云东海水域的变迁、恢复和利用

三水市云东海曾经是珠江三角洲最大的湖泊 ,沧海桑田 ,几经变迁。在分析云东海水域变迁的基础上 ,探讨了其恢复的可行性 ,以及云东海恢复水域范围的界定 ,并根据云东海地方水脉、绿脉和文脉的特点和旅游市场分析 ,提出了把云东海湖区建成以良好的生态环境为背景 ,以休闲 ,运动和康体为主题的“自然生态的乐园 ,运动康体的天堂”

崇明岛周围水域水产经济动物资源及其利用

本文以近10年来在崇明岛周围水域进行渔业调查所获得的资料,概述了该水域水产经济动物资源及其利用现状,并提出了相应的资源保护措施。

争议海域的权利冲突及其解决途径

争议海域可能因岛屿的主权归属、划界主张重叠、条约解释等不同性质的争议所产生。在不同性质的争议水域内，当事国之间发生冲突的权利的内容和方式也是不同的。在尚未划界的专属经济区和大陆架主张重叠海域，争端当事国之间存在对于资源的主权权利和相关事项的管辖权的潜在冲突。当事国间避免冲突的方法之一是采取共同开发模式对资源进行开发，但是，共同开发模式并不当然解决共同开发区内的所有主权权利和管辖权的冲突。在本质上仍然属于争议海域的共同开发区内，当事国间需要就其他主权权利和管辖权的行使做出安排。中日东海共同开发区内也存在同样的问题。

水域滩涂养殖证核发问题探讨

1养殖证的概念水域滩涂养殖证（简称养殖证）是认定水域滩涂养殖功能的基础依据,是生产者使用水域滩涂从事养殖生产活动的合法凭证。《中华人民共和国渔业法》第十一条＂国家对水域利用进行统一规划,确定可以用于养殖业的水域和滩涂。

Effects of Different Water Stresses on Eco-physiological Characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides Seedlings

In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient experiment was conducted based on the four specially designed water supply levels, including normal precipitation, slight drought, drought and extreme drought. Results of ANOVE showed that different water gradients had a significant effect on (1) microhabitat factors, such as soil water content and soil temperature; (2) gas exchange, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate; (3) resource use efficiency; and (4) leaf water potential. Water use efficiency of H rhamnoides could increase under moderate water stress, i.e. drought condition, while its net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased. All kinds of eco-physiological characteristics proved H. rhamnoides seedlings under all water supplies were affected by water stress more or less and that mechanism of intrinsic physiological regulation in seedlings under the extreme drought conditions had the appearance of turbulence to a certain extent. Therefore, H rhamnoides seedlings in Huangfuchuan Watershed could not acclimate to extreme drought conditions.

关于国家标准《绿色城市评价指标》的若干意见和建议

城市农业是绿色城市如何发展的首要问题,根据中国国情,城市农业是绿色城市发展的必然趋势。在城市工业化的设施农业进程中,消灭垃圾、水域利用、无源冷藏、抽水蓄能等措施是开展绿色城市建设的必然战略途径,因此,根据这些指标,本论文中提出了对国家标准《绿色城市评价指标》制定的若干观点和建议,以便使城市发展战略沿着适合中国国情的绿色城市方向前进。

Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Response to Urea Application in Rice Fields of the Taihu Lake Region,China

Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 （control）, 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha^-1. After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates （300 and 350 kg N ha^-1） showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha^-1 for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.

Impact of Land Use Change on Groundwater Recharge in Guishui River Basin,China

It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge, especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water. In this study, the hydrological processes and re- charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin, China （in Beijing Municipality） were analyzed. The impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling, WetSpass and GIS. The results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation, while 72.54% is lost in the form of evapotranspiration. The annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland, grassland, urban land, and forest. Land use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 x 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area, with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005, respectively. This variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements, as well as a decrease of cropland.

Water Resources Development and Water Utilization in the Gavkhuni River Basin, Iran

Analysis of water supplies and demand over the past 50 years in the Gavkhuni River Basin（GRB） indicate that despite large investments in water resources development the basin remains just as vulnerable to drought as it always has been. During the period of analysis two transbasin diversions and a storage reservoir have been constructed which have more or less doubled the annual supply to water to the basin. But with each water resource development extractive capacity for irrigation, urban and industrial use has increased by the same amount, so that all new water is allocated as soon as it is available. The most recent developments, since 1980, have actually increased vulnerability to drought because extractive capacity is greater than average flow into the basin. Whenever demand exceeds supply all water is extracted from the basin and the tail end dries up. During the past 50 years flows into the salt pan at the downstream end of the basin have been negligible for more than half the time. Prospects for the future are bleak because once the current phase of water resources development is completed no further water supplies are likely, but demand continues to rise at a steady rate. Ultimately agriculture will have to concede water to urban, industrial and environmental demands.

Variations and trends of trans-boundary runoff in the longitudinal range-gorge region

The mountainous hydrological process usually shows high variation to climate change and human action. In the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region（LRGR）, Southwestern China and Southeast Asian, the transboundary runoff variations are much more sensitive and complex under the interaction of climate change, ＂corridor-barrier＂ functions in LRGR,and dams building. In this paper, based on the long hydrological records（1956-2013） from three mainstream hydrological stations in Nu River,Lancang River, and Red River, the region runoff variations were analyzed. The results show out： i） the regional runoff changes were strongly influenced by the ＂Corridor-Barrier＂ functions in LRGR from west to east, the variability extent of annual runoff increased, but tended to decrease after 2009 and the reduced extents also increased; ii） the annual runoff change in the three rivers had high concentration degrees; iii） there were periodicities of 33 years of runoff change in Nu River and Lancang River, and 30 years in Red River, and the lower flow period would continue for 8-9 years in Nu River and Lancang River but only for 4 years in Red River; iv） since 2010, as the two mega dams of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu built in Lancang River mainstream, their variations of annual runoff were quite different. The research results could offer a scientific base for sustainable utilization,conservation, and management of the regional water resources

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Agricultural Wastewater Using Constructed Rhizofiltration in Durban, South Africa

Constructed rhizofiltration is a relatively new technology and has potential in agricultural wastewater treatment. It has been reported to reduce heavy metals in wastewater but no substantive work has been reported about its ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, particularly in agricultural wastewater. If this technology＇s worth in nutrient removal from wastewater can be proved, it can save time as well as reducing wastewater treatment cost. Influent and effluent nitrogen and phosphate concentrations in the constructed rhizofiltration were measured and it was found that there was a significant difference between the two water samples （P = 0.01）. It was also found that more nitrogen and phosphate were retained by planted region （P = 0.01） compared to unplanted （P = 0.02）, demonstrating high removal efficiency in the planted region than in the unplanted region. Eighty six percent （86%） removal efficiency of phosphorus was achieved at some points in the planted region while 71% was achieved for nitrogen. These results indicate that constructed rhizofiltration systems, if properly constructed and planted with macrophytes and maintained, can be used for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater and thus could be used as an alternative technology for agricultural wastewater treatment.

Feasibility analysis and implementation of marine ranching integration of offshore wind power development in Guangdong Province

Marine ranching is a new model for restoring marine ecological environment and conserving offshore fishery resources.Offshore wind power is a new clean energy industry in China.Based on the analysis of the construction of offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,this article proposes to actively promote the integrated development of offshore wind power and marine ranching.The suitability and deployment conditions of Sargasso algae reef construction in offshore wind farms,the feasibility of developing an integrated development model featuring artificial algae reefs+offshore wind farms in Guangdong Province,as well as the importance of ecological sea area use and management were discussed.Regarding the necessity of intensive and economical utilization of sea and sea resources,it is believed that the development model of"marine ranching+offshore wind power"will become an important direction for improving the comprehensive utilization of sea areas in the future.

Hydrologic Modeling Impacts of Post-mining Land Use Changes on Streamflow of Peace River, Florida

Whether mining activity results in reduced flow of surface water in the Peace River Watershed of Florida has been the subject of much debate. With increased dependence of downstream users on surface water flow of the Peace River as a source of drinking water for four coastal counties in Southwest Florida and problems of water security, the debate has been intensified. It is possible to assess relationships of mining with streamflow in the upper reaches of the Peace River Basin using hydrologic modeling and identify mined sub-basins. In this work, land-use change impacts were simulated by the Hydrological Simulation Program--Fortran （HSPF） model based on geographical information system （GIS） tools, to compare pre- and post-mining streamflows at a study site of the Peace River in west-central Florida. The purpose of this study was to determine if land-use changes caused by mining have negatively impacted streamflow in the Peace River. Changes of land use were identified before and after mining activities. A coupled volume-water depth-discharge （V-h-Q） model based on stage/storage and stage/discharge was applied using HSPF for the pre-mining and post-mining models, respectively. Daily simulated post-mining hydrographs from HSPF were plotted with the calibrated pre-mining results and streamflow hydrographs from the 18 gauging stations, to compare timing of peaks, low fows and flow trends. Analyses of percent ex- ceedances of flow frequency curves of the streams indicated that most streams had similar distributions for mined （reclaimed） and pre- mining periods. In the streamflow change analysis, streamflows actually increased in mining-affected basins at nearly half the stations. Streamflows at other stations diminished. Overall from this comprehensive study, there were declines in streamflow at most gauging stations on the mainstem of the Peace River and its tributaries. The results of this study suggest that regional planning is urgently needed to propose reclamation schemes that enhance regional hydrology.

积极构建水域滩涂养殖证制度

一、水域滩涂养殖证制度的发展过程和法律依据 （一）水域滩涂养殖证制度的发展过程 《中华人民共和国渔业法》第十一条规定：“国家对水域利用进行统一规划．确定可以用于养殖业的水域和滩涂。单位和个人使用国家规划确定用于养殖业的全民所有的水域、滩涂的，使用者应当向县级以上地方人民政府渔业行政主管部门提出申请．