甲氧苄氨嘧啶非水制剂的稳定性

甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)常作为广谱抗菌药用于临床,通过抑制二氢叶酸还原酶干扰叶酸代谢。复方新诺明注射液为一市售静脉注射制剂(含TMP 16mg/ml、SMZ 80mg/ml、40％丙二醇、10％乙醇及1％苯甲醇)。关心的主要问题是使用溶液的物理和化学稳定性。

中药复方海洋岩盘深层水制剂对顺铂增效减毒作用的研究

目的:研究中药复方海洋岩盘深层水制剂(MWCHCP)对化疗药物顺铂(cisplatin)的抗肿瘤增效减毒作用。方法:S180荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射顺铂,同时灌胃给予低、中、高剂量MWCHCP(1 925,3 850,7 700 mg.kg-1),连续5 d后,处死小鼠,观察胃组织病理切片,测定肿瘤抑制率、内脏器官指数、腹泻指数,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法测定小肠中肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-α)基因的表达水平。结果:MWCHCP具有协同顺铂抑制肿瘤生长和减轻顺铂所致肝脏、脾脏、肾脏损伤的趋势,可显著减轻顺铂所致小鼠胃损伤并降低腹泻指数,并有降低化疗小鼠小肠组织中TNF-α的表达水平的趋势。结论:MWCHCP对顺铂治疗小鼠S180肉瘤有增效的趋势和显著的减毒作用。

二氧化氯复合水处理制剂在电厂循环冷却水中的应用

一、前言 在电厂循环冷却水系统中,细菌、藻类、原生动物等微生物,利用水中溶解的营养源,繁衍增殖,并以这些微生物为主体,混杂泥沙、无机物和尘土等,产生粘泥故障。轻则引起管道堵塞,增加水流阻力,换热效率降低。重则造成孔蚀,使管道穿孔,报废设备。藻类也容易在凉水塔和凉水池中大量繁殖引起配水管道堵塞。近年来,有机磷酸酯等缓蚀阻垢剂的开发利用,虽然提高了系统的缓蚀能力,降低了系统中的腐蚀,但碱性配方中的许多药剂却成了微生物的营养食品。

临床中鱼病诊断的环节

鱼类生活的环境较为特殊,因此鱼类患病之后不容易被发现。临床中鱼病诊断是治疗鱼病的基础,如何对病鱼进行快速准确的诊断和治疗是养殖成功与否的首要问题。临床中鱼病诊断的环节可总结为：一问、二测、三目、四镜、五解剖、六其他。一、询问1.鱼类饲养情况询问养殖户养殖的种类、来源,养殖规格,养殖密度;投饲的种类、数量和质量等。2.鱼类管理情况放鱼苗前清理池塘使用的方法或工厂化养殖场一批新苗入池前池子所使用的消毒剂及其他药物;放养后经常使用的药物,改水制剂。

Regulation of ABA on Rice Root System Growth under Cadmium Stress

[Objective] The regulation of ABA on rice root system growth under Cd stress was studied.[Method] Taking rice Zhonghua No.11 as material,changes in rice root system growth were studied under the treatments of Cd,Cd ＋ ABA and Cd ＋ ABA inhibitor.[Result] Exogenous ABA could shorten the length of primary roots and adventitious roots of rice and could obviously inhibit the formation of lateral roots in primary roots and adventitious roots;ABA could obviously shorten the distance from root hair to root tip,but had little effect on the quantity of adventitious roots.[Conclusion] ABA takes part in the regulation in rice root system growth under Cd stress.

灵芝免疫药理研究进展

目的 综述灵芝免疫药理学方面的研究进展 ,为对灵芝免疫调节作用进一步深入研究和开拓其应用范围提供参考依据。方法 以近年来国内大量有代表性的文献为基础 ,并参阅国外相关资料 ,进行分析、整理和归纳 ,按照其药用部位 ,主要成分分别评述。结果 灵芝水煎提取制剂、灵芝发酵液、灵芝孢子粉、灵芝多糖及某些灵芝蛋白等均具有显著的免疫增强作用和免疫恢复作用 ,同时也有一定的免疫抑制作用。其中 ,对灵芝多糖的研究较多 ,尤其是对其细胞及细胞因子的免疫作用研究较为深入 ,基本上阐明了灵芝免疫调节作用的机理 ,揭示出灵芝“滋补强壮、扶正固本”的原因。结论 灵芝这味珍奇老药在提高机体免疫功能、抑制免疫损伤、增强体质、防治疾病方面 。

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Intestine and Intestinal Aeromonas hydrophila of Fish

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop compound probiotics that can be used as the alternatives of chemical drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture. [Method] Different concentrations of EM （effective microorganisms） and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were mixed at a ratio of 1：1, and sprayed on fish feed. The growth of intestinal villi of the fishes that had been fed with the feed mixed with compound probiotics for three months was observed; meanwhile, the content of in- testinal Aeromonas hydrophila was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. ｜Result] The compound probiotics promoted the development of intestinal villi, and inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila, and the effects were also concentration dependent. However, the compound probiotics did not increase the thickness of the intestinal serous layer, muscular layer and submucosal layer. [Conclusion] The compound probiotics we prepared can be used and popularized in aquiculture as it can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila.

Effect of degree of substitution of carboxymethyl starch on diaspore depression in reverse flotation

Carboxymethyl starchs（CMS） with low and high degrees of substitution（CMSL and CMSH in short,respectively） were employed as depressants of diaspore in cationic reverse flotation using dodecylamine（DDA） as collector.The effect of degree of substitution of CMS on its depression performance was examined and the interaction mode and behavior were investigated in a comparative manner.Micro-flotation test showed that CMSL exhibited better performance in depressing diaspore than CMSH in a broad pH range.The adsorption of CMS on diaspore was studied by adsorption test,zeta potential measurement,and atomic force microscopy.It was found that CMSH corresponds to lower adsorption amount,thinner adsorption layer,and more negative charge than CMSL,resulting from the more chelating sites brought by the high degree of substitution.The surface tension measurement and DDA adsorption test further revealed that CMSL/DDA system gives a better depressing performance benefiting from the trapping effect by enveloping some DDA molecules inside the loop chains,while CMSH/DDA system is likely considered a quasi-surfactant.

知识库

予防鸡瘟八种方法 一、用0.5公斤生石灰溶于5公斤水中,滤渣后浸米3公斤(时间约125小时)捞出后晾干喂鸡,每只鸡一次3—5克,每天一次,连喂3天,间隔7—10天。 二、用0.25公斤食醋兑0.5公斤麦麸拌成粒状饲料,每只鸡喂3克,每天一次,连喂3天,间隔5天。 三、用大蒜、绿豆、玉米各一份,捣烂拌成粒状,每只鸡每次喂3—5克,每天一次连喂3天。

用患者工作场所中的金属加工液进行斑帖试验

In view of the wide variety of components currently used in metalworking fluids (MWF), relevant contact sensitizations may be overlooked, because commercially available MWF test series cannot cover the full spectrum. Hence, patch testing with MWF from the patient’s workplace is an important additional diagnostic tool. However, recommendations on how to perform such patch tests vary. We retrospectively analyzed patch test data of the Department of Dermatology in Dortmund, 1992-2003. In 141 metalworkers tested because of suspected occupational contact dermatitis due to MWF, 829 patch tests with 306 samples of MWF were performed. Water-based MWF (wb MWF) were mainly tested in 2 dilution series, i.e. pure (workplace concentration), 10%aq. and 1%aq., and pure, 50%aq. and 10%aq. Positive reactions to wb MWF occurred in 27 patients. Patch testing with wb MWF at workplace concentration resulted in 16.1 %(39/242) positive reactions, with a positivity ratio of 69%and a reaction index of 0. From the analysis of reaction patterns and concomitant reactions,we conclude that most of these positive reactions indicated true contact allergy. With lower concentrations, relevant allergic reactions may be missed. Neat oils were tested as is or diluted from 1 to 50%in olive oil, but no reactions at all were observed. For optimum benefit of patch testing with MWF from the patient’s workplace, breakdown testing is recommended. To overcome the time-consuming difficulties associated with this procedure, we propose a centre for information and documentation of contact allergies due to occupational exposure. Furthermore, full declaration of MWF ingredients is desirable.

Application of water loop variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system in large-scale buildings in northern China

A water loop variable refrigerant flow（WLVRF）air-conditioning system is designed to be applied in large-scale buildings in northern China.The system is energy saving and it is an integrated system consisting of a variable refrigerant flow（VRF）air-conditioning unit,a water loop and an air source heat pump.The water loop transports energy among different regions in the buildings instead of refrigerant pipes,decreasing the scale of the VRF air-conditioning unit and improving the performance.Previous models for refrigerants and building loads are cited in this investigation.Mathematical models of major equipment and other elements of the system are established using the lumped parameter method based on the DATAFIT software and the MATLAB software.The performance of the WLVRF system is simulated.The initial investments and the running costs are calculated based on the results of market research.Finally,a contrast is carried out between the WLVRF system and the traditional VRF system.The results show that the WLVRF system has a better working condition and lower running costs than the traditional VRF system.

BP神经网络PID控制仿真在挤压机中的应用

为了减少挤压机运行前的繁杂工作,针对自动供给系统提出了一种基于神经网络的PID控制方案,利用神经网络的自学习能力对PID控制参数在线整定,使PID控制器具有自适应性。采用动态BP算法,达到了在线实时控制的目的,显示了BP神经网络的PID控制方法很强的鲁棒性,同时也显示了神经网络在解决时变性和严重不确定系统方面的潜能,并改变了运用试凑法调节参数的方法。运用Matlab软件对挤压加料、加水和加酶制剂自动控制系统进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,神经网络PID控制器优于传统PID控制器,具有较高的精度和较强的适应性,可以获得满意的控制效果。

Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in Pure Water and Inhibitor Containing Systems

Kinetic data of methane hydrate formation in the presence of purewater, brines with single salt and mixed salts, and aqueous solutionsof ethylene glycol (EG) and salt + EG were measured. A new kineticmodel of hydrate formation for the methane + water systems wasdeveloped based on a four-step formation mechanism and reactionkinetics approach. The proposed kinetic model predicts the kineticbehavior of methane hydrate formation in pure water with goodaccuracy. The feasibility of extending the kinetic model to salt (s)and EG containing systems was explored.

Use of new once-daily 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations in the treatment of ulcerative colitis:Is there anything new under the sun?

5-aminosalicylate(5-ASA)agents remain the mainstay treatment in ulcerative colitis(UC).A number of oral 5-ASA agents are commercially available,including azobond pro-drugs,as well as delayed-and controlledrelease forms of mesalazine.However,poor adherence due to frequent daily dosing and a large number of tablets has been shown to be an important barrier to successful management of patients with UC.Recently, new,once-daily formulations of mesalazine,including the unique multi-matrix delivery system and mesalazine granules,were proven to be efficacious in inducing and maintaining remission in mild-to-moderate UC,with a good safety profile comparable to that of other oral mesalazine formulations.In addition,they offer the advantage of a low pill burden and might contribute to increased long-term compliance and treatment success in clinical practice.This editorial summarizes the available literature on the short-and medium-term efficacy and safety of the new once-daily mesalazine formulations.

Infliximab to treat severe ulcerative colitis

A 48-year-old female with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy was referred to our facility for management. The patient showed extensive ulcerative colitis since the age of 20 years and had failed therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid agents and azathioprine. The disease remained active despite treatment with steroids and cyclosporine. The clinical and endoscopic parameters were consistent with severe disease. Infectious precipitants were ruled out. Given the severity of the disease and in order to avoid a colectomy, we started the patient on infliximab therapy. A dramatic clinical and endoscopic response was observed and she remained in remission at the end of a 1-year follow-up period. We discuss findings in the literature regarding the use ofinfliximab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis who have failed steroids and cyclosporine.

Efficacy of Difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC in Treatment of Rice Sheath Blight and Its Application Technology

[Objective] The efficacy of difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC for rice sheath blight and its application technology were discussed in this research. [Method] Three surveys were carried out. There were 5 fixed test clumps in each plot. The number of total plants and disease plants and disease progression in each fixed clump were recorded. The correlation effectiveness was calculated based on the growth rate of disease index. Significance analysis was performed with Dun- can＇s new multiple range method （DMRT）. [Result] The difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC had a good efficacy for rice sheath blight, and its efficacy increased with the increase of dose. If sprayed according to the dose of 450 ml/hm2 5 days before the beginning of heading stage of rice, difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC would have better effects on controlling rice sheath blight with correlation effectiveness reaching up to 95.14%, which was 2.06% higher than that of control drug （trifloxys- trobin-tebuconazole 75% WG, 225 g/hm2）. [Conclusion] Treated with difenoconazole- azoxystrobin 32.5% SC with dose of 450 ml/hm2, rice would have green upper leaves and less yellow middle and lower leaves. Moreover, the yield was in- creased significantly. The difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC had good safety. Therefore, difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% SC had a good application prospect in production.

Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Fertilizers Applied to a Paddy Soil in Southeastern China

Total nitrogen (N) loss and ammonia volatilization from urea applied to flooded rice grown on a paddy soil in Zhejiang Province were measured by 15N balance and micro-meteorological methods, respectively. Floodwater properties and ammonia loss from the circular plot were compared with those from the microplots. And the effectiveness of urease inhibitor, NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphonc triamide], was also tested Results showed that the total losses from urea broadcast and incorporated at transplanting (basal dressing) were similar with those from urea broadcast 12 days after transplanting (top-dressing) (51.5% and 48%, respectively, of applied N), and ammonia losses were low, the corresponding figures were 10.8% and 7.0% of applied N, respectively. Thus, denitrification was a much more important pathway of nitrogen loss than ammonia volatilization under the particular conditions. Addition of NBPT retarded urea hydrolysis, reduced pHs and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations of floodwater for either the application of urea as basal or as top-dressing, but these effects were not translated into the reduction of total nitrogen loss. Floodwater pHs and ammonia loss in the microplots were apparently lower than those in the circular plot from urea applied as basal dressing; however, such differences were not found when urea was top-dressed. The frequently raining days occurred after top-dressing may be responsible for the insignificant effect of plot size on floodwater pHs and ammonia volatilization. It seems that the effects of plot size on floodwater properties and ammonia loss mainly depend on weather conditions, in addition to the height and leaf area index of the crop.

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF WETTING HEAT ON COAL SLURRYABILITY

Wetting Heat of various ranks of coals in water was measured by using SETARAM C80D Calorimeter. The data were correlated to coals' slurryability which is characterized by the solid load at the viscosity of 1 Pa's and 25℃. The results showed that the heat of wetting by wa-ter decreases as coal rank increases in the range of brawn coal to bituminous coaI with carbon content of 89% ~90% (daf), and then, increases a little for anthracite. This trend fitted well to the relationship of slurryability to coal rank. The heat of wetting was also correlated to the inher-ent moisture content and the oxygen content of coal, which are commonly considered as slurrya-bility indication parameters. Hence, the wetting heat is another measure of coal's slurryability.