不同基因型小麦在水培体系下的磷胁迫反应研究

采用改进的Hoagland培养基,优化建立了小麦温室水培体系,对不同基因型小麦在水培条件下对磷饥饿胁迫的生理反应进行了研究.结果表明:1)在研究建立的小麦水培体系中,小麦植株生长正常并对磷饥饿胁迫条件做出发育形态建成水平的反应;半定量RT-PCR分析显示在此体系中小麦磷响应基因也在转录水平上产生显著变化;2)在水培条件下不同基因型小麦对磷饥饿胁迫的反应总体上表现在根轴长度和根冠比有所提高,但不同基因型小麦的反应特点有差异;对这些反应特征的分子机理的深入分析可为有效筛选磷高效小麦新种质以及发掘磷高效基因资源提供线索.

“水培体系”支撑下的长城国家文化公园建设思考

水作为地理线索与地形标志,以及生产生活、戍边防卫必需品,影响了长城的位置、走向、形态,塑造了覆盖我国北方广大地区的层级化空间防御网络并影响城乡格局至今;水也是研究和保护大运河、黄河甚至长征等线性遗产不可忽视的内在要素。明代九边中的宣府镇、蓟镇两防区东屏京畿、西接山陕,两镇均属于海河水系流域,以此代表性区段解构长城的"水培体系",揭示水与长城的紧密关联。利用水系—长城的耦合空间网络,保护散落各地的遗产点、发掘隐含的遗产价值及其背后的民族智慧、再现已逝的历史场景、整合周边自然资源及现有零散旅游景区,有助于建构完整的长城国家文化公园。对其他遗产公园建设、群体连片成网,以及国家文化公园治理体系的凝练具有参考价值。

利用拟南芥水培体系研究根部矿质养分对叶钙积累的作用

为探究不同矿质养分对拟南芥叶钙积累的作用,以水培体系为基础,模式植物拟南芥为研究材料,分别用Ca^(2+)、K^+、NO_3^-、Mg^(2+)、SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+、PO_4^(3-)、Fe^(2+)、Zn^(2+)不同离子浓度的溶液进行处理。结果表明,处理液NH_4^+浓度为10 mmol/L时,拟南芥叶钙的积累量显著地降低;处理液K+浓度为0 mmol/L时,拟南芥叶钙的积累量显著地升高;在Mg^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Zn^(2+)低浓度和高浓度处理下,拟南芥叶钙的积累量都出现显著地降低。由此推断NH_4^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Zn^(2+)对拟南芥叶钙积累具有显著的作用。

含喜树碱植物水培根系化感化合物的分离分析

本研究旨在探明喜树碱植物水培体系中化感物质的种类及其长期积累对植物生产的作用。建立了喜树幼苗和野生型蛇根草水培体系根系分泌物的新分离富集方法:首先以硅胶填充固相萃取柱萃取水培液根系分泌物,然后取出填充硅胶加到硅胶层析柱上层进行柱层析分离,再经洗脱后,用GC-MS技术分析不同组分的洗脱液。从喜树水培根系分泌物中检测到1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、N,N-二甲基苯胺、二苯铬等11种化感物质;在广州蛇根草水培根系分泌物中检测到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、苯硒酚、二苯铬等14种化感物质。2种含喜树碱植物水培根系分泌物中化感物质的大量分离富集和分析,为清除水培体系的生长抑制物、优化水培体系、实现喜树碱的高效生物合成奠定基础。

毛竹种子萌发及无菌水培技术研究

采用室内可控的水培方法,研究了不同播前处理和播种方式对毛竹种子萌发以及不同水质和通气处理对毛竹幼苗水培的影响。结果表明:毛竹种子在40℃温水中浸泡过夜,去皮,75%酒精浸泡5~10 s,10%NaClO浸泡消毒20 min,去离子水冲洗6~8遍后播入蛭石中生长状况最好,发芽率达61.76%,且完全无污染;毛竹幼苗无菌水培以双滤水或无菌水为水质,在通氧加滤盘滤嘴的情况下污染率最低,但通氧与否对幼苗叶片数、苗高及地上地下生物量的影响差异不显著。

甘蓝型油菜耐盐碱性快速鉴定方法与应用

快速准确、简便高效的耐盐碱鉴定评价体系对鉴定与评价油菜种质资源耐盐碱性至关重要。为建立油菜耐盐碱评价体系,筛选耐盐碱油菜种质,以中国各油菜主产区的87个甘蓝型油菜品种/品系(自交系)为试验材料,采用油菜水培系统,模拟盐碱胁迫条件下对其苗期抗性进行了鉴定与评价。研究结果显示,盐碱胁迫下油菜植株的完全展开绿叶数量可作为有效区分不同油菜耐盐碱性的可靠指标。通过对完全展开绿叶数进行分级,可将所测定的87份油菜资源分为0~III共计4个耐盐碱等级,其中,筛选获得7份抗性等级为III级的耐盐碱油菜资源。本研究结果为油菜耐盐碱遗传研究与育种改良提供了技术和种质资源支撑。

济麦22及其转TaPHR1基因植株的磷胁迫反应研究

采用营养液培养体系,研究不同供磷处理条件下,受体济麦22及其转磷高效基因TaPHR1株系的生长反应、根系形态特征及对磷的吸收、分配和利用能力的差异。结果表明:1)通过农杆菌介导方法获得的TaPHR1基因过量表达的转基因植株后代有更强的耐低磷胁迫的能力;2)在水培条件下,小麦对磷饥饿胁迫的反应总体上表现在生物量降低、根冠比提高、根长及表面积增大、根半径减小,磷吸收和利用效率改变,不同基因型间变化趋势相同,但变化幅度存在差异;3)对这些反应特征的分子机理的深入分析可为有效筛选磷高效小麦新种质以及发掘磷高效基因资源提供参考依据。

Effects of Combined Pollution of Pb and Cd on Growth and Yield of Rice

[Objective] The aim was to study the damage and the mechanism of combined pollution of Pb and Cd on rice growth,yield and quality of rice. [Method]Effects of combined pollution of Pb and Cd on the growth and yield of rice were studied by pot experiment with cultivating rice. [Result] Pb and Cd could promote rice growth at low concentration while inhibit plant height at high concentration; Pb and Cd stress reduced the number of rice tillers significantly,with the increasing of stress concentration,the decrease amplitude of the number of tillers was greater; the panicle per pot,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight and yield of rice were reduced significantly by Pb and Cd stress,the grain number per panicle decreased significantly under low concentration of Pb and Cd but increased significantly under high concentration; the brown rice rate and milled rice rate increased significantly under low concentration of Pb and Cd while at high concentration of Pb and Cd,the both two reduced significantly,the head milled rice rate reduced significantly with the decreasing of concentration; The Pb and Cd content of grains were significantly positively related to the concentrations of Pb and Cd content in soil,it had excessively exceeded hygienic standard when the concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil were medium-high and the unqualified rate reached 333% and 122%. [Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the establishment of rice cultivation system in pollution areas.

Evaluation of Methodology for Life Cycle Assessment Applied to Hydroponic Tomato Processes from a System Approach

Analysis of agricultural production systems of hydroponic tomato in Morelos state of Mexico, through a systematic approach, called systems development of life cycle （SDLC） was performed by comparing this with the methodology known as life cycle assessment （LCA）. This permits to analyze the differences in approaches of all these methodologies to propose improvements in the current system, which can allow an improved assessment of the environmental quality of agricultural products, which often is subject to confusion. That due to measurement parameters are not generally accepted by society, producers and consumers, may ensure that the process is fully sustainable and is considered quite as a green technology processes towards an ecological benefit and therefore for the humanity.

Effects of feeding and stocking density on digestion of cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

The combined effects of feeding rate(0.8%,1.0%,and 1.2%initial body weight/day),feeding frequency(two,three,and four times/day) and stocking density(10,15,and 20 kg/m3) in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) on growth performance,digestion and waste generation of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.) were investigated in an 8-week orthogonal experiment(L9(3)3) with a constant daily water renewal at 7.50%of total volume.No mortality occurred during the experimental period.Feed conversion ratio(FCR) varied from 0.90 to 1.13 and specific growth rate(SGR) ranged from 0.48%to 0.69%/day.SGR,thermal growth coefficient(TGC) and FCR were not significantly(P>0.05) affected by the three factors,while net protein utilization(NPU) was significantly(P<0.05) affected.Apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of dry matter in the present study were in the range 66.12%-73.55%.ADC in protein,lipid and energy were statistically different among all treatments and in the range of 90.07%-93.67%,81.54%-89.15%,and67.55%-71.87%,respectively.The proportion of mean total ammonia nitrogen excreted ranged from 1.37%to 1.64%of feed nitrogen at steady state,and the concentration of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds were differently correlated to the three factors.The results will provide valuable reference data for culture management decisions in the Atlantic salmon farming industry.