Water and soil conservation is an important part of eco-civilization con-struction. It is a major part of eco-construction and lifeline of social and economy development. Therefore, water and soil conservation is of g...Water and soil conservation is an important part of eco-civilization con-struction. It is a major part of eco-construction and lifeline of social and economy development. Therefore, water and soil conservation is of great significance in maintaining eco-safety. The research concluded status quo and characters of water and soil losses in China and analyzed water and soil conservation and construction of eco-civilization from the perspectives of water and soil conservation and con-struction of eco-civilization.展开更多
With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are...With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.展开更多
Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore...Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.展开更多
Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterio...Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterion, the emphasis control area (149 x 10~3km^2) of the LoessPlateau is demarked, and is divided into 10 control regions. The controllable area and the locationof control measures are conformed. Level terraces are mainly collocated on the 3° ―15° slopes,woodland and grassland are collocated on the > 15° slopes, and the proportion of woodland tograssland is 8: 2 in the forest belt, 5: 5 in the forest steppe belt, and 2: 8 in the steppe belt.The 9000 combinations of soil-water conservation measures in different rainfall conditions areobtained by the permutation and combination method, according to the 9 rainfall frequencies and thecontrollable areas of level terrace, woodland and grassland at 10% of control progress rate. Thequality standards of level terrace, woodland and grassland are ascertained. The evaluation indexesof soil-water conservation benefits of level terrace, woodland and grassland are establishedrespectively in the condition that rainfall index is higher than that of erosive index of slopingfield. Based on the results above, the sediment reducing benefit and soil erosion modulus in thedifferent rainfall conditions and control degrees are analyzed, which could provide adecision-making basis for soil-water loss control on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
基金Supported by the Twelfth Five-year-plan in National Science and Technology for the Rural Development in China(2011BAD31B01)~~
文摘Water and soil conservation is an important part of eco-civilization con-struction. It is a major part of eco-construction and lifeline of social and economy development. Therefore, water and soil conservation is of great significance in maintaining eco-safety. The research concluded status quo and characters of water and soil losses in China and analyzed water and soil conservation and construction of eco-civilization from the perspectives of water and soil conservation and con-struction of eco-civilization.
基金Supported by the Planning Subject of‘the Twelfth Five-year-plan’in National Scienceand Technology for the Rural Development in China(2011BAD31B01)~~
文摘With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB407204)~~
文摘Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.
文摘Based on the distribution of hydrological stations and zoning of types ofsoil erosion, the Loess Plateau (3 10 x 10~3km^2) is divided into 292 erosion units. And taking theerosion modulus > 5000t/km^2 as a criterion, the emphasis control area (149 x 10~3km^2) of the LoessPlateau is demarked, and is divided into 10 control regions. The controllable area and the locationof control measures are conformed. Level terraces are mainly collocated on the 3° ―15° slopes,woodland and grassland are collocated on the > 15° slopes, and the proportion of woodland tograssland is 8: 2 in the forest belt, 5: 5 in the forest steppe belt, and 2: 8 in the steppe belt.The 9000 combinations of soil-water conservation measures in different rainfall conditions areobtained by the permutation and combination method, according to the 9 rainfall frequencies and thecontrollable areas of level terrace, woodland and grassland at 10% of control progress rate. Thequality standards of level terrace, woodland and grassland are ascertained. The evaluation indexesof soil-water conservation benefits of level terrace, woodland and grassland are establishedrespectively in the condition that rainfall index is higher than that of erosive index of slopingfield. Based on the results above, the sediment reducing benefit and soil erosion modulus in thedifferent rainfall conditions and control degrees are analyzed, which could provide adecision-making basis for soil-water loss control on the Loess Plateau.
