浅析土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护

土壤磷素水平对环境有着重要影响,当土壤磷素水平过高时,会引发一系列环保问题。本文通过对土地污染修复及治理方向的探讨,强调了控制土壤磷素水平的必要性。在治理方向上,本文倡导综合使用多种施磷方法,合理控制磷素水平,为实现可持续发展提供保障。

水产养殖与水体环境保护相互关系的分析

分析了水产养殖对水体环境污染的原因,提出了加强水产养殖环境保护的措施。

灰色关联分析在浅层地下水环境质量评价中的应用

在井田浅层地下水分析测试资料的基础上 ,采用灰色关联评价方法对浅层地下水环境质量的现状进行评价。简要评述了灰色关联分析方法的应用原理。确定了各采样点水体的质量等级。为将来矿井设计。

浅述屠宰废水处理工程——以开封市丰润肉类加工有限公司年屠宰100万头生猪项目为例

屠宰废水中有机物含量高是一种难处理的有机废水,由于不同屠宰场釆用不同的处理工艺,使得此类废水的水质不尽相同,增大了日常的处理难度。本文以开封市丰润肉类加工有限公司年屠宰100万头生猪项目为例,浅析屠宰废水的处理方式,实现屠宰废水的有效治理对人类健康和保护水体环境具有重要意义。

Mechanisms and assessment of water eutrophication

Water eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem in recent years,and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication.In this paper,recent advances in current status and major mechanisms of water eutrophication,assessment and evaluation criteria,and the influencing factors were reviewed.Water eutrophication in lakes,reservoirs,estuaries and rivers is widespread all over the world and the severity is increasing,especially in the developing countries like China.The assessment of water eutrophication has been advanced from simple individual parameters like total phosphorus,total nitrogen,etc.,to comprehensive indexes like total nutrient status index.The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment,hydrodynamics,environmental factors such as temperature,salinity,carbon dioxide,element balance,etc.,and microbial and biodiversity.The occurrence of water eutrophication is actually a complex function of all the possible influencing factors.The mechanisms of algal blooming are not fully understood and need to be further investigated.

Natural water purification and water management by artificial groundwater recharge

Worldwide,several regions suffer from water scarcity and contamination.The infiltration and subsurface storage of rain and river water can reduce water stress.Artificial groundwater recharge,possibly combined with bank filtration,plant purification and/or the use of subsurface dams and artificial aquifers,is especially advantageous in areas where layers of gravel and sand exist below the earth's surface.Artificial infiltration of surface water into the uppermost aquifer has qualitative and quantitative advantages.The contamination of infiltrated river water will be reduced by natural attenuation.Clay minerals,iron hydroxide and humic matter as well as microorganisms located in the subsurface have high decontamination capacities.By this,a final water treatment,if necessary,becomes much easier and cheaper.The quantitative effect concerns the seasonally changing river discharge that influences the possibility of water extraction for drinking water purposes.Such changes can be equalised by seasonally adapted infiltration/extraction of water in/out of the aquifer according to the river discharge and the water need.This method enables a continuous water supply over the whole year.Generally,artificially recharged groundwater is better protected against pollution than surface water,and the delimitation of water protection zones makes it even more save.

The effects of electrochemical oxidation on in-vivo fluorescence and toxin content in Microcystis aeruginosa culture

The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies is a serious threat to the environment. Efficient in-lake treatment methods for the control of cyanobacteria proliferation are needed, their in-vivo detection to obtain a real-time response to their presence, as well as the information about their physiological state after the applied treatment. In-vivo fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic pigments have proved to be effective for quantitative and qualitative detection of phytoplankton in a water environment. In the experiment, chlorophyll and phycocyanin fluorescence sensors were used concurrently to detect stress caused by electrochemical oxidation applying an electrolytic cell equipped with borondoped diamond electrodes on a laboratory culture of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. The inflicted injuries were reflected in a clear transient increase in the phycocyanin fluorescence signal(for 104 %? 43%) 24 h after the treatment, which was not the case for the chlorophyll fluorescence signal. In the next 72 h of observation, the fluorescence signals decreased(on 40% of the starting signal) indicating a reduction of cell number, which was confirmed by cell count(24% reduction of the starting concentration) and analysis of extracted chlorophyll and phycocyanin pigment. These results demonstrate the viability of the combined application of two sensors as a useful tool for in-vivo detection of induced stress, providing real-time information needed for the evaluation of the efficiency of the in-lake treatment and decision upon the necessity of its repetition. The electrochemical treatment also resulted in a lower free microcystins concentration compared to control.

Effects of sediment and its re-suspension on the growth of Vallisneria asiatica Miki

Aquatic macrophytic growth and its distribution in eutrophic lakes are described in relation to its sediment type and irradiance. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the response of macrophytic growth to lake sediment and its re-suspension. We conducted two independent experiments to measure the effects of sediment and its re-suspension on the growth of Vallisneria asiatica Miki. Based on our study, we conclude that the amount of total biomass of V. asiatica is related, in important ways, to the type of sediment and its re-suspension. According to our comparison, plants and biomass cultured on lake sediments are 2.1 times and 1.5 times greater than that on brown clay from nearby places beside Lake Taihu. The number of plants and the amount of biomass in a turbid water column are smaller than those in a clear water column. The results indicate that the nutrient-rich lake sediments have promoted the growth of V. asiatica, while the re-suspension of the sediment leads to a high turbid level and low light penetration which has a negative impact on the growth of V. asiatica.