风机桨叶用PVC和巴塞木雷击电弧损伤的分子模拟研究

雷击电弧热效应下风机桨叶夹层材料PVC和巴塞木的损伤机制尚不明晰。该文对PVC和巴塞木开展冲击大电流实验,发现在雷击电弧热效应下,PVC和巴塞木残余强度明显下降,且PVC下降速度更快。采用分子反应动力学仿真手段,对PVC和巴塞木的损伤机制进行研究,发现:冲击热场下,纤维素(巴塞木主要成分)大分子链逐渐断裂,聚合度呈波动下降,而PVC聚合度下降幅度比纤维素小。峰值温度为1498K时,PVC产气量远大于纤维素,而当峰值温度升至2998K时,纤维素产气量逐渐与PVC持平。纤维素分子通过氢键吸附较多水分子,在高温作用下水分受热膨胀成为纤维素损伤的关键因素,而PVC中水分含量较少。上述结果可为不同环境的风机叶片夹层材料优化选型提供参考。

玉米淀粉浓度对酶法制备直链麦芽低聚糖的影响

为研究浓度对玉米淀粉酶解过程和产物的影响,以直链麦芽低聚糖含量和产率为指标,探究了直链麦芽低聚糖生成酶(Bst-MFA酶)对不同浓度(质量分数)玉米淀粉的酶解过程,并对相关机理进行了分析。结果表明,玉米淀粉质量分数由10%提高至50%时,酶解24h后直链麦芽低聚糖和主产物麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖的含量均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,且二者均在45%的底物质量分数时达到最大值,分别为344.47和192.33mg/g;而直链麦芽低聚糖的产率逐渐降低。其主要原因可能是:随底物浓度的增加,液化和糖化过程中体系黏度增大,水分子运动性降低,体系中自由水明显减少,且酶在不同浓度玉米淀粉中的作用模式存在差异,使得高浓度条件下其对玉米淀粉的水解作用不够充分,直链麦芽低聚糖的产率呈下降趋势。该研究可为工业生产中直链麦芽低聚糖的酶法制备提供参考依据。

Molecular dynamics simulation of water transport through graphene-based nanopores: Flow behavior and structure characteristics

The flow behavior of pressure-driven water infiltration through graphene-based slit nanopores has been studied by molecular simulation.The simulated flow rate is close to the experimental values,which demonstrates the reasonability of simulation results.Water molecules can spontaneously infiltrate into the nanopores,but an external driving force is generally required to pass through the whole pores.The exit of nanopore has a large obstruction on the water effusion.The flow velocity within the graphene nanochannels does not display monotonous dependence upon the pore width,indicating that the flow is related to the microscopic structures of water confined in the nanopores.Extensive structures of confined water are characterized in order to understand the flow behavior.This simulation improves the understanding of graphene-based nanofluidics,which helps in developing a new type of membrane separation technique.