广东白石嶂钼矿环水利用及尾矿处理工艺的改进

广东白石嶂钼矿选厂生产运行时,φ53 m浓密池中的尾矿浆浓度高,难以沉降,选矿工艺流程供排水量和浓密池矿浆流量不平衡,造成环水水质差、尾矿处理效率低等问题.针对该现状,采取了一系列的改进措施.通过稀释尾矿至浓度15％ ～20％、添加絮凝剂非离子型聚丙烯酰胺溶液(0.5‰)+聚合氯化铝溶液(1‰)15 +30 g/t,提高了浓密池的尾矿浆沉降速度和底流浓度,显著改善了溢流水质;通过改造浓密池与搅拌桶之间的回浆管道等措施提高尾矿处理效率,同时完善工艺技术措施,较好地解决了尾矿处理、选矿环水利用存在的问题,为矿山持续稳定生产创造了有利条件.

水利水电规划环境影响评价不确定性分析及应对措施探究

由于水利水电规划环境影响评价存在一定的不确定性,不仅影响生态环境,也影响水利水电工程的正常运行,为此,本文利用蒙氏模拟算法计算出水利水电规划环境风险概率,并将其转变为不确定性问题求解,以此完成水利水电规划环境影响评价不确定性分析,并给出相应的应对措施,以降低水利水电规划环境影响评价的不确定性,增强水利水电的环保性。

金矿矿区水工环地质灾害危险性评估方法

随着我国经济不断的发展,人们的生活水平有了明显的提高,但是由于过度的采矿,地质被严重的破坏,严重影响了人们的日常生活。根据我国可持续发展的战略部署,对金矿矿区的建设进行水利环地质灾害的危险性评估,并且保证施工方案科学性的基础上,制定金矿矿区水利环地质灾害危险性评估方法。本文通过大量详细的户外勘察以及室内试验,发掘出影响水利环地质灾害的内在条件。通过对水利环地质灾害危险性评估方法的深入研究,达到对金矿矿区水利环地质灾害危险性的全面认识。

水工环地质在地质灾害治理中的应用

由于国内经济社会逐渐进步,导致在生态环境开始逐渐被破坏的更加迅速,而且此趋势不止是对于整个生态造成了影响,更加严重的是对地表下地质的破坏,如果没有将在地质灾害的治理落到实处,将会使得地质灾害走向更为严重的后果,因此必须将治理工作提上日程。在此期间,为确保治理工作的有效,需要一些必要的技术给予帮助,其中,最为关键的便是水工环地质技术,借助于此技术是比较重要的一个手段,相应水工环地质勘察技术的应用更是可以表现出较强的工作实效性,对于后续地质灾害治理提供较强参考资料,该方面的研究具备较强价值意义。

强化尾矿系统技改增强选矿环保效果

针对梅山选矿一期生产过程中层矿系统存在的环保问题，总结选矿二期建设和生产中层矿系统技术改造后，提高环水利用串和矿山环保的成效。

Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the Surroundings of Hydropower Projects under Construction in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.

Humble View on Soil Water Resources

Soil water is one of renewable water resources.Some properties of soil water concerning with its availability to plant are briefly described.An equation for estimating the amount of soil water resource is presented.Based on the evaporation demand of atmosphere,the evaluation coefficient for soil water resource is suggested.

Potential contributions to Beijing's water supply from reuse of storm-and greywater

In order to find new approaches to alleviating the water crisis in Beijing which is caused by among others dwindling precipitation and rapid growth of population and manifests in a rapidly declining groundwater table this study explores decentralized stormwater harvesting and greywater reuse at household level as a means to reduce groundwater abstraction and water transfer from other regions.Based on a desktop case study two concepts for combined harvesting and reusing of storm-and greywater are presented.With rough pre-assumptions calculations show that a saving of 67.8%of tap water consumption can be achieved with the upgrading concept compared with 5.9% with the simple downgrading concept.The saving with the upgrading concept equals 0.545 ×109 m3 annual water volume if 20 million Beijing people apply this approach.Despite numerous prerequisites such as water treatment technology space demand energy and cost and public acceptance this paper advocates combining stormwater harvesting and greywater reuse in households with other measures for Beijing’s sustainable water management.

Nitrogen Status and Utilization in Rhizosphere of Rice

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with hybrid rice (Ocyza Sativa L.) in order to stndy Nstatus and utilization in the rhizosphere of rice. The experiment was composed of three treatments: withoutN, ￣(15)NH_(4-) N and ￣(15) NO_(3-) N. Plant roots were separated from the soil by a nylon cloth, and 1 mm incrementsof soil, moving laterally away from the roots, were taken and analyzed for various N froms. The labelled Nin the plants ranged from 67.51% to 69.24% of the total amount of N absorbed by the rice seedlings withthe labelled fertilizer N treatments. This shows that the N in the plants came mainly from the fertilizers.However, the N absorbed by the rice seedlings accounted for less than 35% of the total amount of the Ndepletion in the soil near the rice roots, indicating an important N loss in the rhizosphere of rice. The soilredox potential (all treatments) and the concentration of the labelled NO_3-N (the labelled NH_(4-_)N treatmentonly) decreased as the distance from the rice roots increased in the rhizosphere of rice. In contrast, theconcentration of the labelled NH_(4-) N increased a.s the distance increased in the same soil zone. These resultssuggested that nitrification occurred in the soil around the rice roots. Therefore, the reason for the N lossin the rhizosphere of rice might be the NO_3 movement into the reductive non-rhizosphere soil (submerged)where denitrification can take place.

Study on the Definition and Allocation of the Rights to Water Utilization in the Ecological Environment

With the rapid development of population and economy, the conflict between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming outstanding increasingly, In China, many people concern about the problems of ecological environment water expenditure.However, owning to the shortage of water resources and indefinite water rights, “the hustle effect” of per capita water resource is appeared, Moreover. it caused a series of environment problems. This article differentiates and analyzes the relevant concepts about the ecological enviromnent, and puts forward the defined concept of the rights to the ecological environment water utilization. In addition, it points out the characteristic of those rights, and does elementary study on the allocation principle, methods, and steps on the rights.

High-rate removal of As(Ⅲ) from aqueous system with sulfhydryl magnetic biological bamboo charcoal nanocomposites prepared by chemical co-precipitation method

Sulfhydryl magnetic biological bamboo charcoal nanocomposite(BBC@nFe-SH)was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method for the robust capture of As(Ⅲ)from aqueous solutions.The novel BBC@nFe-SH shows favorable magnetic field strength(83376 A/m),which enables BBC@nFe-SH to be quickly recovered from aqueous solution.The maximum As(Ⅲ)adsorption capacity is as high as 98.63 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 40°C,reaching reaction equilibrium within 120 min.Various characterizations(e.g.,SEM,FTIR,VSM and XPS)suggest that As(Ⅲ)prefers to coordinate with surface oxygen groups bonded to the surface.BBC@nFe-SH displayed high stability and recyclability throughout the removal process,which could be easily activated by 1 mol/L NaOH after usage.Thus,the novel BBC@nFe-SH has promising applications for As(Ⅲ)treatment.

Concerning about the threat of the excessive hydropower exploitation on the Western Sichuan eco-environment

The concept that the economic development and supremacy hydropower energy are superior to any others leads to the excessive hydropower exploitation of the west Sichuan, deeply threatening the fragile eco-environment in this area and that of the whole Yangtze River and even of the whole country simultaneously. The present paper put forward that hydropower should be developed with ecological, social, and economical concern. The primary, extensive, circling-developing development model should be altered immediately, and that based on caring about eco-environment, being harmonious to the regional eco-environment should be highlighted, and sustainability of hydropower should be paid attention to.

An Integrated Planning for Rense and Wetland Strategyof Waste Water from Rural Enterprises: A Case Stndy

A waste water reuse engineering was designed and then operated in Hongshan, a small town in ZhejiangProvince, China, in order to solve pollution and shortage of water resources due to the development of ruralenterprises. The results showed that series-structure design and cycling model were two effective modes ofsaving water and decreasing pollutants into environment, and wetland strategy should be a component partof the integrated planning for waste water reuse of rural enterprises. This case study could provide a basisfor the optimum utilization and pollution avoidance of water resources.

Pyropia yezoensis can utilize CO_2 in the air during moderate dehydration

Pyropia yezoensis, an intertidal seaweed, experiences regular dehydration and rehydration with the tides. In this study, the responses of P. yezoensis to dehydration and rehydration under high and low CO2 concentrations （（600-700）×10^-6 and （40-80）×10^-6, named Group I and Group II respectively） were investigated. The thalli of Group I had a significantly higher effective photosystem II quantum yield than the thalli of Group II at 71% absolute water content （AWC）. There was little difference between thalli morphology, total Rubisco activity and total protein content at 100% and 71% AWC, which might be the basis for the normal performance of photosynthesis during moderate dehydration. A higher effective photosystem I quantum yield was observed in the thalli subjected to a low CO2 concentration during moderate dehydration, which might be caused by the enhancement of cyclic electron flow. These results suggested that P. yezoensis can directly utilize COz in ambient air during moderate dehydration.

The Management Problem of the Industrialization of Water Resources and Its Countermeasures

Water is the material basis of man＇s living. It cannot be substituted. In addition, it is the life line of agriculture even the national economy. However, water resources face very serious situation in our country. It is shown that wafer resources are in short and the water pollution is benumbing more and more serious day by day. The reason for the problem of water resources is the management problem of water resources. Besides. the per capita water resource is low because the population is increasingly serious. The industrialization of water resources is a new conception presented due to the deepening of the social labor division and the demands of the mitigating contradiction of water resources. This paper analyzes the present situation of water resources in our country and the reasons for the problems, It expounds the important significance of the industrialization of management of water resources. Then it puts forward some saggesnons for the management of the industry of water resources, and some measure to solve those problems.

Qualitative and Environmental Aspects Study of Water Distributed in West Algeria： The Case of Sidi Bel Abbes City

Water comes from various different sources, such as lakes, rivers, streams, springs and boreholes. Depending on the quality of its source, water will almost certainly have to be treated to make it safe to drink. All water supplies for human consumption must be well stored, free from micro-organisms, parasites and any substances that endanger public health if found in sufficient numbers or concentrations, in the same time. In our continued effort for a better result in our study of qualitative aspects, by physicochemical and bacteriological analysis, the authors focus in two crucial questions： a） is the water quality of Sidi-bel-Abbes good or bad ,and well stored？ b） is the people of Sidi-bel-Abbes are aware of the importance of water and knowledgeable about how to use this vital？ This study is the first to use data from I real work based upon a developed method and a good investigation to know exactly if water of Sidi-Bel-Abbes is safely treated, well stored and consumed in resemble way. In first, the authors plotted the method in analysing the qualitative aspect of water using developed material for a precise result starting by the distribution connection （condition and management） and the verification of water tank storage and finishing by analyzing the all the aspect of water （physicochemical and bacteriological analysis）. In second, the authors focus on the way that people of Sidi Bel Abbes used and consumption water by introducing a targeted method （questionnaires） which help us a lot to know precisely the way, time and the real quantity of water consumed daily. In final step of our study of qualitative aspects, by physico-chemical and bacteriological, and environmental analyses, investigation processed by PCA （principal component analysis） of the drinking water supplied to Sidi Bel Abbes city （Algeria north-west） concluded by an encouraging result, that despite the various constraints faced by the departments concerned, they ensure the supply of safe drinking water in households almost daily.

State Space Approach to Mass Exchange Network Synthesis

State space approach is an effective method to mass-exchange network (MEN) synthesis. By decomposing the network into two interactive parts, a distribution network and a process operator, the synthesis problem can be formulated into a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. In this article, a generalized state space model based on typical MEN is established and verified in two cases. A new asymmetrical operator and cost index are also adopted to speed up the solution process. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

The coordination of regional interest in developing river basin

River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entireO, and relation, regionality and dlversity, gradation and network, openness and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural re, on. In river basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence between inter-regions. In the process of developing river basin, the multiplex main interest body, the diverse interest demand and the multi-ways of interest realization constitute a complicated interest network, and result in various contradictions and conflicts. Therefore, egective regional interest coordination mechanism should be estabfished to coordinate various regional interest relations. They are the public interest realization mechanism, the fair interest assignment mechanism, the effective interest integration mechanism, the expedited interest expression mechanism and the reasonable interest compensative mechanism.

Study on the Exploitation of Bohai Sea Ice as Freshwater Resources

Water shortage is a major issue in northern China. With the transfer of China＇s economic center from south to north, Circum-Bohai Economic Circle has gradually formed and developed as the third pole of China＇s economy after Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, the problem of water has inevitably become more and more serious. South-to-North Water Diversion and Sea Water Desalination are helpful to solve this dilemma, but some difficulties appeared during the course of the two projects. By contrast, sea ice desalination can be considered as a third way to alleviate freshwater crisis in Bohai Rim. Firstly, the amount of sea ice in Bohai Sea is as much as 1.27 billion m3 even in normal years. Then the salinity of sea ice is only 1/4 to 1/7 as that of sea water. And furthermore, desalinized water of sea ice can meet national water quality standard for drinking. Purposely use the abundant sea ice resources as water source for industry, agriculture and living is very likely to open a new path for the solution of freshwater shortage, which can promote rapid and healthy development of Circum-Bohai Economic Circle.

Biodeterioration of Building Timbers in the High-Water-Activity Built Environment of Nigeria

Moulds have been reported to destroy volumes of timbers in buildings annually. As a result, timber components within the built environment decline and fail to fulfill their basic requirements. This research focused on the isolation and evaluation of the prevalence and effects of deteriorating moulds in the rain forest and swampy rain forest regions of Nigeria where the water activity is as high as 0.7. To accomplish this, decayed timber samples were aseptically collected on buildings from six strategic locations. The samples were serially diluted and inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium in Petal dishes. The Petri dishes were incubated for 72 h at 30 ~C. Thereafter, moulds were isolated through visual and microscopic observations. The commonly encountered moulds were evaluated and analyzed. It was observed that, prevalence of moulds on buildings used for non residential purpose were higher. There was no significant difference between the prevalence on the components located inside the building and those outside the building. Ceiba pentandra exhibited highest degradation while Masonia altissima resisted most. The most deteriorating moulds were Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus and Gliocladium. The deteriorations of Ceiba pentandra, Afzelia africana, Lophira alata, Anogessus leocarpus and Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum timbers under Aspergillus attack were projected.