水煤膏压力泌水特性与可泵性分析

通过实验研究了水煤膏的压力泌水特性 ,分析了颗粒粒度分布、含水量等对水煤膏的泵送特性的影响 ,并结合水煤膏塌落度指标 ,提出了水煤膏可泵性的评价指标。结果表明 :水煤膏的可泵性可以用塌落度和压力泌水总量两个指标表征。可泵性好的水煤膏其塌落度范围为 8～ 2 4cm ,相应的相对泌水率和泌水总量分别为S10 ≤ 40 %,V =70～ 110ml。

穿黄工程隧洞段饱和砂土的动强度特性研究

为了解在遭遇地震的情况下,穿黄隧洞的抗震安全性能,选取穿黄隧洞地基饱和砂土为样本,进行了室内饱和固结不排水动三轴试验,研究循环动荷载作用下饱和砂土的动强度特性和孔隙水压力特性,给出了循环动荷载的大小对动强度特性和孔隙水压力特性的影响规律。结果表明:静应力状态、动应力幅及其循环次数和试样密实程度等是影响穿黄工程隧洞段地基饱和砂土动强度特性和孔隙水压力特性的主要因素。

高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆模型试验

针对高速铁路无砟轨道出现的路基翻浆病害,构建了足尺的轨道路基翻浆模型试验系统,量测了路基翻浆发生过程中路基的含水率、基质吸力和超孔隙水压力,分析了高速列车动荷载作用下路基动水压力的变化规律,并探讨了高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆的机理和影响因素.结果表明:无砟轨道基床表层在雨水入渗条件下基本处于饱和状态,在列车动荷载的长期作用下,易发生翻浆病害;超孔隙水压力的显著增大导致路基发生翻浆,翻浆区域内超孔隙水压力的增量沿基床表层深度方向上保持不变;饱和状态下,底座板两侧路基的超孔隙水压力较路基中心线下更高,更易发生翻浆.降低路基含水率或孔隙水压力可有效地防止和抑制路基翻浆的发生.

红庆梁矿冻结管环形空间泥浆置换技术应用研究

通过室内试验、理论分析及现场监测，进行了泥浆置换充填施工参数、水泥浆缓凝剂配比、马头门水压力特性的研究。掌握了泥浆置换高度与缓凝水泥浆的调浆系数的确定方法。发现缓凝水泥浆在水灰比为1．5-1．7、缓凝剂加量为7％以上时，浆液性能最优。

Strength and energy exchange of deep sandstone under high hydraulic conditions

To investigate the influence of confining pressure and pore water pressure on strength characteristics,energy storage state and energy release intensity at peak failure of deep sandstone,a series of triaxial compression tests under hydraulic coupling conditions are carried out.By analyzing the process of rock deformation and failure,the stress thresholds of the rock are obtained.The change trend of total energy density,elastic energy density and dissipated energy density of deep sandstone in the pre-peak stage is obtained by the graphical integration method.By comparing the dynamic energy storage level of rocks under different confining pressures,the influence of pore water pressure on the energy dissipation at stress thresholds of crack closure stress,crack initiation stress,crack damage stress and peak stress is analyzed.Based on the ratio of pre-peak total energy density to post-peak total energy density,the interaction mechanism of confining pressure and pore water pressure for the rock burst proneness of deep sandstone is studied.The experimental results show that the peak stress of sandstone increases with the increase of confining pressure,while the existence of pore water pressure can weaken the peak stress of sandstone.In the stress stage from crack closure stress to peak stress,the dynamic energy storage level of rock presents a trend of the inverse“check mark”.Meanwhile,the larger the confining pressure,the higher the energy storage level of rock.However,the pore water pressure increases the degree of energy dissipation of rock and reduces the energy storage capacity of rock,and the degree of dissipation is linear with pore water pressure.The increase of confining pressure aggravates the instability and failure of deep sandstone,while pore water pressure has the opposite effect.The research results will provide necessary data support for the stability analysis of rock mass excavation in sandstone stratum under high stress and high pore water pressure.

The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure Fields on the Dispersion Characteristics of Fluid-shell Coupled System

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vibration dispersion characteristics of fluid-shell coupled structures was studied.Both fluid-loaded cylindrical shells and fluid-filled cylindrical shells were considered.Numerical analysis was applied to solve the dispersion equations for shells filled with or loaded with fluid at various hydrostatic pressures.The results for external pressure showed that non-dimensional axial wave numbers are nearly independent when the pressure is below the critical level.The influence of internal pressure on wave numbers was found significant for the real branch s=1 and the complex branches of dispersion curves.The presence of internal pressure increased the cut on frequencies for the branch s=1 for high order wave modes.

Flooding Characteristics of Hydrofoil Impeller in a Two- and Three-phase Stirred Tank

The flooding characteristics of hydrofoil impeller were systematically investigated in a two-and three-phase 383 mm i.d. stirred tank operated on air, water and spherical glass beads. The volumetric solid concen-tration Cs was varied from 0 to 25%. And the superficial gas velocity Ug was at the range of 0-0.096 m·s-1. A fast and objective method for identifying flooding point NF is developed based on the statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuation signals. It is found, the effect of solid concentration on the flooding point NF depends on the gas velocity. At the lower gas velocity (Ug = 0.010 m·s-1), the solid concentration has only a minor effect. However, it displays a very significant effect on the flooding point NF at the medium and high gas velocity. The flooding point NF linearly increases with the gas velocity Ug, at lower solid concentration (Cs = 0, 10%). When Cs = 20%, the behavior of NF versus Ug becomes more complex. The correlations of the flooding characteristics in the slurry stirred tank are proposed by considering the solid concentration effect.

Hydrophilic characteristics of soft rock in deep mines

A series of water absorption tests on dried soft rock have been conducted by the intelligent testing system for water absorption tests in deep soft rock, including tests of water absorption with and without pres- sure. The results show that the water absorbing capacity of rock with a certain pressure is larger than that of rock without pressure： however, the relationship between the water absorbing percentage and the time can be expressed by w（t） = a（l - e^-bt）. In hi-logarithmic coordinates, the hydrophilic relationship with time in tests with pressure could be characterized by linearity, while they present concave or convex in tests without pressure. Based on the hypothesis that each influential factor is irrelevant and they have a linear correlation with the water absorbing capacity, we calculated the weight coefficient of each factor according to experimental results under different conditions. The calculations demonstrate that the effec- tive porosity, content of smectite and kaolinite are all positively correlated with the water absorption capacity of rock; meanwhile, the fractal dimension of the effective pores presents a negative correlation with the water absorption capacity of rock. The water absorption capacity with pressure increases with increasing illite, chlorite and chlorite/smectite formation and a decrease in illite/smectite formation and the fractal dimension of the effective pores, while it is opposite in tests without pressure. The weight coefficient of smectite is smallest among positive factors, and the fractal dimension of the effective pores is the smallest amongst the negative factors.

ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THICK-WALLCYLINDER CONSIDERING THE MATERIAL'S DILATANCY CHARACTER

Impermeable bentonite or its mixtures have been proposed as candidate materials to be used in the geotechnical disposal of radioactive nuclear waste. These materials are filled in the space between a canister containing radioactive nuclear waste and an underground chamber to absorb the radionuclide emitting from the canister and simultaneously retard its migration accompanying the perrneation of underground water to prevent the surrounding environment from po1lution. On the basis of the established elastoplastic strain-hardening mechanical model considering the material’s dilatancy character,the authors carry out the stress-strain analysis of a thick-wa1l cylinder in a plane strain state subJected to a pressure difference between internal and external pressures. The analysis may be expected to be a theoretical basis for developing a coupled shear and permeability test apparatus for conducting a permeability test along a sheared plane in a specimen. The apparatus will be used to study the effects of shear strain on the variation of geotechnical materials’ permeability coefficient in order to evaluate the influence of shear strain caused by nonuniform deformation and/or earthquake on the long-term safety of the disposal system of radioactive nuclear waste. The theoretlcal analysls methods in this paper can be directly spread to the analysis of the deformation and stability of tunnels or roadways driven in soft soils or high moisture-bearing soft rocks.

Experimental study on pressure fluctuation characteristics of slug flow in horizontal curved tubes

In order to study the pressure characteristics of slug flow in horizontal curved tubes,two kinds of curved tubes with central angle 45° and 90° respectively are studied,of which are with 0. 5m circumference and 26 mm inner diameter are used. When the superficial liquid velocity or the superficial gas velocity is constant,the pressure fluctuations and the probability distribution of the average velocity of slug flow are clear for all of the five experimental conditions. The results of experiment show that the pressure characteristics of slug flow in curved tubes have periodic fluctuations. With the rise of central angle,the period of pressure fluctuation is more obvious. The system pressure of the slug flow increases with the increasing of superficial liquid/gas velocity. Meanwhile,the probability distribution of pressure signal shows regularity,such as unimodal,bimodal or multimodal.

干湿循环下云南红土型坝坡模型试验研究

本文以云南红土型大坝为研究对象,考虑库水位升降引起的干湿循环作用,采用室内概化模型试验方法,开展红土型大坝的模型试验,研究干湿循环作用下坝坡红土体的土压力、孔隙水压力以及颗粒组成等变化特性。试验结果表明:随干湿循环次数增大,坝坡高程较低处红土体的土压力呈先减小后稳定的趋势,高程较高处土压力呈先增大后稳定的趋势,孔隙水压力呈增大趋势;随坝坡高程增加,红土体的土压力减小,孔隙水压力减小;随库水位增大,增湿过程、脱湿过程中坝坡红土体的土压力呈减小趋势,孔隙水压力呈增大趋势;随增湿-脱湿变化,较低高程位置,增湿过程的土压力大于脱湿过程的土压力;较高高程位置,增湿过程的土压力小于脱湿过程的土压力,增湿过程孔隙水压力增大,脱湿过程孔隙水压力减小到初始值,具有可逆性;库水位升降的干湿循环过程中,红土坝坡呈现出坡顶开裂、上坡面细颗粒迁出、大块土体剥落、坡脚颗粒堆积的上凹下凸的坡面轮廓线变化特征。

Effect of total phosphorous pollution on cavitation pressure characteristics of working water used in turbines

Many experiments have proven that with increasing silt and gas(out-of-phase media)content in water,the cavitation characteristics change and the cavitation pressure increases.Currently,many large reservoirs in China are polluted by total phosphorus(TP)and other chemical contaminants because of the use of phosphate fertilizer runoff from agriculture.However,research regarding how chemical pollutants(in the form of out-of-phase media)affect the cavitation pressure characteristics of water is sparse.In this paper,the Goupitan Hydropower Station,the largest hydropower reservoir on the Wujiang River,which is heavily polluted by TP,is taken as an example to evaluate the effects of chemical pollution on water cavitation pressure characteristics.In this study,the cavitation pressure characteristics of polluted and clean water are compared.The results show that the cavitation pressure of water polluted by chemicals is larger than that of clean water.In a hydraulic power generation system,cavitation and cavitation erosion are likely to occur earlier in runners when the fluid is polluted.These results are of great importance to further studies of cavitation theory and can directly influence the arrangement of turbines in practical engineering.

Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Based Sensor for Pressure Sensing

In this paper, a two-dimensional photonic crystal （2DPC） based pressure sensor is proposed and designed, and the sensing characteristics such as the sensitivity and dynamic range are analyzed over the range of pressure from 0 GPa to 7 GPa. The sensor is based on 2DPC with the square array of silicon rods surrounded by air. The sensor consists of two photonic crystal quasi waveguides and L3 defect. The L3 defect is placed in between two waveguides and is formed by modifying the radius of three Si rods. It is noticed that through simulation, the resonant wavelength of the sensor is shifted linearly towards the higher wavelength region while increasing the applied pressure level. The achieved sensitivity and dynamic range of the sensor is 2 nm/GPa and 7 Gpa, respectively.

Thermal Characteristics of Air-Water Spray Impingement Cooling of Hot Metallic Surface under Controlled Parametric Conditions

Experimental results on the thermal characteristics of air-water spray impingement cooling of hot metallic surface are presented and discussed in this paper.The controlling input parameters investigated were the combined air and water pressures,plate thickness,water flow rate,nozzle height from the target surface and initial temperature of the hot surface.The effects of these input parameters on the important thermal characteristics such as heat transfer rate,heat transfer coefficient and wetting front movement were measured and examined.Hot flat plate samples of mild steel with dimension 120 mm in length,120 mm breadth and thickness of 4 mm,6 mm,and 8mm respectively were tested.The air assisted water spray was found to be an effective cooling media and method to achieve very high heat transfer rate from the surface.Higher heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficients were obtained for the lesser i.e,4 mm thick plates.Increase in the nozzle height reduced the heat transfer efficiency of spray cooling.At an inlet water pressure of 4 bar and air pressure of 3 bar,maximum cooling rates670℃/s and average cooling rate of 305.23℃/s were achieved for a temperature of 850℃ of the steel plate.