This paper presents the experimental pressure loss of water flow through perforated plates with geometry similar to the ones of the bottom end piece of a Pressurized Water Reactors （PWR） fuel element. Geometric feat...This paper presents the experimental pressure loss of water flow through perforated plates with geometry similar to the ones of the bottom end piece of a Pressurized Water Reactors （PWR） fuel element. Geometric features like the number, pattern and diameter of holes were evaluated as well as different inlet chamfers. The recovering pressure profile downstream of the plates was also measured. The experimental results were compared with numerical modeling performed with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） code CFX 11.0. The analysis of the results shows that the standard k-e turbulence model presents the best compromise between computing time and accuracy for the calculation of the total pressure loss through the perforated plates tested.展开更多
The LIVE （Late In-Vessel Phase Experiments） test program investigates in-vessel melt pool behaviour and cooling strategies for in-vessel corium retention during severe accidents in light water reactors （LWR）. The ...The LIVE （Late In-Vessel Phase Experiments） test program investigates in-vessel melt pool behaviour and cooling strategies for in-vessel corium retention during severe accidents in light water reactors （LWR）. The main part of the LIVE facility is a 1：5 scaled semi-spherical lower head of a typical pressurized water reactor. Up to now, LIVE experiments have been performed in different initial external cooling conditions, melt volumes and internal heat generations. At present the well-known simulant material KNO3-NaNO3 in non-eutectic composition （80 mole% KNO3-20 mole% NaNO3） and in eutectic composition （50 mole% KNO3- 50 mole% NaNO3） is used in the live program. The 3D heat flux distribution through vessel wall, melt pool temperature, crust thickness and the pool melt composition can be measured or determined. Extensive results have been obtained concerning the melt pool thermal hydraulic behaviour in transient and in steady state conditions.展开更多
This research presents the results of system validation tests for an SOFC power system. In the study, the system was heated up without electric device, i.e., the fuel providing the required thermal energy through an i...This research presents the results of system validation tests for an SOFC power system. In the study, the system was heated up without electric device, i.e., the fuel providing the required thermal energy through an integrated BOP （balance of plant）. The ex-situ experiments, without an SOFC stack installed in the system, were fast conducted to investigate the operability of a BOP apparatus. It was found that the BOP possessed high conversion rates for both steam reforming and water gas shift reactions. The total fuel concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformer was around 91.2%. The system validation tests showed that, with the natural gas as fuel, the output power from the stack reached to 1,060 W, while the fuel utilization efficiency and electrical efficiency were 67.16% and 45.0%, respectively. A steady 600-hour system operation test was carried out at an average system temperature of 694℃. Of which, a 36-cell stack was employed for the test. Meanwhile, the current, voltage and output power were 26 A, 32.3 V and 840 W, respectively, and its electrical efficiency was around 33.4%.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the experimental pressure loss of water flow through perforated plates with geometry similar to the ones of the bottom end piece of a Pressurized Water Reactors （PWR） fuel element. Geometric features like the number, pattern and diameter of holes were evaluated as well as different inlet chamfers. The recovering pressure profile downstream of the plates was also measured. The experimental results were compared with numerical modeling performed with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） code CFX 11.0. The analysis of the results shows that the standard k-e turbulence model presents the best compromise between computing time and accuracy for the calculation of the total pressure loss through the perforated plates tested.
文摘The LIVE （Late In-Vessel Phase Experiments） test program investigates in-vessel melt pool behaviour and cooling strategies for in-vessel corium retention during severe accidents in light water reactors （LWR）. The main part of the LIVE facility is a 1：5 scaled semi-spherical lower head of a typical pressurized water reactor. Up to now, LIVE experiments have been performed in different initial external cooling conditions, melt volumes and internal heat generations. At present the well-known simulant material KNO3-NaNO3 in non-eutectic composition （80 mole% KNO3-20 mole% NaNO3） and in eutectic composition （50 mole% KNO3- 50 mole% NaNO3） is used in the live program. The 3D heat flux distribution through vessel wall, melt pool temperature, crust thickness and the pool melt composition can be measured or determined. Extensive results have been obtained concerning the melt pool thermal hydraulic behaviour in transient and in steady state conditions.
文摘This research presents the results of system validation tests for an SOFC power system. In the study, the system was heated up without electric device, i.e., the fuel providing the required thermal energy through an integrated BOP （balance of plant）. The ex-situ experiments, without an SOFC stack installed in the system, were fast conducted to investigate the operability of a BOP apparatus. It was found that the BOP possessed high conversion rates for both steam reforming and water gas shift reactions. The total fuel concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformer was around 91.2%. The system validation tests showed that, with the natural gas as fuel, the output power from the stack reached to 1,060 W, while the fuel utilization efficiency and electrical efficiency were 67.16% and 45.0%, respectively. A steady 600-hour system operation test was carried out at an average system temperature of 694℃. Of which, a 36-cell stack was employed for the test. Meanwhile, the current, voltage and output power were 26 A, 32.3 V and 840 W, respectively, and its electrical efficiency was around 33.4%.
