水合-脱水处理在烤烟种子活力中的作用

对不同活力水平烤烟 K32 6 种子进行水合 -脱水处理 ,并用生理及生化指标对不同处理进行测定与分析。结果表明 ,水合 -脱水处理种子后 ,可提高中、低等活力水平种子的活力 ,而对高活力的种子的活力则有轻微的抑制作用。在水合 -脱水处理中 ,以水分平衡——浸泡——干燥处理的效果最佳。这对提高中。

水合脱水处理对油菜种子某些生理生化特性的影响(简报)

自然老化和人工老化杂交油菜种子的发芽率和活力均较低，但经水合脱水处理后，则有明显提高；且种子浸出液的电导率、糖分浸出量和脂肪酶活性均明显降低；而脱氢酶活性有所提高，种子类脂过氧化反应明显减轻。水合脱水处理中以水分平衡－浸泡－脱水处理的效果最好。

水合脱水处理对甜糯玉米种子萌发及活力的影响

本试验以北京甜糯2号、港澳超级甜糯和港澳超甜3号3个品种的玉米种子做试验,每品种设置4种处理方式,通过研究不同水合脱水处理(干湿交替)探寻对甜糯玉米种子萌发及活力的影响。

种子引发处理对棉花种子发芽的影响

对新疆棉花主栽品种“新陆早10号”种子采用不同的处理方法,调查了各处理种子发芽速度、发芽整齐度、发芽试验及种苗萌发试验。结果表明:6种不同水合时间和水量的处理中,6 h的水合时间处理获得了最高的发芽势和发芽率、较好的发芽整齐度和较快的发芽速度,是较为理想的水合处理方法。棉花种子的引发处理能够有效的提高种子活力、加速种苗萌发、提高种子发芽整齐度和发芽率。其中大分子PEG盐渗处理(OP)在加快种子发芽和种苗萌发的速度上显著优于未处理种子,略优于6 h水合处理;而水合处理(HP)在提高种子的发芽势、发芽率及最大发芽率方面显著优于OP和未处理种子。但HP和OP处理后种子的畸形苗和染病种苗率显著上升,这与前人的报道结果相一致。有关棉花种子引发处理与种带病原菌的发生间的关系有待进一步研究。

水合-脱水处理对玉米杂交种活力影响的研究

以登海种业提供的5个玉米杂交种登海815、登海720、登海253、登海2511和登海255的新收干种子为试验材料,将其先吸水再脱水至20%~25%、26%~30%和31%~35%3个不同含水量范围后,分别研究3种不同含水量范围的种子在25℃适温和10℃低温条件下的种子萌发及幼苗生长情况。研究结果表明,适温下,玉米种子吸水再脱水至不同含水量范围时,与干燥种子相比,种子的发芽力指标没有明显差别;生理指标有较明显的差别,当种子吸水后再脱水至20%~25%的含水量区间时,幼苗的相关生理指标较其他含水量范围及干燥状态时表现优越,主要表现在苗高、根长、单苗干重的增加。低温胁迫下,玉米种子吸水再脱水至不同含水量范围时,与干燥种子相比,种子的发芽力指标及生理指标均有明显差别,当种子含水量在26%~30%范围内对种子的活力提高最大,主要表现在发芽势、发芽率、苗高、根长、苗均干重等的增加。

种子引发处理对棉花种子健康性的影响

对新疆棉花主栽品种“新陆早10号”种子采用水合(HP)和盐渗(OP)两种不同的处理方法,调查各处理种带病原菌的种类和发生率。结果表明:未经任何处理的棉花种子的种带致病菌和腐生菌的种类较多,发生率较高。HP和OP处理能显著降低棉花立枯丝核菌、黄萎病菌、镰刀菌等种带致病菌的发生,但对青霉菌和黑根霉菌等腐生菌的发生有诱发作用。种子表面消毒对未处理种子和水合处理种子种带病原菌的发生有较好的抑制作用,尤其是对腐生菌的发生有明显的抑制作用,但对盐渗处理后的种子腐生菌的发生抑制作用不大,相反,黄萎病菌的发生率大大提高(11.5%)。2种种子处理方法比较而言,6 h的水合处理对棉花种带致病菌,尤其是枯、黄萎病的发生有很好的抑制作用,如果再辅以种子表面消毒,还能大大降低青霉菌、黑根霉菌等腐生菌的发生率,是一种较为理想的种子处理方法。

柠檬酸盐对阳极箔形成速度与比电容的影响

为了提高铝电解电容器用高压阳极箔形成速度与比电容,将水合处理后的腐蚀箔在95℃、2 g/L柠檬酸钠去离子水溶液中浸泡5 min,在530 V电压化成时,形成时间缩短约2 min,化成箔比电容由0.556×10–6 F.cm–2提高至0.584×10–6 F.cm–2,阳极氧化铝膜的结构与性能得到改善。

提高罐藏蘑菇的得率的研究

为了探讨提高罐藏蘑菇得率的更好方法 ,用正交试验设计方法进一步分析浸泡 -冷藏 -浸泡处理与浸泡 -冷藏 -真空水合处理方法中各因素以及蘑菇的预煮时间、预煮液中的柠檬酸浓度对罐藏蘑菇的得率的影响。试验结果表明 ,在浸泡 -冷藏 -浸泡处理与浸泡 -冷藏 -真空水合处理方法中 ,只有冷藏处理显著影响罐藏蘑菇的得率。蘑菇的预煮时间与预煮液中的柠檬酸浓度对罐藏蘑菇的得率也有较显著的影响。将蘑菇在 2℃的条件下作 2 0～ 2 4h的冷藏处理后再预煮 ,并适当延长预煮时间可提高罐藏蘑菇的得率。

提高烤烟种子活力相关技术研究

通过水合—脱水方法及H2O2浸种处理,对7份不同活力水平的烤烟K326种子进行处理,并应用生理及生化指标对不同的处理结果进行了测定和分析。水合—脱水方法和H2O2浸种处理烤烟种子后,均能不同程度地提高中、低等活力水平,烤烟K326种子的活力,主要表现在种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数(简化)及活力指数(简化),有了明显的提高,种子浸种后的相对电导率与对照相比明显降低。而对高活力种子的活力则有轻微的抑制作用。在水合—脱水处理烤烟种子中,以水分平衡—浸泡—干燥处理的效果最佳。H2O2处理烤烟种子中,处理浓度为0 2%,浸种1d的效果最好。

Using 4C OBS to reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates at the northern continental slope of South China Sea

To investigate the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of South China Sea, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted four-component （4C） ocean-bottom seismometer （OBS） surveys. A case study is presented to show the results of acquiring and processing OBS data for detecting gas hydrates. Key processing steps such as repositioning, reorientation, PZ summation, and mirror imaging are discussed. Repositioning and reorientation find the correct location and direction of nodes. PZ summation matches P- and Z-components and sums them to separate upgoing and downgoing waves. Upgoing waves are used in conventional imaging, whereas downgoing waves are used in mirror imaging. Mirror imaging uses the energy of the receiver ghost reflection to improve the illumination of shallow structures, where gas hydrates and the associated bottom-simulating reflections （BSRs） are located. We developed a new method of velocity analysis using mirror imaging. The proposed method is based on velocity scanning and iterative prestack time migration. The final imaging results are promising. When combined with the derived velocity field, we can characterize the BSR and shallow structures; hence, we conclude that using 4C OBS can reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates.

TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合氧化膜制备工艺对铝基化成箔比电容的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,乙酰丙酮为抑制剂制备了二氧化钛溶胶,利用阴极电泳沉积法并结合二级阳极氧化处理在腐蚀箔表面制备TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合氧化膜.研究了水合预处理、电泳沉积电压、电泳沉积时间对复合氧化膜质量和化成箔比容及耐压值的影响.结果显示:在电泳沉积前对腐蚀箔进行水合处理可以使阳极箔在阳极氧化阶段的升压时间减少33%;当电泳沉积电压为15 V,电泳沉积时间为20 s时,TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合氧化膜的比容最大,比Al_2O_3膜提高约17%.

Effects of heat treatment conditions and Y-doping on structure and phase transition temperature of VO2 powders

The VO2 powders were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis.The effects of heat treatment conditions and Y-doping on the structure and phase transition temperature of VO2 were studied.The XRD,SEM and TEM results show that the heat treatment temperature has a significant effect on the crystal transformation of VO2 precursor.Increasing temperature is conducive to the transformation of precursor VO2(B)to ultrafine VO2(M).The Y-doping affects the structure of VO2.Y^3+can occupy the lattice position of V4+to form YVO4 solid solution,which can increase the cell parameters of VO2.Due to the lattice deformation caused by Y-doping,the aggregation of particles is prevented,and the grain is refined obviously.DSC curves show that Y-doping can reduce the phase transition temperature of VO2(M).After adding 9 at.%Y,the phase transition temperature can be reduced from 68.3 to 61.3℃.

Synergism of Novel Sequence Bio-ecological Process and Biological Aerated Filter for Sewage Treatment in Cold Climate

A lab-scale integrated treatment system including the novel sequence bio-ecological process （SBEP） and biological aerated filter （BAF） for a sewage mixture （chemistry laboratory wastewater and domestic sewage） was presented in this paper. The main objective of the study was to test the contribution of artificial aeration, recir-culation ratio and mass concentration of steel slag on pollutant removal in winter when the plants are dormant. It had been shown that SBEP and BAF play different roles in removing contaminants from wastewater. During the airflow experiment, the removal efficiency of COD and TP in SBEP was higher than that in BAF, whereas BAF can compensate for the deficiency of SBEP where no significant improvement on ammonium nitrogen removal is ob-served. Yet, the removal etticiencies of COD,TP and NH4^＋ -N in SBEP could be improved apparently when ditterent recireulation ratio or various mass concentration of steel were applied. Especially, when the airflow of 0.06 L·h^-1, the recirculation ratio rate of 80% and the mass concentration of steel of 2.2-2.4 g·L^-1 were applied, thehighest efficiency of 94.6%, 77.9% and 80.7% for COD, TP and NH4^＋ -N were achieved,-respectively,The integrated treatment system of SBEP and BAF was proved to be an effective wastewater treatment technique and a better alternative to treat domestic sewage.

In-situ route for the graphitized carbon/TiO composite photocatalysts with enhanced removal efficiency to emerging phenolic pollutants

TiO2 is the most photoactive material because of its superstrong photooxidizing ability,and TiO2 photocatalysis has been widely applied in sustainable water treatment and environmental remediation.However,poor sunlight or visible-light harvesting efficiency and fast recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers severely limit the practical applications of TiO2.To overcome these problems,the present work demonstrates a facile in-situ co-condensation method combined with hydrothermal treatment to prepare a series of graphitized carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts,and anatase TiO2 phase andp-p-conjugated polycyclic aromatic carbon structure are created simultaneously.As-prepared TiO2/C composites exhibit remarkably high visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous emerging phenolic pollutants,acetaminophen(APAP)and methylparaben(MPB),and apparent rate constant of the TiO2/C composite with carbon doping level of 10.3%for APAP and MPB removal is 7.6 and 2.8 times higher than that of bare TiO2,and 6.2 and 2.6 times higher than that of Degussa P25 TiO2.Based on the results of photoelectrochemical experiments,indirect chemical probe measurements,and ESR spectroscopy,it is verified that doping TiO2 with graphitized carbon is responsible for this enhanced photocatalytic activity,which renders the improved visible-light harvesting ability,the accelerated separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,and enlarged BET surface areas.Through analyzing the intermediates yielded in the photodegradation process,the pathway of visible-light photocatalytic degradation of APAP and MPB over the TiO2/C composite is proposed.

Cloud Point Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution with Silicone Surfactants

Cloud point extraction （CPE） processes with two silicone surfactants, Dow Coming DC-190 and DC-193, were studied as preconcentration and treatment for the water polluted by three trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）： anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene. For all cases, the volumes of surfactant-rich phase obtained by two silicone surfactants were very small, i.e. a lower water content in the surfactant-rich phase was obtained. For example, less than 3% of the initial solution was obtained in a 1% （by mass） surfactant solution, which was much smaller than that of TX-114 in the same surfactant concentration. And TX-114 is known as a high compact surfactant-rich phase among most nonionic surfactants, thus the comparison showed that an excellent enrichment was ensured in the analysis application by the CPE process with the silicone surfactants, and the lower water content obtained in the surfactant-rich phase is also important in the large scale water treatment. The influences of additives and phase separation methodology on the recovery of PAHs were discussed. Comparing with DC-193, DC-190 has a lower cloud point and a higher recovery （near 100%） of all the three PAHs in same surfactant concentration, which was required for application as a preconcentration process prior to HPLC system. However the DC-190 solution is hard to be phase separated only by heating, whereas DC-193 has a relative higher phase separating speed by heating, but a high cloud point （around 360K） limits its application. Due to the phase separation by heating is the only method of CPE suitable to the large scale water treatment, the mixtures of two silicone surfacrants solutions were investigated in this study. A solution containing 1% of mixed DC-190 and DC-193 （in the ratio of 90 ： 10） removed anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene near 100% with a relative low cloud point and quick phase separating speed.

Purification of Organic Wastewater Containing Cu^(2+) and Cr^(3+) by a Combined Process of Micro Electrolysis and Biofilm

A complex process of micro electrolysis and biofilm was developed to continuously treat organic wastew-aters containing heavy metal ions such as Cu2+ and Or3+, and the relevant purifying mechanism was also addressed. In detail, organic materials in wastewater could be consumed as nutritious source by biofilm composed of aerobes and anaerobes. However, for heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Cr3+), part was removed by electrodeposition, and some was adsorbed on biofilm. In order to compare with the combined process of micro electrolysis and biofilm, the experimental data of micro electrolysis process (intermittent) or biofilm process (continuous) were provided, and the kinetic data of C6H12O6 (glucose) biodegradation by cultured microbes or acclimated microbes were also obtained. These experimental results indicated that for wastewater initially consisted of CeH12O6 (500mg-L-1), Cu2+ and Cr3+ (10mg-L-1), after treatment, its concentrations of C6H12O6, Cu2+ and Cr3+ were lowered to the level of 55-65mg.L^1, and less than 1mg-L-1, respectively. And the industrial reused water standards could be met by treated wastewater.

Nonfoaming Bubble Separation for Recovery of Butyl Acetate from Discharged Wastewater During Penicillin Production

Two nonfoaming bubble separation techniques, air stripping and solvent sublation, are presented and discussed in order to recover butyl acetate (BA) from discharged wastewater after solvent extraction of penicillin. Results show air stripping is not suitable for the recovery of BA from the wastewater. Axial concentration of BA had a noted maximum point along the column. In contrast, solvent sublation is very effective to recover BA from the wastewater. In solvent sublation experiments, axial concentration of BA along the column first increased and then decreased from the bottom to the top because of two primary mass transport processes. One is the transport by adsorption or attachment to ascending bubbles, and the other is by dispersion at water-solvent interface and by water film in organic solvent layer. In order to elucidate the high removal efficiency in solvent sublation, the microstructure of the wastewater was studied with optic microscope, which was showed to be an emulsion of BA in water at large concentration of BA. Solvent sublation can be successfully used in the removal of BA from its emulsion in the wastewater. The surface tension of simulated solution composed of lysozyme and BA was studied to understand mutual effect of biological materials and BA. Results show that lysozyme affects the adsorption of BA at air-water interface and they may form a complex between BA and lysozyme molecules.

Preparation of PVC/PVP composite polymer membranes via phase inversion process for water treatment purposes

In this work, new composite membranes were successfully prepared via phase inversion technique using polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as polymers and tetrahydrofuran(THF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) as solvents. The prepared membranes have been characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The scanning electron microscope results prove that the prepared membranes are smooth and their pores are distributed throughout the whole surface and bulk body of the membrane without any visible cracks. The stress–strain mechanical test showed an excellent mechanical behavior enhanced by the presence of PVP in the prepared membranes. The membranes performance results showed that the salt rejection reached 98% with a high flux. This, in turn, makes the prepared membranes can be applied for sea and brackish water treatment through membrane distillation technology.

Treatment of Toxic Phenolic Wastewater by Advanced Ozone Oxidization

In this study, the O3/BAC/TiO2 catalytic method was used to treat the phenolic wastewater. During the experiments the effects of initial phenol concentration, ozone concentration, pH value, catalyst and other conditions on the phenol removal rate were investigated. The test results showed that when the phenol concentration was 0.1 g/L, the ozone-containing air flow rate was 0.05 m3/b, the ozone concentration was 3.58 mg/L, the pH value was 7.5, and the treating time was 30 minutes, the phenol removal rate reached 99%, with the COD removal rate equating to 55%. The property of treated wastewater could comply with the first-grade effluent specified in ＂Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard＂ （GB8978--1996）.

Coagulation-flocculation process for combined sewage in Shanghai

The effects of the coagulation-flocculation process using polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and its aids on the removal of organics and nutrient in the combined sewage from Shanghai Zhuyuan First Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant are studied. The coagulant aids include cationic polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), activated silica (AS) and a kind of polyelectrolyte called AN prepared by the authors. The coagulating solution was added to the glass jar holding 1 L wastewater and stirred to a uniform mixture which was stilled to let the supernatant turn out. The supernatant was analyzed to see the removal efficiencies of suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (S-COD), total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (PO4 -P). It is found that PAC is efficient in reducing those five matters, PAM, PVA and 3? AN each faciliates the reduction of TP, SS, COD and S-COD and has little contribution to the removal of ammonia nitrigen and orthophosphate, and AS is noneffective at all. The coagulation-flocculation process with PAC has demonstrated applicable to the treatment of combined sewage in Shanghai, and it involves mainly the sweep coagulation mechanism and maybe some more complicated mechanism as well.