电学方法用于水泥水化诱导期的探究

以水泥浆体为研究体系,采用电学方法对水泥水化过程中的诱导期进行相关研究,测试出在水泥水化过程中,浆体电阻率将呈现出规律性变化。电阻率从最小值到加速上升这段时间也就是所谓的水泥水化诱导期,而该诱导期的历程,又和氢氧化钙的生长存在一定的关系。

考虑时间效应的钢渣填料动力特性与微观结构研究

钢渣是冶金行业的第二大废弃物,充分利用废弃钢渣代替部分砂石料作为新型的土工填料,符合“绿色经济”与“可持续发展”战略。因钢渣材料有别于砂石料,化学成分复杂,而力学特征具有时效特性,采用共振柱试验研究考虑水化期影响的钢渣动力特性,分析动剪切模量和阻尼比等动力特性变化规律;基于Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型描述考虑时间效应的钢渣动力特性,采用Boltzman函数描述最大动剪切模量随水化期变化的关系,给出最大阻尼比范围;并与传统砂土的动力特性对比,得出水化前钢渣动剪切模量略高于传统细砂,水化90 d后可达到标准砂的最大动剪切模量,工程中可以用钢渣作为一种填料代替砂土。最后,通过微观电子显微镜方法分析不同水化期下的钢渣微观结构,发现水化产物Aft相较于其他水化产物生成时间较晚,Aft和C-S-H所组成的胶凝结构是影响钢渣动力特性时效特征的主要因素。

Effects of Nitrogen Level and High Temperature Stress on Yield, SPAD Value and Soluble Sugar Content of Early Rice Ganxin 203

This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of nitrogen level （high and ordinary） and high temperature stress （37 ℃, 4 d） at the late panicle ini- tiation stage on yield, SPAD value and soluble sugar content of Ganxin 203, an early rice cultivar. The results showed that under both high and ordinary nitrogen levels, high temperature stress reduced the seed-setting rate, yield per stem, SPAD value and soluble sugar content of Ganxin 203; under both high and ordinary tem- peratures, high nitrogen level increased the seed-setting rate, yield per stem and soluble sugar content of Ganxin 203; the seed-setting rate, yield per stem and yield per plant of Ganxin 203 under high temperature and high nitrogen level were higher than those under high temperature and ordinary nitrogen level. It suggests that ap- propriate high nitrogen level contributes to weakening the negative effects of high temperature stress on rice yield.

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Precipitation during Crop Growing Season in Northeast China

[Objective] The aims were to understand variation characteristics of water resources and provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of agricultural irrigation methods.[Method] Taking the precipitation records during crop growing season（from April to September）observed by 177 weather stations from 1971 to 2008 in the three provinces of Northeast China（Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning）as research data,annual change and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation during crop growing season were analyzed by means of small grid interpolation and climatic trend rate.[Result] The precipitation during crop growing season general exhibited the decreasing trend and the precipitation trend rate was-8.6 mm/10a in Northeast China.In addition,there was lack of rain from 1971 to 1980 and relatively abundant of rain during 1981 and 1990 respectively.Moreover,the precipitation obviously exhibited decreasing trend from 1991 to 2008.But the decreasing trend was inconsistent in spatial distributions,that was,the precipitation slightly increased in relatively rainless areas and obviously decreased in relatively rainy areas.[Conclusion] The areas with obvious decreasing trend of precipitation during crop growing season are the main grain producing zones in Northeast China,so the problem of food production security caused by the precipitation changes should be paid enough attention.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in the Flag Leaves of Different High Yield Rice Variety at Late Stage of Development Under Natural Condition

With indica ( Oryza sativa L.) hybrid Shanyou 63 as control, the hybrid rice varieties including Peiai 64S/E32, Peiai 64S/9311, X07S/Zihui 100, Guangyou 881 and japonica 9516 were used to study changes of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic response to light intensity and temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and membrane lipid peroxidation in their flag leaves at the late stage of development under natural conditions in Nanjing. The results were as follows:. primary photochemical efficiency of PS II ( F-v / F-m), quantum yield of linear electron transport of PS II (phi(PSII)), electron transfer rate (ETR) in these rice varieties decreased with their decrease of chlorophyll content during this period. This kind of impediment to energy conversion induced the transfer of excessive energy to the reducing side of PS I, hence the accumulation of O-2(radical anion) and peroxidation of membrane lipid, and resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), that is the destroys of photosynthetic pigments and membranes and the consequent, premature senescence. This phenomenon is variable conspicuously in different rice varieties. Under natural condition in Nanjing, F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and quenching coefficient ( qP) in japonica 9516 tolerant to photooxidation decreased less and the conversion capacity of light energy was stable, premature senescence was unlikely, and consequently the seed-setting rate was higher. While F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and photochemical qP in Shanyou 63 sensitive to photooxidation decreased more and therefore premature senescence was easy to happen, thus the seed-setting rate and yield were all reduced. The tolerance to photooxidation and premature senescence in other hybrids derived from typical two line or three line crossing laid in the middle. From the rice breeding for super-high-yield, on the basis of the good plant-type of current rice, considering both hybrid vigor and the prevention premature senescence, it would be a notable strategy to use japonica maternal line or maternal. lines with some japonica genotype as the sterile lines in rice breeding.

Variation Characteristics of Water Budget Condition of Heilongjiang Province in Recent 50 Years

Based on the 1961-2010 weather data from 65 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province, using the statistic software and GIS, the change characteristics of water budget, including the precipitation, reference evapotranspiration and water budget in the whole year and the temperature-defined growing season, were analyzed. The results indicated that the both the precipitation during the whole year and that of during the temperature-defined growing season from 1961 to 2010 all decreased, while the annual reference evapotranspiration decreased, but the reference evapotranspiration during the temperature-defined growing season presented an increasing trend. The water resources were generally characterized by water deficit, especially in the beginning of 21 st .

Determination the Vigor of Rice Seed with Different Degrees of Aging with Ultraweak Chemiluminescence During Early Imbibition

用高灵敏度的单光子计数系统探测人工老化 (40℃ ,相对湿度 90 % ) 0、7、14和 2 1d的水稻种子吸胀初期的超弱化学发光强度变化 ,首次观测到水稻 (OryzasativaL .)种子吸胀初期超弱化学发光强度与其老化程度有关。加水激活水稻种子的超弱化学发光 ,其强度依赖于种子的老化程度。实验结果表明水稻种子的人工老化时间越短 ,则吸胀初期 (2 0～ 30min)超弱化学发光的强度越强 ,萌发率越高。水稻种子萌发率与超弱化学发光强度呈显著正相关。观测水稻种子吸胀初期超弱化学发光强度的变化可望成为检测种子老化程度的一种快速、简便、无损伤的新方法。

Application value of ATP based bioluminescence tumor chemo-sensitivity assay in the chemotherapy for ascites caused by recurrent ovarian cancer

Objective: To investigate the clinical value and application of ATP based bioluminescence tumor chemo-sensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) in the chemotherapy for ascites caused by recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: More than 10 kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs or combinations were applied and 35 ascites specimens from recurrent ovarian cancer were analyzed by ATP-TCA. Sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs was assessed. After 2-4 chemotherapeutic cycles, clinical outcomes were analyzed, which were compared with those of 40 cases by empirical regimens. Results: 32 of 35 specimens were evaluated with an overall evaluation rate of 91%. The assay results suggested that chemo-naive patients responded to chemotherapeutic drugs with individualized profiles. The sensitivity rates of GEM, EPI, OXA, DDP, CBP, ADM, VP-16, CTX, NVB, 5-FU, PTX and TXT were 40%, 30%, 33%, 29%, 33%, 38%, 25%, 33%, 38%, 33%, 25% and 20%, respectively. While the sensitivity rates of combinations GEM + EPI, GEM + CBP, GEM + DDP, NVB + DDP, CTX + ADM + DDP, CTX + ADM, DDP + VP-16, OXA + 5-FU, VP-16 + IFO, PTX + DDP, TXT + CBP, VCR + CTX + MTX, DDP + CPT-11, OXA + CPT-11, and DTIC + CTX were 47%, 50%, 36%, 44%, 30%, 33%, 27%, 33%, 40%, 27%, 23%, 14%, 28%, 30% and 17%, respectively. In vitro results correlated well with clinical outcomes. Objective response rate (RR) in chemo-sensitivity-guided group was of significance compared with that in empirical-regimen-guided group. Conclusion: ATP-TCA is a choice for the screening of chemotherapeutic drugs against ascites caused by recurrent ovarian cancer with excellent sensitivity and reliability. ATP-TCA assay results correlate well with clinical outcomes, suggesting its clinical value in the management of difficult-to-manage therapeutic situations such as ascites in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Effect of CaCO_3 on hydration characteristics of C_3A

Hydration products and morphology characteristics of C3A （tricalcium aluminate）-CaCO3-H2O system were studied by means of XRD, DSC, FTIR spectrum analysis and SEM. The results indicate that, the new phases, i.e., C3A·0.5CaCO3·0.5Ca（OH）2·11.5H2O and C3A·CaCO3·11H2O are found in this system due to the activity of CaC03; the formation of C4AH13 and C2AH8 is prohibited and the generation of C3AH6 is delayed in the early hydration process. C3A·0.5CaCO3·0.5Ca（OH）2.11.5HEO is not stable and will be totally transferred within 24 h; C3A·CaCO3.11H2O exists stably once formation, and its flake-like crystalline phases in the early hydration transform to long rod shape, and to finally fine-needle at 28 d.

Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.

Soil Acidification in Response to Acid Deposition in Three Subtropical Forests of Subtropical China

Long-term changes in soil pH, the current status of soil acidification, and the response of bulk soil and soil water pH to experimental nitrogen addition under three subtropical forests were investigated in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve of subtropical China. The results showed that the mineral soil pH at 0-20 cm depth declined significantly from 4.60-4.75 in 1980s to 3.84-4.02 in 2005. Nitrogen addition resulted in the decrease of pH in both bulk soil and soil water collected at 20-cm depth. The rapid decline of soil pH was attributed to long-term high atmospheric acid deposition (nitrogen and sulphur) therein. The forest at earlier succession stage with originally higher soil pH appeared to be more vulnerable to acid deposition than that at later succession stage with originally low soil pH.

Effect of Silica Fume on Early Performance of Precast Concrete with Early Strength Agents

The effect of silica fume on the early performance of precast concrete with an early strength agent was investigated.The ternary compounding technique of silica fume,fly ash and early strength agent were used to examine the compressive strength,heat of hydration,hydration products,and microstructures of the precast concrete.The experimental results showed that the optimum amount of silica fume in the precast concrete was 9%.Silica fume filled the fine pores between the cement particles.However,the cement hydration was mainly influenced by the waterto-cement ratio and cement particle size.As the hydration reaction continued,silica fume provided more nucleation sites,and the characteristic volcanic ash reaction increased both the hydration degree and hydration rate of the early strength agent doped cementitious materials.

High Serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 Levels after a Two-Cycle Adjuvant Chemotherapy for NSCLC:Possible Poor Prognostic Factors

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and cytokeratin 19 fragments （CYFRA21-1） can be used as a prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 169 patients underwent at least two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were recorded after the second cycle of chemotherapy, and the patient follow-up was conducted. Overall survival （OS） and disease- free survival （DFS） were used as the primary endpoint and the secondary endpoint, respectively. Results The high levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were poor prognostic factors for OS, with risk ratios （RR） of 2.003 and 1.702, respectively. A high CEA level was a poor prognostic factor （RR 1.152） for DFS. The median survival time （MST） of the high CEA level group was 26 months, whereas that of the normal group was 61 months （P〈0.0001）. The median DFS time of the high CEA group and the normal group was 34 and 53 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. The MST of the high CYFRA21-1 group and the normal group was 43 and 56 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. Conclusions The high serum levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy are poor prognostic factors for NSCLC patients.

Inter-decadal variations,causes and future projection of the Asian summer monsoon

The present paper presents a concise summary of our recent studies on the Asian summer monsoon,with highting decadal and inter- decadal scales. The studies on the long- term variations of the Asian summer monsoon and its impacts on the change in the summer precipitation in China are reviewed. Moreover,recent changes in the Asian summer monsoon and summer precipitation in East Asia(including Meiyu precipitation)are discussed. Finally,the future changes of the Asian summer monsoon are also pointed out in this paper.

Effect of hydrological variability on diatom distribution in Poyang Lake, China

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and it has a seasonal flooding cycle that significantly changes the water level every year. The aim of this paper was to explain how these hydrological changes influence diatom populations in Poyang Lake. The yearly hydrological cycle can be divided into 4 phases: low water-level phase, increasing water-level phase, high water-level phase and decreasing waterlevel phase. Variations in the abundance of planktonic diatoms were studied using quarterly monitoring data collected from January 2009 to October 2013. Generally, diatoms were dominant in Poyang Lake and accounted for more than 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass except in July 2009(26%) and January 2012(35%). Aulacoseira granulata and Surirella robusta were the predominant species in all four phases, and they accounted for 25.02% to 56.89% and 5.07% to 14.78% of the total phytoplankton biomass, respectively. A redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that changes in physico-chemical parameter were related to the water level, and changes in diatom biomass were related to nitrite levels and p H. These results indicate that changes in environmental parameters related to both seasonal variations and water-level fluctuations caused variations in diatom biomass and community composition in Poyang Lake. Furthermore, extreme hydrological events can have different influences on the diatom community composition in the main channel and lentic regions. This research provides data on the diatom variations in Poyang Lake and will be useful for establishing biological indicators of environmental change and protecting Poyang Lake in the future.

A research on the relationship between ejaculation and serum testosterone level in men

The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of the relationshi p between ejaculation and serum testosterone level in men. The serum testosteron e concentrations of 28 volunteers were investigated daily during abstinence peri ods after ejaculation for two phases. The authors found that the fluctuations o f testosterone levels from the 2nd to 5th day of abstinence were minimal. On the 7th day of abstinence, however, a clear peak of serum testosterone appeared, re aching 145.7% of the baseline (P<0.01). No regular fluctuation was observed foll owing continuous abstinence after the peak. Ejaculation is the precondition and beginning of the special periodic serum testosterone level variations, which wou ld not occur without ejaculation. The results showed that ejaculation-caused va r iations were characterized by a peak on the 7th day of abstinence; and that the effective time of an ejaculation is 7 days minimum. These data are the first to document the phenomenon of the periodic change in serum testosterone level; the correlation between ejaculation and periodic change in the serum testosterone le vel, and the pattern and characteristics of the periodic change.

Investigation into the Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity during Storage of Fruit Smoothies

In this study, the total phenols （TP） and antioxidant activity of three different fruit smoothies （Blackberries, Raspberry and Boysenberry （BRAB）, Mango and Passion fruits （MAP） and Blackcurrant, Acerola cherries and Rosehips （BACAR）） were determined during storage by Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） assays respectively. TP ranged from 1,943 to 2,692 mg L-1 gallic acid equivalent whereas FRAP from 43,217 to 126,125 μmol L-1 Trolox equivalent for the three smoothies on opening. BACAR had the highest TP and antioxidant activity. The smoothies showed significant decrease （P 〈 0.05） in TP during storage. The decrease in antioxidant activity was significant （P 〈 0.05） for BRAB and MAP only. However, the study revealed that the smoothies had high antioxidant activity even during shelf-life at 4 ℃ which implies that consumption of smoothies may give considerable antioxidant benefits. Correlation between TP and antioxidant activity was strong and highly significant （r = 0.890, P 〈 0.0001）.

Effects of carbohydrate supplements on exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction and ovarian subcellular structural changes in rats

Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods： Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly divided into five experimental groups： control group （C）, 9-week exercise as model for EAMD （E）, post-EAMD recovery group （R）, oligosaccharide intervention group （O）, and glucose intervention group （G）. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results： Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion： Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD.

Optimization and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Halwa Dry Mix

Indian traditional sweet dish i.e. halwa was developed from pearl millet grains. Pearl millet grains （Pennisetum typhoides var. PHB-2168） were steamed for 20 min at 1.05 kg cm^2 in order to minimize lipase activity, total phenols, phytic acid and tannins content. Steamed grains were dried （12 ± 0.5% moisture content）, pearled, milled, sieved through sieve opening size of 0.234 mm and were used for study. Central composite rotatable design （CCRD） with three independent variables i.e. vanaspati, sugar and water for rehydration were used to design the experiments. Sensory responses and rehydration ratio were used to study the individual and interactive effects of variables. Sensory score for colour varied from taste 6.3-7.9, mouth feel 6.4-7.8, overall acceptability （OAA） 6.5-7.9 and rehydration ratio （RR） from 1.4 to 2.3. All the responses fitted into quadratic equation with R2 〉 0.80. Halwa dry mix was also evaluated for stability in polyethylene pouches at ambient conditions and the peroxide and free fatty acids value were 21.35 meqO2 kg^-1 fat, 0.55% （oleic acid）, respectively after 6 months of storage. Based on compromise optimization, optimum levels of the ingredients recommended with 86.4% desirability were： vanaspati 38.6 g 100 g^-1 pearl millet semolina （PMS）, sugar 88.7 g 100 g^-1 PMS and water for rehydration 151 mL 100 g^-1 dry mix.

Clinical Study on the Relationship between the HCG Levels during the Late Pregnancy and the Delivery Mechanism

Objective： The relationship between the HCG levels during the late pregnancy and the delivery mechanism was discussed. Method： If the HCG levels during the late pregnancy were related to the delivery mechanism was studied by using the β -HCG changes of 100 women pregnant for 36 weeks, 37 weeks, 38 weeks, 39 weeks, 40 weeks, and 41 weeks, and also the [3 -HCG changes when their uterine orifice was opened for 3cm near the time of labor as the clinical data. All these cases were found to suffer no clinical complications. Result： The difference in HCG changes during the late pregnancy was of no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The β-HCG levels change during the late pregnancy is not significantly correlated with the labor onset time, and the labor onset time is unpredictable with the monitoring of the HCG levels change during the late pregnancy.