2001-2010年东洞庭湖湿地NDVI指数的水位响应

利用TIMESAT拟合2001年至2010年东洞庭湖的 MODIS-NDVI 数据,获得整个东洞庭湖湿地A及湿地西侧B和南侧C三个区域的NDVI时间序列.通过分析ND-VI时间序列与水位变化关系、绘制样本自相关曲线及计算Spearman秩相关系数（ρs ）,研究了东洞庭湖湿地植被覆盖和水位变化两方面功能状态,并探讨东洞庭湖湿地植被覆盖对水位变化的响应.研究表明：1）东洞庭的植被覆盖状况受水位作用是以年为周期,每周期内的4月及10月底出现一个峰值,丰水期7月份出现一个降低过程；二次多项式拟合显示植被覆盖峰值的水位临界点在24~25m 左右.2）三个研究区植被受湖泊水位作用大小关系是：A区＆lt;B区＆lt;C区,其主要影响因素是植被类型与区域高程的差异.3）在2003,2006及2009年这三个三峡的重要蓄水年,位于水陆交错带的 NDVI 值与水位的秩相关系数变化较大；三峡蓄水水位从135 m上升至175 m的这三年,三区域全年的ρs分别增长至0.641,0.687,0.518,相关性增强.三峡蓄水对东洞庭湖植被覆盖与湖泊水位关系产生一定影响.

鄂西岩溶槽谷区洼地的水位响应特征及产流阈值估算

以湖北省兴山县黄粮镇刘家坝和龙湾两处岩溶洼地作为研究对象,利用其降雨、水文和土壤水等监测数据,探讨灌入式补给条件下洼地汇流的水位响应特征和产流特点,并基于降雨量和洼地内明渠流量的关系,采用数学拟合方程,估算两处洼地的降雨产流阈值,进而分析了影响产流阈值的因素。结果表明:降雨强度增大,产流阈值减小;土壤前期含水率越大,越有利于坡面产流;落水洞和岩溶泉水位与降雨有较好的同步响应关系,水位变化曲线随雨强大小分别表现出“陡升陡降”和“缓升缓降”的特点;刘家坝和龙湾洼地的产流阈值分别为7.4 mm和10.6 mm。

基于洪湖湿地生态水位控制的地下水位响应关系研究

以洪湖湿地为研究对象,利用洪湖湿地地下水监测数据、洪湖挖沟咀水位站和长江螺山水文站逐日平均水位数据,阐述2011—2020年洪湖水位变化,计算洪湖湿地最低生态水位,分析洪湖湿地生态水位控制、地表水和地下水动态特征。通过洪湖湿地最低生态水位控制的湿地生态水位预警分析,提出了维系洪湖湖泊最低生态水位的洪湖近岸潜水水位预警建议值。

苏南运河无锡站警戒水位核定水文分析

近年苏南运河无锡段水文情势变化较大,河段警戒水位需要调整以适应新的防洪形势;通过分析1954—2021年以来苏南运河无锡站降雨-水位响应关系、涨退水速率、区域代表站水位趋势、超不同等级水位天数等水文要素变化,采用时段降雨频率、降雨-水位涨幅关系计算无锡站警戒水位取值范围,根据警戒水位核定原则,并综合考虑各种相关因素,核定新的苏南运河无锡站警戒水位,为无锡地区防汛工程的科学、有序开展提供技术支撑。

汶川地震近区深层井孔-含水层系统水位异常响应研究

本文探析了汶川地震近区深层井孔-含水层系统在不受水量交换的影响下地下水位的动态变化特征。结果表明,大地震的发生往往能够引起较大范围内深层井孔-含水层系统地下水位明显的异常变化,地震引起的地下水位异常变化特征比较复杂,具有异常形态变化多样,变化幅度不等,变化空间分布不均一,时间分布多阶段以及随时空分布迁移等特点。同时,认为引起汶川地震震时和震后井孔-含水层系统水位异常的机理主要有两个:地震发生时映秀—北川断裂两侧岩体发生错动,引起沿岩体破裂方向(NE)断层附近含水层的地下水位发生显著的突变现象;地震波的传播作用引起云南一带地下水位发生振荡现象。

耦合营养负荷的查干湖全季节适宜生态水位阈值研究

适宜生态水位作为反应湖泊水文情势的重要指标,是维持湖泊生态系统稳定的关键要素。已有研究大多集中于水文过程对生态系统影响,缺乏耦合考虑湖泊营养负荷的全季节生态水位阈值研究。本研究在刻画恢复天然水位情势的基础上,综合考虑了人类活动导致湖泊营养负荷的季节性波动以及冰封期的最小生态水位,构建了适用于季节性冰封湖泊全季节的适宜生态水位阈值获取的综合框架,确定了年内不同时期适宜生态水位阈值。结果表明,查干湖入湖口非冰封期的总氮(TN)浓度与平均水位均呈上升趋势,总磷(TP)浓度呈下降趋势;6月湖内TN和TP滞留量最高,分别达到1044.36和23.61 t;确定了查干湖全季节不同时期的适宜生态水位,冰封期(11月—次年4月)为129m,汛期(6—9月)为130.15~130.86 m,非汛期(5和10月)为130.08~130.57 m。研究结果可为季节性冰封湖泊的适宜生态水位研究提供方法支撑,也可为湖泊的水环境管理提供理论支撑。

基于水质-水位二元响应关系推求过水型湖泊适宜生态水位研究

适宜的生态水位能够反映湖区生态系统的多种需求,是湖泊长期稳定健康运转的基本保障.目前湖泊适宜生态水位的推求大多侧重恢复天然水位情势.然而过水型湖泊承担着防洪、供水、航运等多种功能,频繁的人类活动导致湖泊水位情势异常复杂.同时随着社会经济的快速发展,水质恶化对过水型湖泊生态系统造成了较大的负面影响,仅恢复天然水位情势难以反映过水型湖泊的生态需求.因此,在IHA-RVA法的基础上,本文针对过水型湖泊吞吐性强的特点,利用水质-水位二元响应关系系统地提出了一套逐月修正过水型湖泊适宜生态水位阈值,并确定适宜水位变动率的方法.以洪泽湖为应用实例,结果表明:1)根据湖泊水文情势和入湖污染物变化情况,湖泊调度周期可以划分为平水期(1-4月)、泄水期(5-6月)、蓄水前期(7-9月)和蓄水后期(10-12月);2)各时期内,洪泽湖水位和水质呈现较强的相关性,其中平水期、泄水期和蓄水后期水质均随着水位上升而下降,平均Pearson系数达-0.77,仅在蓄水前期水质随水位上升而改善;3)现阶段洪泽湖的自净能力和污染物滞留比例竞争关系激烈,逐月适宜生态水位阈值为:12.92~12.99、12.79~12.99、12.84~12.99、12.86~12.99、12.71~12.89、12.39~12.63、11.97~12.93、12.50~13.07、12.65~13.26、12.90~13.04、12.90~13.04、12.90~13.04 m,除蓄水前期外,基于水位水质关系修正的适宜生态水位范围较IHA-RVA法计算的天然水位范围缩小了73.4%.总体而言,基于本文方法设计的湖泊适宜生态水位不仅可以满足生态系统对于水体大小的需求,一定程度上也可以体现湖泊生态系统对于水质的要求,为洪泽湖等过水型湖泊的生态调度、水资源管理提供科学依据.

三峡工程对下游地下水动态的影响

本文通过分析三峡蓄水工程各个时间节点处,下游地区江水位以及中下游地区地下水位的动态变化特征,进而揭示研究区地下水位对三峡工程蓄水的响应迟滞和影响持续时间。结果表明:三峡大坝阶段性竣工后蓄水工程对中下游地区江水位有一定影响,具体表现为越远离大坝水位变化越小。到研究区位置长江水位受三峡蓄水工程影响水位下降1.3m/期,三峡库区每期蓄水工程造成研究区地下水位下降约0.35m,并且蓄水开始1.5年内水位波动较蓄水开始1.5年后大。研究区地下水位动态对每期三峡大坝蓄水工程的响应时间会持续1.5年。研究结果将对大型水利工程兴建造成中下游地区地下水位变化可能带来的资源开发利用及地质灾害等影响提供参考和指导意义。

地震地下水动态研究中的若干问题

综合分析了近年来国内外地震地下水研究中的一些热点问题,包括地下水动态影响因素及其相关的数据处理方法、水位同震响应及机理解释、水温同震响应及其机理、地下水反映的断层活动低频信息几个方面,探讨了地震地下水位变动与应力应变的关系,展望了地震地下水研究的发展方向。

永定河2020年春季生态补水对北京地下水涵养效果分析

为研究地表水对地下水的涵养效果,以2020年永定河春季生态补给过程为例,分析了永定河补水期间河道沿岸126眼地下水观测井的水位与水质等数据。研究结果显示,永定河生态补水2个月后,第四系地下水位上升区面积超过了450 km^(2),基岩地下水位上升区面积超过190 km^(2)。受含水介质类型和河道过水量及水头的影响,基岩水的上升幅度最大可接近24 m,远远大于第四系地下水的升幅。地表水补给地下水后,地下水中的重碳酸盐和硝酸盐氮的浓度有所下降。永定河春季生态补水对沿岸地下水补给量约9800万m^(3)。

神府煤田张家峁煤矿烧变岩与水库水力联系研究

为了张家峁煤矿5-2煤工作面安全回采和常家沟水库水资源保护,根据水文地质调查结果,采用水位流量响应法确定了水库水是陈家塔沟泉水的来源;按照水库、烧变岩、泉点的地质关系分析了水库补给泉水的通道,认为4-2煤烧变岩与水库存在水力联系,为开采煤层上覆烧变岩帷幕截流工程提供了重要的依据。烧变岩帷幕截流工程及相应水文地质工作证明了研究成果。

Geoelectric response of porous media in water and grout injection processes

Significant changes in spontaneous potential and exciting currents are observed during water and grout injection in a simulated porous media. Obvious correlations between the seepage flow field and the electric field in the porous media are identified.In this work, a detailed experimental study of geoelectric field variation occurring in water migration was reported by analyzing water and grout injection processes in a simulated porous media. The spontaneous potential varies linearly with the thickness of unsaturated porous media. Very interestingly, the spontaneous potential generated in the second grout injection exhibits some"memory" of previous grouting paths. The decreases in spontaneous potential observed during grout injection is very probably due to that the spontaneous potential variations are primarily caused by electro-filtration potential, as indicated by the far larger viscosity of grout compared to that of water. The geoelectric response can be utilized to effectively identify the grouting paths in water-bearing rocks.

Tidal Response Characteristics of the Well Water Level in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region

In this paper,the long time series data of the well water-level data of 12 wells in the Sichuan and Yunnan area is analyzed by the Baytap-G tidal analysis software,and well water level tidal response characteristic parameters( amplitude ratio and phase change)are extracted. We analyzed the features of the shape and stage change,and characteristic parameters of the tidal response of well water level before and after the earthquakes,which can provide a new method and approach to analyzing the response relationships between well water level and earth tide and barometric pressure. The results show that Luguhu Well and 9 other wells are affected by earth tides,and their well water level amplitude ratios and phases are relatively stable; the Nanxi Well and Dayao Well water level changes are affected by the barometric pressure combined with tide force,and their well water level amplitude ratios and phases are more discrete. The water level amplitude ratios and phases of Jiangyou Well,Luguhu Well and Dongchuan Well are significant to large earthquakes,and the relationship between seismic energy density and water level amplitude ratios and phases of M_2 wave of the three wells are presented.

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Co-seismic Response of Water Levels in the Jiaji Well

In this study, we analyze the co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well to strong earthquakes （Ms ≥7. 8） from 2001 to 2010 at an epicentrai distance less than 8000km. We investigated the co-seismic variation form of water levels, and analyzed the relationship between the amplitude of water level variation and the magnitude and the epicentral distance. We then checked the seismic wave phases when the changes of water level occurred. It was shown that： （1） the water level＇s co-seismic response is mainly characterized by escalation with no oscillation; （2） the amplitude of water level change has a certain connection with epicentral distance and magnitude; （3） co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well shows a certain directivity; （4） most of the co-seismic responses were caused by surface waves, and some by long-period S waves.

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Coseismic Response of Water Levels Recorded in Three Wells in Hainan,China to the Two Sumatra-Andaman Strong Earthquakes

The characteristics of seismic water level fluctuations of the two Sumatra-Andaman strong earthquakes with magnitude 8.7 and 8.5 on December 26,2004 and March 29,2005 recorded at Jiaji well,Qionghai,Hainan were analyzed,the features of the infrequent "step" changes of well water level after the two earthquakes were also analyzed and the mechanism of the "step change" of well water level was discussed.Then the high-sample-rate digital observation data of seismically-induced water level fluctuations of the Sumatra-Andaman strong earthquakes with magnitude 8.7 and 8.5 recorded at Nanbin well,Sanya and Tanniu well,Wenchang were analyzed.The results suggest that the dominant period of the seismic well water level fluctuation in all three wells was comparatively accordant,the amplitudes of seismic water level fluctuation of the same earthquake in different wells were clearly different,the time duration of seismic water level fluctuations of different earthquakes at the same well was also clearly different.