Hydration swelling characteristics of needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners

A series of confined swell tests were conducted on a needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) with tap water as the hydration medium. The effects of the static confining stress on the swelling characteristics of GCLs and the hydration time under different confining stresses were explored. Increasing the static confining stress led to: shorter hydration time; smaller final GCL height; less final GCL bulk void ratio; smaller final bentonite moisture content. The confined swell pressure determined for the tested GCL was 82.2 kPa, and the relationships between confining stress, final bulk void ratio (or final GCL height, final bentonite moisture content) were attained through the analyses of the confined swell test results in this study.

Mix design and expansion behavior of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite

Sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is proved to be one of the most effective ways to prevent concrete cracking too soon. Mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite completely depends on experience and experiments at present. This method ignores the influence of expansion behavior which hinders the application of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite. The workability,free expansion property,flexural strength and compressive strength of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite have been investigated by tests. The relationship between expansion ratio and mix design parameters such as curing age,water-cement ratio and cement abundance coefficient is deduced according to the experimental statistics. A new simplified approach to mix design of sulpho-aluminate expansive cementitious composite is proposed as a reference for construction application,which avoids experiments and experience.

Swelling Properties of Water-Swelling Materials Exposed to Organic Water Pollution

A water-swelling material is one of the rubbery impermeable materials which mixed synthetic resin elastomers as a base material, high absorbency polymers, filler and solvents. In this study, swelling characteristics of the water-swelling material on the water polluted with COD and BOD, as an impermeable material at coastal landfill sites, are examined by laboratory swelling ratio test. Furthermore, the factor in which it influences the swelling pressure of water-swelling material is clarified by measuring the swelling pressure. As the results, the COD nor the BOD concentrations in the soaked water influence the swelling ratio of the water-swelling material. When the thicknesses of water-swelling material are 2 mm and 3 mm, the maximum swelling pressure of 0.5 MPa or more that corresponds to hydraulic pressure by depth of 50 m is possessed.

Analytical analysis of pullout resistance of the hydraulic expansion rockbolts on a frictionally coupled model

This paper proposes an empirical formula to estimate the shear strength of hydraulic expansion rockbolts.The field experimental results were obtained from eleven pullout tests to evaluate the results computed by the proposed formula.It was found that shear resistance of hydraulic expansion rockbolts significantly depends on the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock,with high correlation coefficients of 0.7651 and0.8587,respectively.The developed formula enables estimation of the maximum pullout load in an analytical process without pullout tests in the field.Conversely,due to the poor interlocking at the initial pullout load,the measured displacements were higher than the estimated ones.To reduce the interlocking effects between bolt and rock,we recommend preloading of 29.4 kN.Preload allows reducing the distance between the measured and estimated displacement and making two load-displacement curves practically identical with marginal differences of 1.1 to 1.5 mm at the maximum pullout load.

储热空间内支撑结构对相变结晶膨胀的影响

相变储能技术作为一种特殊的储能技术,可以将能量跨地域、跨时间储存。相变储能材料在蓄放热过程中,温度可以在一定范围内保持恒定不变,并且具有储热密度高、性能稳定、材料来源广泛、适用于各领域等优点,但应用过程中也存在一些比较棘手的问题。本文选取典型的水合盐八水氢氧化钡,针对其膨胀特性进行了实验研究及分析。实验中,在材料储能体系中添加了不同截面、不同材质和不同布置方式的支撑棒,以烧杯破损率和破损时间来量化实验方案的改进特性。通过数据对比可以明显看到,在不同截面对比中,三角形截面支撑棒组的烧杯破损率最低,为40%,时间也较迟,在145 min之后烧杯才开始破损;不同材质下,除去亚克力材质组烧杯破损率在80%,其他金属材质下的烧杯破损率都较低,其中铝组和铜组的破损率分别为10%和0%;在不同布置方式下的降温实验中,除了一点式、两点式之外,其他排布方式下烧杯的破损率均为0%,材料降温速率也较快。最后,基于实验数据的对比,首次对相变材料成核趋向性及膨胀机理进行了分析,为水合盐相关研究及工程设计应用提供了可靠的数据及理论参考。

Degradation of limestone calcined clay cement(LC^(3))mortars under sulfate attack

Limestone Calcined Clay Cement(LC^(3)) is a newly proposed low-carbon cement,which can effectively reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions of the traditional cement industry without changing the basic mechanical properties of cement-based materials.In this study,the degradation process of mortar samples of limestone and calcined clay cementitious material under sulfate attack is studied by both macroscopic and microscopic analysis.The results show that compared with pure Portland cement,the addition of calcined clay and limestone can significantly reduce the expansion rate,loss of dynamic modulus and mass loss of mortar specimens under sulfate attack.The addition of calcined clay and limestone will refine the pore size distribution of mortar specimens,then inhibiting the diffusion of sulfate and formation of corrosive products,therefore leading to a significant improvement of the sulfate resistance.