水利电排站防渗排水布置关键技术

针对水利电排站中因地质条件、水力作用等因素导致的渗水和排水现象,以某水利电排站为例,随防渗排水布置关键技术具体情况进行详细探讨。本次工程根据防渗排水布置技术原理,在分析该工程基本特征之后,从电排站轴线、电排站装机与技术工艺方面,执行防渗排水布置方案。本工程采用排站防渗排水布置方案后,水利电排站防渗排水能力得到提升,同时也能防止因渗水、排水导致设备损坏现象出现。

水利水电工程中土石方施工技术分析

随着我我国科学技术的不断发展,我国水利电工程中土石方施工技术也有了很大的突破,土石方施工技术是我水电利工程中重要的技术之一,对水电利工程质量有着严重的影响,合理的使用土石方施工技术不仅可以提高水电利工程的施工质量,还可以提高我国人们的生活水平和生活质量,本文本笔将对水利水电工程中土石方施工技术进行详细的分析与阐述,希望能为相关工作人员提供借鉴。

农田水利水电工程建筑的施工技术及管理

随着我国农业的高速发展,在整个农业生产过程当中出现了很多高新水利电设备,对于整个农业的发展来说,起到了极为重要的影响。因此,在农田当中不断地发展农田水利电工程具有十分重要的意义,在工程建设的过程当中需要着重重视施工技术以及管理,才能对于农业的发展发挥出最大的价值。本文将通过对于当前农田水利建设被施工过程当中的遇到的问题,以及所运用的相关技术进行深入的探究,从而制定一定的管理手段以及措施,从而保证工程能够有效的完成,并且使得工程质量也可以得到有效的提升。

GPS RTK技术在嘉陵江凤仪电航工程的应用

GPS技术是一种先进的测量技术手段,能给测量工作带来极大的方便。GPS RTK广泛应用于地形地籍碎部测量,也可以用于控制加密测量。嘉陵江凤仪电航工程位于地形复杂且偏远地区,已知高等级控制点较少,常规的图根控制测量方法受地形条件限制,费时耗力。本文用GPS RTK测量方法,按照行业规范的要求对测区控制点测量,工作效率高,提高效率,降低成本;将测量成果与常规测量比较,得出测绘平面精度更高,高程精度跟等外水准测量方法相当的结论。

关于森林生态功能评价的探讨

森林生态功能是无形的，无法通过市场交换实现其价值，但是森林生态功能既有营林成本，又是营林收入，需要对其进行正确评价．该文就森林生态功能评价的意义、评价指标和评价方法做扼要论述，以朱亭小流域为例对森林涵养水源、保护土壤、纳碳释氧等生态功能进行评价，并对森林生态功能评价存在的问题提出几点看法。

New developments of technology in rock engineering in China

In terms of rock engineering and technology in hydropower construction,the slope stability and monitoring techniques for high slopes of Three Gorges Project,the stability and support technology for high slopes of hydropower projects in deep river valley,the stabilization techniques for underground cavern group with large span and high side walls are introduced in this paper.As for rock engineering and technology in highway and railway construction,the Qinghai-Tibet Railway — new construction techniques in permafrost,the support techniques for large squeezing deformation in Wuqiaoling Tunnel,the construction techniques for tunnels in alpine and high-altitude region,the geological prediction techniques for tunnels in karst region,the microseismic monitoring and early warning techniques for rockbursts in deep and long tunnels are presented.For rock engineering and technology inmining engineering,the innovative techniques for roadway support inmines,the simultaneous extraction technique of pillarless coal and gas in coal seams with low permeability,the safe and efficient deep openmining technology,advances in monitoring,early warning and treatment ofmine dynamic disasters are discussed.In addition,the new anchorage techniques and precision blasting technique in rock engineering are introduced.

An automatic unified modeling method of geological object and engineering object based on tri-prism(TP)

For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.

Quo Vadis Archimedean Turbines Nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？

According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real ＂Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita＂. It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowadays, having an important unexploited hydropower potential of several TWh and thousands of MW. The second goal is to present the results of rediscovering the old screw pumps and the always-modern Archimedean cochlear screw ideas as a series of soft hydropower turbines with inclined axis rotors and floating spiral screw devices. By following the similarity methodology, a few small-scale models of cochlear rotors were designed, developed and tested in an Armfield hydraulic channel. The conventional and unconventional, low or zero-head screw turbines, could efficiently harness the important and unexploited Greek small potential and kinetic hydraulic energy of all the natural watercourses, the man-made open urban or rural channels and the most important tidal or sea currents, producing useful green electricity. The very promising low-head hydropower inventory of Greece, the preliminary experimental results and the research studies of cochlear projects in watercourses, hydraulic works, tidal conditions of Euripus Strait and in the mysterious ＂Sea River Current of Cephalonia＂, seems to give a good answer to the question ＂Quo Vadis Archimedes nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition？＂.

Characteristics of a magnetic fluid seal and its motion in an axial variable seal gap

With suitable assumptions a hydrodynamic model for the magnetic fluid motion in an axial variable gap seal was con- structed, and the solution to the equations of the model was deduced. The characteristics of a magnetic fluid seal and its motion, including the speed and pressure distribution, and the seal capacity of a magnetic fluid rotating seal were systematically described. The factors affecting seal capacity and ways to improve seal capacity based on the hydrodynamic model are discussed. The basic condition for dynamic seal availability is presented. The rotating speed and radius of the shafts should be decreased. The work can provide proof of a seal design or suggest ways to improve the seal capacity of magnetic fluid seals.

The construction management system and practice of Three Gorges Project

Three Gorges Project (TGP),the largest water resources and hydropower project in the world with huge scale and complex techniques,has great comprehensive benefits mainly in flood control,power generation and navigation improvement.Through 17-year construction and practice,the project has been successfully completed.Some valuable experience from the successful construction of TGP has been gained for the management system and mechanism of hydropower project construction in China.Its construction management mode produces important influences on the management system of domestic capital construction.With combination of the construction management practice of TGP,the characteristics of management system and mechanism are summarized,and the suggestions on current hydropower development system and construction management mode are put forward.

Latest progress in hydrogen production from solar water splitting via photocatalysis,photoelectrochemical,and photovoltaic-photoelectrochemical solutions

Hydrogen production via solar water splitting is regarded as one of the most promising ways to utilize solar energy and has attracted more and more attention. Great progress has been made on photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production in the past few years. This review summarizesthe very recent progress (mainly in the last 2–3 years) on three major types of solar hydrogenproduction systems: particulate photocatalysis (PC) systems, photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems,and photovoltaic‐photoelectrochemical (PV‐PEC) hybrid systems. The solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH)conversion efficiency of PC systems has recently exceeded 1.0% using a SrTiO3:La,Rh/Au/BiVO4:Mophotocatalyst, 2.5% for PEC water splitting on a tantalum nitride photoanode, and reached 22.4%for PV‐PEC water splitting using a multi‐junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge cell and Ni electrode hybrid system.The advantages and disadvantages of these systems for hydrogen production via solar watersplitting, especially for their potential demonstration and application in the future, are briefly describedand discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for solar water splitting solutions are also forecasted.

A Technical Review of Hydro-Project Development in China

This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.

Study on the propagation of interface crack of young concrete lining and rock under blasting load

In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower project,young concrete lining structure is often affected by blasting load. Young concrete has a lot of micro-fractures with random distribution,which are easier to propagate and connect under blasting load. This paper focuses on the calculation on dynamic stress intensity factors of bond interface crack of concrete-rock according to concrete age. Result shows that different incidence angles of stress wave lead to different crack propagation mechanisms. Under the normal incidence of impact load,the bonding interface crack propagation of the concrete lining is mainly caused by reflection tensile stress,which forms from the free surface. With horizontal incidence of stress wave,the bond interface crack propagation of concrete lining is affected by concrete age. With the increase of concrete age,the elasticity modulus margin between concrete and rock decreases gradually,and the crack propagation form changes from shear failure to tensile damage.

The demonstration,decision process and practice of Three Gorges Project

The world-famous Three Gorges Project (TGP) is the largest hydropower station in the world and the largest water resources and hydropower project constructed in China.The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir reached the design water level of 175 m for the first time on October 26,2010,which indicated that the project had met design requirements of various functionalities of flood control,power generation and navigation.To complete the project it took nearly 100 years for conception,demonstration,design and construction of the TGP.How was the conception of TGP proposed? What kind of role should it be? What were the different opinions? How was the project demonstrated? What was the conclusion of demonstration? Those are the issues that many people care and don't know about.To memorize the realization of the century dream of Chinese people and to record the history of development of TGP,the author presents a compendious introduction to the project.

THE HYDROELECTRIC SIMULATION OF FLOTATION COLUMN

Both the potential of electric field and the velocity potential of ideal fluid can be expressed with Laplace equation, thus the velocity field of ideal fluid can be simulated by electric field. According to this principle, one simple lab-device is developed. This method can be used to analyze and study the flotation column structure, operation condition such as feed rate, recirculation rate and tailing discharged rate etc. Because this method takes the wall effects of column into consideration in the simulation, it is significance for the scaling-up of flotation column.

The Application of 3D Visualization Technology in the Construction of Water Conservancy and Hydropower

This paper put forward the structure and construction process of three-dimensional visualization of hydroelectric construction system model based on GIS and 3D visualization platform. The paper first describes the 3D visualization based on GIS, then discusses the method of constructing 3D visual digital model, and then introduces the terrain digital technology, feature modeling technology. Finally, the technical route shows that this method has good practicability.

Stability analysis on Jinjia dam hydropower project in Chongqing City

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations.The Jinjia Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China.The paper adopts the rigidity limited equilibrium theory and evaluated stability of the slope body,which will provide the evidences for further detail design.

Visualization aided system of hydropower engineering management

For the purpose of realizing the information visualization of hydropower engineering management, we construeted three kinds of graphics models sorted by hierarchy for system modelling, employed the construction simulation system to simulate the real-time construction behaviours, introduced the graphics rendering system to organize and update the virtual scene, and designed the interaction system to respond to the user-initiated and simulation-initiated events. So, the real-time, interactive visualization aided system of hydropower engineering management is developed. Eventually, the effectiveness and capabilities of the system are showed through the application examples in China.

Water Quality Index and Absorption of Zinc from Electroplating Industry Effluent Using Fungi

The present study deals with the Water Quality Index （WQI） and absorption of zinc from electroplating industry effluent using ftmgi. The physico-chemical parameters such as EC （Electrical Conductivity）, TDS （Total Dissolved Solids）, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, nickel, chromium and zinc content was above the permissible limits of BIS （Bureau of Indian Standards）. The WQI was 13, which showed that the pollution level of the electroplating industry effluent was severe in the rating scale and the effluent was not suitable for disposal without treatment. Three fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Peinicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus nigricans were used for absorption studies. Different concentrations （25, 50, 75 and 100%） of electroplating industry effluent along with 1 gm of fungal mycelium with （1%） and without carbon source was incubated in a shaker for a period of 7 days in order to observe zinc absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of zinc was found to be higher in Aspergillus niger followed by Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Among the three fungal species Aspergillus niger had high （50%） potential of zinc absorption with carbon source and low concentration （25%） of electroplating industry effluent.

Biologic Waste： Consistent Performance with an Alternating Field

Biomass plants often struggle to capture flow measurements reliably. High amounts of dry solids and fats complicate the measurement with an MID （Magnetic-Inductive） flowmeter and make it susceptible to faults. To overcome this impediment, the waste water treatment plant in Innsbruck, Austria, relies on electromagnetic pulsed AC （Alternating Current） flowmeters. Compared to pulsed DC （Direct Current） devices, AC devices are able to build up magnetic fields that are ten times stronger. Equipped with this capability, the Sitrans Transmag 2 is able to guarantee a constant and also high measuring accuracy, zero point stability and signal strength regardless of impurities in the medium or fluctuations in the magnetic field.