The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confi...The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid （solubilization rate of sludge） and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.展开更多
Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued ...Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued working in this way researching in a real seawater reverse osmosis plant following the items below. The objectives of this test are to get the minimum electrical consumption and energy costs for the operation of a sea water desalination plant using membranes. We need to compare the performance of the different membranes manufacturer＇s and to determine, under this new thermal scenario, the optimal configuration to get the water quality and quantity needs with the minimum energy consumption.展开更多
Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in ...Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.展开更多
The research object was high 120 m concrete gravity dam of the Angara Bratsk hydroelectric power plant. The state of the concrete dam is estimated based on the results of continuous supervision performed by site perso...The research object was high 120 m concrete gravity dam of the Angara Bratsk hydroelectric power plant. The state of the concrete dam is estimated based on the results of continuous supervision performed by site personnel as well as periodic monitoring. According to the classification of the interrelations in the system ＂concrete-environment＂, there were selected some important parts of dams and a comprehensive analysis of concrete was executed on these parts. Concerning the complex research of concrete, a combination of full-scale tests with core-sampling has been proposed. Core samples tests had an object to study the deep concrete layers and to determine the specific indicators such as strength, density, porosity, comparative diameter of capillary pores, CaO content in cement stone and others. Obtained findings and recommended criteria can be applied when selecting technologies for constructing dams that guarantee their durability in the north.展开更多
文摘The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid （solubilization rate of sludge） and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.
文摘Regarding the studies of other authors about energy performance of a reverse osmosis desalination plant operating with variable pressure; about desalination efficiency in their different recent articles, we continued working in this way researching in a real seawater reverse osmosis plant following the items below. The objectives of this test are to get the minimum electrical consumption and energy costs for the operation of a sea water desalination plant using membranes. We need to compare the performance of the different membranes manufacturer＇s and to determine, under this new thermal scenario, the optimal configuration to get the water quality and quantity needs with the minimum energy consumption.
文摘Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.
文摘The research object was high 120 m concrete gravity dam of the Angara Bratsk hydroelectric power plant. The state of the concrete dam is estimated based on the results of continuous supervision performed by site personnel as well as periodic monitoring. According to the classification of the interrelations in the system ＂concrete-environment＂, there were selected some important parts of dams and a comprehensive analysis of concrete was executed on these parts. Concerning the complex research of concrete, a combination of full-scale tests with core-sampling has been proposed. Core samples tests had an object to study the deep concrete layers and to determine the specific indicators such as strength, density, porosity, comparative diameter of capillary pores, CaO content in cement stone and others. Obtained findings and recommended criteria can be applied when selecting technologies for constructing dams that guarantee their durability in the north.
