水仙的栽培习性与雕刻水养技术

水仙株丛低矮清秀，叶姿秀美，花型奇特，花色淡雅，花香浓郁，清香远溢，亭亭玉立水中，被冠有“凌波仙子”雅号。在百花凋零的北方严冬，特别是在元旦、春节等喜庆之日能为人们带来一片春意，为家居生活增光添彩，深受人们喜爱。

笔架水仙的水养技术

水仙花素雅清香，只需一碟清水，几粒石子，就能寒冬萌翠吐芳，经常作为“岁朝清供”的年花，其花还可提取香精，作为高级香精的原料。笔架水仙是经过艺术加工后水养而成的。其加工要点是选球、雕刻、造型等。

水仙花的雕刻与水养技术

漳州水仙天生丽质,淡装素裹,通过传统的艺术雕刻方法,将水仙球经过一定的艺术加工,雕刻或拼扎成动物、花篮、茶壶等造型,宛如一幅幅有生命力的艺术品,在百花凋零的寒冬、在元旦新春佳节可以根据人们所需定时开放,因而倍受人们的喜爱,是装点居室、馈赠亲友的绝佳礼品。水仙花的雕刻与艺术造型将花卉与盆景完美地结合起来,形成无声的诗、立体的画。

水仙花的雕刻与水养技术

本文介绍了水仙花雕刻核技术从球茎选择、雕刻技术、水养技术、矮化处理及预降哑花待几个方面总结水仙花雕刻须注意的几个问题。

富贵竹的水养技术

富贵竹性喜湿润及稍遮阴的环境，喜散射光．忌烈日曝晒，宜疏松透气肥沃的土壤。富贵竹可盆栽，也可用水养或瓶插养护。

水仙水养技术和花期控制

水仙在中国传统节日——春节中有相当分量,也是传统节日观赏花卉之一。水仙促成栽培管理方法简捷、方便、卫生,有色、香、姿共赏,体小玲珑,秀雅,易于布置室内等优点,深受家庭喜爱。

浅谈水仙花的水养技术

水仙花属石蒜科草本花卉，中国水仙是多花水仙类中的一种，是我国十大名花之一，深受海内外各界人士、专家和用户的喜爱。为使用户更好地掌握水仙花球培养技术，本文介绍了水仙花的水养技术。

春节水仙雕刻艺术

水仙花色素雅温馨,气味清香怡人,在室内摆上一盆精心雕刻培育的水仙,情趣顿生.春节来临之际,更添几分喜气.

Mechanisms and assessment of water eutrophication

Water eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem in recent years,and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication.In this paper,recent advances in current status and major mechanisms of water eutrophication,assessment and evaluation criteria,and the influencing factors were reviewed.Water eutrophication in lakes,reservoirs,estuaries and rivers is widespread all over the world and the severity is increasing,especially in the developing countries like China.The assessment of water eutrophication has been advanced from simple individual parameters like total phosphorus,total nitrogen,etc.,to comprehensive indexes like total nutrient status index.The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment,hydrodynamics,environmental factors such as temperature,salinity,carbon dioxide,element balance,etc.,and microbial and biodiversity.The occurrence of water eutrophication is actually a complex function of all the possible influencing factors.The mechanisms of algal blooming are not fully understood and need to be further investigated.

Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture

Diseases of cultured animal and environmental pollution are very important problems in aquaculture. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has more advantages than the use of antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture. This review introduces the use and mechanisms of the probiotics in aquaculture.

High efficiency of protoplast preparation for artificially cultured Ulva prolifera(Ulvophyceae,Chlorophyta)

Protoplast isolation was relevant for gene manipulation in U lva, and universal protocols have been proposed based on evaluation for various wildly collected species. However, only clonal laboratory cultures were practical for genetic transformation, and whether applicability of such universal protocol existed for these artificial cultures has never been investigated. In this research, samples in different physiological states or developmental stages were tested in U. prolifera. The results proved that the protoplast yields were strongly dependent on the characteristics of samples. Neither F_v/F_m value nor chlorophyll content exhibited an ideal correlation with the protoplast yields. Alternatively, specific growth rate, coupled with developmental stage, could serve as an ef fective combined index to determine the right time for protoplast isolation. According to this instruction, here we reported the highest yields of protoplast((31.5±1.9)×10~6 cells/g f. wt.) in U. prolifera, following comparison between protocols, and further optimizations on enzyme content, incubation period, starting biomass and pretreatment. This specified protocol for artificially cultured clonal samples could meet the need for protoplast-mediated genetic transformation in U. prolifera.

DNA barcoding of the family Sparidae along the coast of China and revelation of potential cryptic diversity in the IndoWest Pacific oceans based on COI and 16S rRNA genes

Sparids are of considerable economic importance in marine fishery and aquaculture in China, and the species diversity of this group is considered relatively high. However, the accurate species identification and delimitation of sparids in China remain unaddressed. In this study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit ?(COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA(16S) genes to conduct DNA barcoding and species delimitation in eleven sparid species from the coastal waters of China. Based on Kimura-2 parameter genetic distances, the mean intraspecific/interspecific variation for COI and 16S were calculated as 0.004/0.152 and 0.002/0.072, respectively. All the conspecific individuals formed monophyletic clusters in neighbour-joining trees of both markers. An obvious barcoding gap was detected for each species, and a common genetic threshold of 1.3% sequence divergence was defined for species delimitation in both markers. Although the sequence variation of 16S was generally lower than that of COI, the results indicated that sparid species could be ef fectively and accurately identified and delimited by COI as well as 16S. Thus, we propose that the COI gene serve as the standard DNA barcode for sparids, and that the 16S gene could also be an ideal candidate barcode. Moreover, each of the six sparid species( Argyrops spinifer, Rhabdosargus sarba, Dentex hypselosomus, Acanthopagrus latus, Acanthopagrus australis and Acanthopagrus berda) showed high intraspecific divergence(>1.3% genetic threshold) with the remarkable geographic lineages in the Indo-West Pacific oceans, which supported that potential unrecognized cryptic species were in them. The potential cryptic diversity revealed here might be primarily attributed to the allopatric divergences caused by the long-term geographic isolation between the Indian and West Pacific oceans or between the opposite sides of the Indian Ocean. The results further suggest that a revision of taxonomic status of these species is required, followed by development of a biodiversity conservation strategy.

Evaluating lake eutrophication with enhanced thematic mapper data in Wuhan

By analyzing the enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) images of September 1999, and quality observation data for many consecutive years in several parts of the Donghu Lake in Wuhan, China, the authors discovered a good linear relation between grey scale (GS) abstracted from ETM b5, b7 images and eutrophication level of the lakes, and extended the study to eight other major lakes in the area of Wu- han by using lake eutrophication models. Based on the in situ monitoring data, we also evaluated the eu- trophication level of the lakes with modified trophic index method brought by M. Aizaki et al. The results of the two methods showed that the most of the lakes were eutrophicated, and even hyper-eutrophicated in some areas. Six of the 8 lakes had very similar trophic state index (TSI) values. Although two of them differed in TSI value, but within an order, while it was different largely from the one by traditional method. The difference of the results between the two methods might have been due to three causative reasons. First, remote sensing technology reflects the overall status of a certain area corresponding to the ETM images in a certain period, but the modified TSI reflects the annual average values of the monitoring spots. Second, the time the ETM images taken is later than that of in situ data. Third, ETM images are affected by clouds, water depth, and suspended matter. In short, remote sensing result agreed greatly with the in situ monitoring data, indicating that remote sensing technology is feasible and effective for moni- toring and evaluating the lake eutrophication in the Wuhan area and it also can be used to evaluate large-scope lake eutrophication.

Identification of wild and farmed broadhead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus Günther,1864) based on morphometry,digestive indexes and flesh quality

Wild and farmed fish generally dif fer in their nutritional composition. In this study, adult wild and farmed broadhead catfish( Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864) were collected and were assessed for various characteristics, namely morphometrics, digestive indexes, and flesh quality. The morphometrics(standard length, body depth, eye width, fin height and tentacle length) and the digestive indexes(intestosomatic index, digestosomatic index, perivisceral fat index and activities of pepsin and lipase) diff ered significantly between the groups(P <0.05) and can be used to distinguish wild fish from farmed fish. In terms of protein synthesis capacity and color, the flesh quality was similar between the groups. However, radical scavenging activities and reducing power were significantly higher in the wild fish than in the farmraised group. The thermal transition characteristics of sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as myosin denaturation enthalpy and fatty acid profiles(C18:2 n6, C20:0, C22:1 n9, C24:0, Σpolyunsaturated fatty acids, and Σn–6) also exhibited potential to enable calls about the fish origin. The proximate chemical composition of whole body did not diff er between the two fish populations. Our findings suggest bioindicators, in terms of morphometrics, digestive indexes and flesh quality, that can be used to identify the origin of fish for forensic purposes, of for conservation biology of this near threatened species. The new nutritional information may be of interest to marketing, consumers, and has a connection to nutritional eff ects on human health.