电导法测定地下水中溶解性总固体的研究

本文详细论述了电导法测定水中溶解性总固体的原理、方法,并从准确度、精密度和实际地下水样测定三个方面与目前普遍采用的重量法进行了比较,实验结果表明,重量法与电导法回收率范围分别为81.90％～84.84％和99.33％～104.50％;标准偏差范围分别为3.06～3.68和0.56～1.93;变异系数范围为3.61％～4.35％和0.65％～1.84％,由此可见,重量法比电导法回收率低,标准偏差和差异系数都大。重量法测定值比电导法低的主要原因是大庆地区地下水溶解的盐类以碳酸盐和重碳酸盐为主,在加热烘干的过程中分解生成CO_2和H_2O而损失掉了。因此,重量法不适合作为水中溶解性总固体的测定。

溶解性总固体测定方法的改进

水中溶解性总固体主要用重量法测定，以蒸发皿作为恒重容器，但蒸发皿体积大，质量大，蒸发过程中容易落灰，结果干扰凶素多，且不便于大批样品的测定。本文改用高形烧杯恒重，并与原方法的测定结果进行比较。结果报告如下：

饮用水溶解性总固体与总硬度、氯化物、硫酸盐的相关分析

水中溶解性总固体是评价水质矿化程度的重要依据,其成份主要包括钙、镁、钠的碳酸盐、氯化物和硫酸盐,为了解溶解性总固体与总硬度、氯化物、硫酸盐(以下简称“三项”)的相关性,进行了相关分析,结果报告如下。

海水含沙量分析测定研究探讨

在海区的水文测验中，由于海水含有大量的盐类，一般舍盐度都在10‰～30‰左右，严重影响到含沙量的测定。所以，对海水中的含沙量的分析测定在一定程度上成为一个难点。就此难点进行了探讨，初步找出了解决此问题的办法。

基于GSM的直饮水机远程网络化控制平台设计

针对直饮水机普遍存在的饮用水水质安全隐患、不易管理等问题,提出了一种基于GSM和Internet的直饮水机远程网络化控制平台的设计方案。分别设计了上位机模块、通信模块和下位机模块,设计了一种网站形式的信息交互平台,实现了可视化和人性化的操作与信息反馈;充分发挥了GSM和Internet网络两种通信手段的优势,通过采用短消息与网络通信相结合的信息传输方式,实现了信息的远程传递;根据双频电导率测定法原理,设计了一种基于CS5460A测量芯片的可集成饮用水水质检测模块,结合下位机各子模块的设计,实现了对直饮水机的水质监测与自动控制功能。研究结果表明,直饮水机远程网络化控制平台可方便地实现对直饮水机的水质监测、预警、实时维护、信息管理和远程控制等功能,确保直饮水机的饮用水水质安全。

Effective Solid Removal Technologies for Wash-Water Treatment to Allow Water Reuse in the Fresh-Cut Fruit and Vegetable Industry

Large quantities of fresh water are used intensively in the washing, cutting, peeling and disinfection of fruits and vegetables, resulting in high solids loading of the wash-water. Review of the literature shows that there is limited information available on how to treat this wash-water on-site. Accordingly, an investigative program was established by sampling wash-water from two industrial partners processing root vegetables to determine the best available approach. Bench scale technologies tested for solids removal were dissolved air flotation （DAF） and centrifuge, followed by ultraviolet （UV） disinfection to evaluate the potential for water reuse. The results showed that DAF and centrifuge were able to remove solids at an efficiency greater than 95%. The DAF process was also able to remove higher levels of dissolved matter and nutrients in comparison to the centrifuge. The DAF process was also able to produce waters with higher transmittance, which leads to improved filtration and UV disinfection for water reuse. Membrane filtration feasibility testing showed that high quality waters can be produced as low as 2 NTU and 4 NTU, following pretreatment with DAF and centrifuge, respectively. However, filtration was unable to remove E. coll. Collimated beam results show that UV disinfection is needed to allow for water reuse.

Study on China＇s Policy Text for Municipal Solid Waster Power Generation

Chinese government has initiated many preferential policies for supporting the circular economy, including the industry of municipal solid waste （MSW） power generation. This paper collects relevant policies for China＇s MSW power generation. It also analyzes the overall environment of policies for the MSW power generation from three aspects---the basic principles for China to develop MSW power generation, the operating mechanism and the specific preferential policies. The analysis establishes foundation for further research toward policy integration.

生活饮用水溶解性总固体测定不确定度评定

随着我国实验室资质认定工作的深入，不确定度越来越受到重视，测量不确定度的评定是检验工作中的重要技术组成部分，是进行实验室计量认证和实验室认可的必要条件之一，不确定度评定方法基于所考虑的不确定度来源的范围以及评定不确定度所站的角度不同而异。现对生活饮用水中溶解性总固体的不确定度进行初步的评定，找出影响测定结果的因素，定量的表征测量结果的质量，确定测量结果的可信程度，并简化生活饮用水中溶解性总固体的不确定度评定方法。