中水侦听阵列所接收到的实际水下信号的工具，系统可以模拟包括多个不同的声源和接收器位置的各种情况。

基于DSP和PCI的宽频带水下目标模拟器的实现及应用

介绍了宽频带水下目标回波模拟技术的特点。采用DSP和PCI构建目标模拟器的数据采集处理系统、利用串并联谐振技术实现宽带阻抗匹配,配合大动态范围的模拟信号预处理机,研制了一种宽频带水下目标模拟器。目前该型目标模拟器已成功通过了试验,并由此证明其具有较好的宽带目标模拟功能。

基于SD卡和单片机的水下目标辐射噪声模拟器设计

水下目标辐射噪声模拟器在各类被动式声探测设备的研制、验收和人员培训中有着重要意义。介绍了一种水下目标辐射噪声模拟器的设计和实现,该模拟器利用ATMega128L单片机作为控制核心,使用SPI模式控制读取SD卡,经过声源级控制和功率放大模块,将SD卡内预存噪声信号通过换能器进行发射,形成特定目标辐射噪声的模拟信源。另外,介绍了一种可行的计算机模拟特定水下目标辐射噪声的方法。测试证明,该模拟器可有效模拟水下目标,高度还原其噪声谱,达到了设计要求。

载人低重力模拟技术现状与研究进展

登月或登陆火星的航天任务中,航天员不可避免地会经受到低重力环境,由此需在地面上模拟出这种载人低重力环境。本文叙述了载人低重力环境模拟技术的定义、分类,分别介绍了失重飞机、悬吊、水下模拟、外力骨骼等模拟技术,对当前载人低重力模拟技术的现状和研究进展做了讨论。最后对我国研制载人低重力模拟设备提出了建议。

结合水下注气系统的高压水射流清洗技术的研究

为了有效扩大水下高压水射流清洗喷嘴的有效靶距,提出了一种结合水下注气系统的高压水射流清洗技术;设计了一套结合水下注气系统的高压水射流水下模拟实验装置,该装置通过水面高度控制和压力控制有效抑制了大流量水射流实验工况下的内部压力波动;计算并分析了在水深为10m的水下清洗过程中,喷嘴外环流内的气液比对射流流场的影响。分析结果表明,增大喷嘴外环流中的气液比,可以有效地增大射流的喷射速度,研究结果为水下清洗实际作业提供了理论依据。

目标回波模拟技术的实践应用研究

目标回波模拟技术实践应用广泛用在例如:雷达导引头,水下探测的探声声纳等。目标回波模拟技术可以应用于雷达目标模拟技术、水下目标回波特征仿真技术等。雷达目标回波模拟技术可以在实验室测试雷达导引头导弹距离目标有多远,起到对目标的探测和跟踪的作用,以及控制导弹系统提供对应目标的位置和目标的运动参数,是帮助导弹准确飞向目标的弹上雷达装置。水下目标回波模拟技术用于海上声纳系统以进行海上的测试,以及培训相关人员和进行设备考核等。

仿海洋环境下地质勘探仪器的沉放与曳引实验

围绕仪器下沉速度和抗底流推曳等问题,通过模拟实验提出有效的技术解决方法,为即将开展的海底地质勘探奠定实验基础.

桥面板约束条件对钢筋混凝土拱桥力学性能影响的试验研究

针对某服役30余年的六跨钢筋混凝土拱桥制作了有机玻璃单跨缩尺模型,考虑桥面板不同约束情况(连续和分段)对拱桥模型开展了静、动力力学性能的试验研究。讨论了不同桥面板约束条件对结构静、动力力学性能的影响。研究表明,桥面板的约束情况对结构的刚度有很大程度的影响,桥面板约束越强,结构的频率越高,结构的动力性能越好;桥面板的约束情况对结构水平向动力特性(包括频率和振型)的影响高于竖直方向;桥面板中部的约束情况对整个结构基本频率的影响最为显著。通过试验结果与原型观测结果的比较,确定了能够较好反映原型结构力学性能的模型结构;为进一步开展钢筋混凝土拱桥损伤识别的模型试验和理论分析研究建立了基础。

Research on optimization of valve open time of the launch barge's ballast tanks

Launch barge is an effective tool for transporting ship segments from one place to another in shipyards. During shifting of segments onto a barge, the slideway on the barge＇s deck must be adjusted to maintain the same level as the wharf and also the barge must be kept level by adjusting the water in the ballast tanks. When to open the adjusting valves is an important factor influencing the barge＇s trim during the water-adjustment process. Because these adjustments are complex a mathematical model was formulated,after analyzing the characteristics of the process of moving the segments onto the barges deck, and considering the effects of this movement＇s speed and variations in tidal levels during the move. Then the model was solved by the penalty function method, the grid method, and improved simulated annealing, respectively. The best optimization model and its corresponding solution were then determined. Finally, it was proven that the model and the method adopted are correct and suitable, by calculating and analysing an example.

ROV Based Underwater Blurred Image Restoration

In this paper, we present a method of ROV based image processing to restore underwater blurry images from the theory of light and image transmission in the sea. Computer is used to simulate the maximum detection range of the ROV under different water body conditions. The receiving irradiance of the video camera at different detection ranges is also calculated. The ROV’s detection performance under different water body conditions is given by simulation. We restore the underwater blurry images using the Wiener filter based on the simulation. The Wiener filter is shown to be a simple useful method for underwater image restoration in the ROV underwater experiments. We also present examples of restored images of an underwater standard target taken by the video camera in these experiments.

Modeling underwater transport of oil spilled from deepwater area in the South China Sea

Based on a Lagrangian integral technique and Lagrangian particle-tracking technique,a numerical model was developed to simulate the underwater transport of oil from a deepwater spill. This model comprises two submodels: a plume dynamics model and an advection-diffusion model. The former is used to simulate the stages dominated by the initial jet momentum and plume buoyancy of the spilled oil,while the latter is used to simulate the stage dominated by the ambient current and turbulence. The model validity was verified through comparisons of the model predictions with experimental data from several laboratory flume experiments and a field experiment. To demonstrate the capability of the model further,it was applied to the simulation of a hypothetical oil spill occurring at the seabed of a deepwater oil/gas field in the South China Sea. The results of the simulation would be useful for contingency planning with regard to the emergency response to an underwater oil spill.

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.

Effect of cushion and cover on moisture distribution in clay embankments in southern China

To achieve durability of the embankment in southern China,a method to control the change of moisture content with the cushion and cover was proposed.A finite element model of cushion and cover considering different materials and thicknesses for a typical embankment was built,and 20 numerical analyses of transient seepage in the embankment were simulated.The results show that the sand cushion effectively blocks the effect of groundwater capillary rise and the minimum thickness of the sand cushion is 75 cm without considering the atmospheric environment.With the combination of sand cushion and clay cover,as the thickness of the clay cover increases,the duration time of the moisture content from the initial to relative equilibrium state increases,but the equilibrium moisture content is the same as that of the original embankment.Besides,with the combination of the sand cushion and sand cover,the moisture content inside the embankment remains the same,which is consistent with the optimum moisture content during construction.The combination of 75 cm sand cushion and 30 cm sand cover is a very effective method to block groundwater and atmospheric environment,and achieve the control of the humidity stability of the embankment in southern China.