基于改进IDI指标体系的G20成员国信息通信技术发展水平研究

在国际电信联盟曾使用的信息通信技术(ICT)发展指数(IDI)基础上,提出改进的信息通信技术发展指数。通过分析2007—2020年二十国集团(G20)的19个成员国的IDI指数和ICT相关指标揭示了G20成员国在信息通信技术发展方面的特点和差异性。分析发现G20成员国信息通信技术发展水平均有较大幅度的提升,国家之间的信息通信技术发展差距逐渐缩小,但增长速度和发展水平仍存在较大差异;G20成员国中韩国、日本、法国、德国和英国的信息通信技术发展水平最高,美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、沙特阿拉伯和俄罗斯的信息通信技术发展居于G20成员国的中上水平,意大利、阿根廷、中国、巴西、土耳其的发展居于中下水平,墨西哥、南非、印度尼西亚和印度的信息通信技术发展水平较低。

Multiscale Simulation Starting at the Molecular Level for Adsorption Process Development

This article presents a multiscale simulation approach starting at the molecular level for the adsorption process development. A grand canonical Monte Carlo method is used for the prediction of adsorption isotherms of methanol on an activated carbon at the molecular level. The adsorption isotherms obtained in the linear region （or adsorption constant） are exploited as a model parameter required for the adsorption process simulation. The adsorption process model described by a set of partial differential equations （PDEs） is solved by using the conservation element and solution element method, which produces a fast and an accurate numerical solution to PDEs. The simulation results obtained from the adsorption constant estimated at the molecular level are in good agreement with the experimental results of the pulse response. The systematical multiscale simulation approach addressed in this study may be useful to accelerate the adsorption process development by reducing the number of experiments.

Study of electromagnetic and acoustic emission in creep experiments of water-containing rock samples

Based on biaxial shear creep tests conducted on rock samples with different water contents, we present the results of our study on the regularities of electromagnetic and acoustic emission during the process of creep experiments in which we have analyzed the contribution of water to the occurrence of electromagnetic radiation. The result shows that in the creep-fracturing course of rock samples, when the water content increases, the initial frequency and amplitude of electromagnetic and acoustic emission also increases, but at a decreasing growth rate caused by loading stress. This can be used as a criterion for the long-term stability of rock masses under conditions of repeated inundation and discharge of water.

A Technical Review of Hydro-Project Development in China

This paper summarizes the development of hydro-projects in China,blended with an international perspective.It expounds major technical progress toward ensuring the safe construction of high dams and river harnessing,and covers the theorization of uneven non-equilibrium sediment transport,inter-basin water diversion,giant hydro-generator units,pumped storage power stations,underground caverns,ecological protection,and so on.

New technology opens the door for deepwater development

The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends. The focus was on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, the technology advancement, innovations and challenges in offshore engineering were discussed and demonstrated. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding was discussed, which covered water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers was presented.

Developments of coalbed methane development in the U.S.

After decades of development and technology advancement, coalbed methane has become an important source for U S. energy consumption. Especial in recent year, U S. coalbed methane production continues its healthy growth rate of about 10% per year. The paper takes emphasis on the technology developments and the engineering approaches of coalbed methane in the U S.

Deepwater oil and gas field development in South China Sea

This paper focuses on potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in South China Sea. A detailed study of current development models worldwide is performed through some examples of industry installed/ongoing projects and major technical issues encountered during these practice. Key technologies are discussed for the success of field development. Some of the technologies and field development experience can be used for South China Sea project. Several models are studied in field development for different scenarios,including marginal field,large oil field and gas field. With the massive investment activities,continued improved technologies,and rapidly growing pool of professionals,the offshore industry in China will soon encounter a golden period.

Prospect of the Seawater Desalination Technology

This article classifies the seawater desalination technology into four types of hot method, membrane method, electric field method and solvent method. Electric field method and solvent method still remain experimental stage, while hot method and membrane method have been realized in commercialization but are difficult to be promoted. The problem lies in high water-producing cost. It is difficult for membrane method seawater desalination technology to reduce the water-producing cost. The heat utilization efficiency is not high for the current hot method seawater desalination technology and there is large amount of heat lost with the emission of concentrated seawater. The new hot method seawater desalination technology and new solar-powered seawater desalination technology can divide the seawater into fresh water and solid salt without any emission of concentrated seawater so that the heat utilization efficiency can reach theoretical limit to multiply reduce the water-producing cost. They will become the mainstream technology for seawater desalination and can totally eliminate the global water crisis.

Feasibility analysis for monitoring fatigue crack in hydraulic turbine blades using acoustic emission technique

In order to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the fatigue cracks in turbine blades using acoustic emission (AE) technique, the AE characteristics of fatigue crack growth were studied in the laboratory. And the characteristics were compared with those of background noise received from a real hydraulic turbine unit. It is found that the AE parameters such as the energy and duration can qualitatively describe the fatigue state of the blades. The correlations of crack propagation rates and acoustic emission count rates vs stress intensity factor (SIF) range are also obtained. At the same time, for the specimens of 20SiMn under the given testing conditions, it is noted that the rise time and duration of events emitted from the fatigue process are lower than those from the background noise; amplitude range is 49-74 dB, which is lower than that of the noise (90-99 dB); frequency range of main energy of crack signals is higher than 60 kHz while that in the noise is lower than 55 kHz. Thus, it is possible to extract the useful crack signals from the noise through appropriate signal processing methods and to represent the crack status of blade materials by AE parameters. As a result, it is feasible to monitor the safety of runners using AE technique.

Hydro Bioreactor a Sustainable Technology for Vermicomposting

The adverse impact of chemical agriculture in the India on the soil, water, environment and human health （of consumers and farm families） exacerbates rural poverty, even as agriculture productivity remains low. Poor families, especially women, are the most affected by the health and environmental risks that are brought on by chemical agriculture, and they are hardest hit by the deteriorating productivity. On the other hand, the solid waste management problem in India is increasingly being felt in rural and urban areas. In this study, the author proposes to practice ofvermicomposting as technology for both sustainable agriculture and solid waste management, using the Hydro Bioreactor with vegetable waste. This technique is studied in the present research work which is simple and potentially inexpensive. Experiments were conducted to determine the changes in the physicochemical parameters and the dominant species of microorganisms at different temperatures during entire process of vermicomposting were investigated. The vermicompost developed in the hydro bioreactor was found to have comparatively high value of nutrients which can serve as natural fertilizer. The hydro bioreactor vermicomposting has proved very effective and efficient for developing compost from vegetable waste.

Employability Skills Needed by Higher Vocational Education Graduates to Be Successful in the Workplace

The current issues in workforce development are on high competence not only in technical skills, but also in non-technical skills. The term of non-technical skills is also called as employability skills. The research with topic analysis and development ofemployability skills of polytechnic students aims to： describe supervisors＇ perceptions of the importance of the employability skills needed in the workplace; describe supervisors＇ perceptions of the students＇ level of competence at performing the employability skills; and find the attributes of employability skills that are need to prioritize for development. Research sample has been selected by using a stratified random sampling from the supervisor of last year students when they are on the job training in industry. Total 146 supervisors participated in this research. The Employability Skills Questionnaire with a five-point Liken scale was used to assess perceptions level of importance of identified employability skills and students＇ level of competence. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, means and standard deviations, and priority development analysis. Three main groups of the employability skills with highest important level are： workplace health and safety, self-management, and team working. Students have a high level of competence in occupational health and safety, self-management and learning skills. There are three attributes of employability skills in high priority category for developed： knowing the benefits of computer application programs are needed in the work, taking the initiative in organizing activities, and participating in learning activities to gain new experience.

Development and application of new material and athletic sports

In today＇s world of sports competition is actually the competition of science and technology, and advanced materials are one of the important conditions for improving the level of sports science and technology. Using the method of literature and logic method, analyzes the application of material technology in competitive sports in the. The results show that： the improvement of sports performance has a strong dependence on the new material; application of new materials in competitive sports, raise the level of competitive sports, promote the development of sports. It will further promote the sports equipment, venues and other scientific.

Evaluation of Material-based Development of China Using GIS Methods

Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional development. Thus, focusing on material wealth, regional development can be evaluated from resources and perspective of resources conversion. Taking the infrastructural level, transportation accessibility and economic development level into full account, the concept of "material-based development" was presented and the material-based development index (MDI) model was established. By using the MDI model, geographic information system technology and mathematic methods, this article then calculated MDI of each county and province of China in 2005 and systematically evaluated the material-based development of China at county and provincial scales, so as to bring some scientific references and policy-making supports to the population development function oriented zoning and population spatial distribution planning of China. The result showed that: (1) At county scale, the material-based development of counties within China in 2005 was significantly different, in which there were 1876 counties belonging to the mid-level material-based development and accounted for 78.10% of the total. The numbers of high-level and low-level counties were 144 and 382 and accounted for 6.00% and 15.90% respectively, demonstrating a spindle shape in general. The spatial distribution of material-based development was unbalanced, and it was much better in southeastern part of the line of "Daxinganling–Yinshan-Liupanshan–southeast edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau" than that of northwestern. Furthermore, there were also differences of the sub-index between different material-based development levels. Therefore, for different regions, key issues and measures adaptable to local condition should be prioritized and taken in order to realize regional balance development. (2) At provincial scale, there was also significant difference between each province and the spatial distribution of it was "high in the east, low in the west" in general. It meant that the capacity of natural resources attraction and conversion of east China was better than that of west China. The infrastructure level was the main factor ac- counting for the differences of material-based development levelsamong provinces. As a result, our government should make great efforts to improve infrastructure condition, especially the western part of China, so as to narrow the gap between the western part and the eastern part to realize the coordinated development within different regions and rapidly socio-economic development of China.

Research on Application of Ultrafiltration Technology in Chemical Process

Ultrafiltration is a new practical technique of a chemical process, its development prospect is very broad, so it is a very wide application in chemical process, this paper combined with ultrafiltration technique in a ultrafiltration company, the ultrafiltration technique should be used to analyzes and discusses in ultrafiltration process. Finally, the article gives the process of ultrafiltration technology in city living water, ultrafiltration technology has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low energy consumption, good removal effect of phosphorus in chemical enhanced ultrafiltration micelle research field.

Fish genome manipulation and directional breeding

Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing agricultural industries worldwide.One of the most important factors for sustainable aquaculture is the development of high performing culture strains.Genome manipulation offers a powerful method to achieve rapid and directional breeding in fish.We review the history of fish breeding methods based on classical genome manipulation,including polyploidy breeding and nuclear transfer.Then,we discuss the advances and applications of fish directional breeding based on transgenic technology and recently developed genome editing technologies.These methods offer increased efficiency,precision and predictability in genetic improvement over traditional methods.

Industrialization prospects for hydrogen production by coal gasification in supercritical water and novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system with no pollution emission

Energy conversion and utilization, particularly carbon-based fuel burning in air phase, have caused great environmental pollution and serious problems to society. The reactions in water phase may have the potential to realize clean and efficient energy conversion and utilization. Coal gasification in supercritical water is a typical carbon-based fuel conversion process in water phase, and it takes the advantages of the unique chemical and physical properties of supercritical water to convert organic matter in coal to H2 and CO2. N, S, P, Hg and other elements are deposited as inorganic salts to avoid pollution emission. The State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering has obtained extensive experimental and theoretical results based on coal gasification in supercritical water. Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor was developed for coal gasification and seven kinds of typical feedstock were selected. The hydrogen yield covers from 0.67 to 1.74 Nm3/kg and the carbon gasification efficiency is no less than 97%. This technology has a bright future in industrialization not only in electricity generation but also in hydrogen production and high value-added chemicals. Given the gas yield obtained in laboratory-scale unit, the hydrogen production cost is U.S.$ 0.111 Nm3 when the throughput capacity is 2000 t/d. A novel thermodynamic cycle power generation system based on coal gasification in supercritical water was proposed with the obvious advantages of high coal-electricity conversion efficiency and zero pollutant emission. The cost of U.S.$ 3.69 billion for desulfuration, denitration and dust removal in China in 2013 would have been saved with this technology. Five kinds of heat supply methods are analyzed and the rates of return of investment are roughly estimated. An integrated cooperative innovation center called a new type of high-efficient coal gasification technology and its large-scale utilization was founded to enhance the industrialization of the technology vigorously.