不同VOC含量的涂料应选择相应的检测标准

介绍国际上采用的低VOC涂料的两种检测方法 ,依照其标准对低VOC涂料进行测定 。

Microbiologically Induced Corrosion of Concrete and Protective Coatings in Gravity Sewers

Microbiologically induced corrosion of concrete （MICC） and its protective coatings has a high eco-nomic impact on sewer maintenance and rehabilitation. A better understanding of the micro-organisms and the bio- genie acids that are generated in the sewer is essential in controlling the corrosion of concrete pipes and protective coatings. The role of succession of micro-organisms growth in the corrosion of concrete and protective coatings was evaluated in this study. Examination of various sewer pipe materials exhibiting various extents of degradation, including concrete, cement based and epoxy based coating revealed the presence of both organic and biogenic sulphuric acids. This reflects the activity of fungi and the thiobacilli strains. Organism growth and metabolism were strongly related to the substrate pH. Fungi were found to grow and metabolise organic acids at pH from 2.0-8.0. Whilst the thiobacilli strains grew and generated sulohuric acids at oH below 3.0. The successive growth of the organisms provides an impgrtant bearing in deyeloping improved strateegies.to better manage sewers.

Volumetric and Viscometric Studies of 4-Aminobutyric Acid in Aqueous Solutions of Salbutamol Sulphate at 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15K

Density （ρ） and viscosity （η） measurements were carried out for 4-aminobutyric acid in 0.0041,0.0125 and 0.0207 mol·L-1 aqueous salbutamol sulphate at T=308.15,313.15 and 318.15K.The measured values of density and viscosity were used to estimate some important parameters such as apparent molar volume Vφ,limiting apparent molar volume Vφ0,transfer volume △Vφ0,hydration number Hn,second derivative of infinite dilution of partial molar volume with temperature 2Vφ0/T2,viscosity B-coefficients,variation of B with temperature dB/dT,free energy of activation per mole of solvent △μ10＊ and solute △μ20＊,activation entropy △S20＊ and activation enthalpy △H20＊ of the amino acids.These parameters have been interpreted in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions and structure making/breaking ability of solutes in the given solution.

Optimal Evacuation Scheme Based on Dam-Break Flood Numerical Simulation

The optimal evacuation scheme is studied based on the dam-break flood numerical simulation. A three- dimensional dam-break mathematical model combined with the volume of fluid （VOF） method is adopted. According to the hydraulic information obtained from numerical simulation and selecting principles of evacuation emergency scheme, evacuation route analysis model is proposed, which consists of the road right model and random degree model. The road right model is used to calculate the consumption time in roads, and the random degree model is used to judge whether the roads are blocked. Then the shortest evacuation route is obtained based on Dijstra algorithm. Gongming Reservoir located in Shenzhen is taken as a case to study. The results show that industrial area I is flooded at 2 500 s, and after 5 500 s, most of industrial area II is submerged. The Hushan, Loucun Forest and Chaishan are not flooded around industrial area I and II. Based on the above analysis, the optimal evacuation scheme is determined.

A Study on Additional Electric Energy Accommodation of Three Gorges Hydropower Station

Considering the additional electric energy generated after the full operation of the underground hydropower station, the electric energy accommodation of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） is reviewed. It is .focused on the additional electricity accommodation, based on the research at the earl）, stage. The electric energ）, accommodation solutions ate recommended as that. based on the cost-benefit analysis of the power distribution area, the additional electric energy of the Three Gorges should be given ptqority to meet the needs at the supply end of Hubei and Chongqing. The results of this research has a reference value on the implementation of the Three Gorges electric power accommodation, after the further optimization of the transmission curves in both wet and dry seasons.

The Value of Saudi Arabia Industrial Firms Between the Modigliani-Miller＇s and Gordon＇s Models： An Empirical Study on Cement Companies in Saudi Arabia

The most important target of the financial management is to develop the values of the foundation and develop the wealth of shareholders （wealth of the owners）, which is the primary target of the qualified and successful financial management. This target, developing the value of the foundation, depends on the total profit that could be achieved by the company and counting the profit per share, but undoubtedly, the financial management should consider the other targets such as social responsibility and exchange between risk and revenue and others. This research, with its both theoretical and practical aspects, aims at illuminating the value of some foundations in Saudi Arabia, which are already registered in the stock market, by comparing the value of each foundation using two models namely the model of Modigliani-Miller （M＆M） and the model of Gordon. In spite of the difficulties found in the usage of both models, especially Gordon＇s model, we will use both of them to explain the aspects of imperfection in each model. This research will depend on a sample of Sandi industrial companies by getting financial data of these companies over a past decade and the usage of these data, in other words, to measure the value of Saudi companies against the market.

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper ions removal from wastewater by ion exchange

The removal of copper ions from wastewater by ion exchange has been studied using an iminodiacetate resin.The capacity of the resin for the copper ions has been determined to be 2.30 mmol·g^(-1) by measuring the equilibrium isotherm at 25 °C and initial pH value of 3.5 where the final equilibrium p H value is 5. An analysis of equilibrium isotherm models showed that the best fit model was the Langmuir–Freundlich. The kinetics of the ion exchange process have been investigated and four kinetic models have been tested namely: Ritchie model, pseudo-second order model, pseudo-first order model and the Elovich model. The pseudo-second order model provides the best fit to the kinetic data.

Synthesis and characteristics of pH-and temperature-sensitive hydrogels of poly （DMAEMA/NIPAAm）

A kind of novel copolymer hydrogel of poly（N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide） （poly[DMAEMA/NIPAAm]） was synthesized by the initiation of K2S2O8, N, N＇-methylene-bis（acrylamide） （Bis） was used as the crosslinker. The effects of monomer content, pH and temperature on swelling ratio of the hydrogel were investigated; the thermo-sensitivity in deionized water and in physiological saline was determined. It showed that the swelling ratio of the hydrogel could be changed by changing the temperature or pH alternately. Both swelling ratio and LCST （Lower Critical Solution Temperature） of the hydrogel decreased with the increase of NIPAAm in the co-polymer content.

Stability Study on Hydroelectric Production Site Using Eigenvalues Analysis Method

The eigenvalues analysis method is generally applied to synchronous machines by using d, q-components. This paper presents the application of this method on an equivalent model for the synchronous machine based on phase variables a, b, c instead of d, q-components. The advantages of this approach, essential for programs using phase variables as state variables, are presented. The application of this method to a complete hydroelectric production site including hydraulic components （pump-turbine, penstock, gallery, reservoir...） permits the study and analysis of the interactions between the hydraulic, electric and regulation parts of the system. Results coming from the proposed eigenvalues analysis method and the numerical simulations confirm the interest of the presented approach.

Numerical analysis on seismic behavior of railway earth embankment: A case study

A numerical case study on the seismic behavior of embankment was carried out based on a prototype of earth embankment in Yun-Gui Railway （from Kunming City to Nanning City） in southwest of China. A full-scale model of earth embankment was established by means of numerical simulation with FLAC3D code. The numerical results were verified by shaking table test. The seismic behaviors of earth embankment were studied, including the horizontal acceleration response, the vertical acceleration response, the dynamic displacement response, and the block state of earth embankment. Results show that the acceleration magnification near the embankment slope is larger than that in internal earth embankment body. With the increase of input peak acceleration, the horizontal acceleration magnification presents a decreasing trend. The horizontal acceleration response at the top of embankment is more sensitive to the intensity of ground motion than that at the bottom of cmbankment. The embankment presents an obvious nonlinear-plastic characteristic when the input horizontal peak acceleration is larger than 0.3 g. The maximum residual deformation occurs in the middle of embankment slope surface instead of at the top of embankment. The upper part of embankment experiences tension failure without shear failure, and area at mainly presents shear failure under the earthquake loading. surface of earth embankment. the bottom of embankment around the symmetry-axis of embankment The tension failure and shear failure repeatedly occur along the slope

Fruit Nutritional Value of Cornelian Cherry Genotypes （Comus mas L.） Selected in the Vojvodina Province

This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of the best genotypes for future breeding program until the final goal and that is standardizing Cornelian cherry cultivars. Chemical content has been found to depend on the genotype. Total sugar content in fruits ranged from 11.77% （CPC16） to 41.62% （BPC7）, vitamin C from 17.15 mg/100 g （APC8） to 42.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （APC2）, Ca pectat from 0.17% （APC6） to 2.52% （KC 1 ） and anthocyanin from 22.65 mg/100 g （APC4）to 96.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （BPC1）. Cornelian cherry fruits have an especially high content of minerals compared with other fruit species： the potassium content （in ppm） ranges from 2330 （APC6） to 11487 （APC4）, the calcium content from 33.80 （APC6） to 1307.70 （BPC1）, the sodium content from 22.82 （BPC8） to 273.48 （APC8）, the magnesium content from 10.20 （APC6） to 372.80 （APC8） and the iron content from 2.38 （KC2） to 14.40 （APCS）. The balanced content of nutrients, a wide range of food products made from the Cornelian cherry and an extremely high nutritional value make this fruit species a highly recommendable food item, especially if it comes from organic production.

A mesoscale model based on Monte-Carlo method for concrete fracture behavior study

An aggregate generation and packing algorithm based on Monte-Carlo method is developed to express the aggregate random distribution in cement concrete. A mesoscale model is proposed on the basis of the algorithm. In this model, the concrete con- sists of three parts, namely coarse aggregate, cement matrix and the interracial transition zone （ITZ） between them. To verify the proposed model, a three-point bending beam test was performed and a series of two-dimensional mesoscale concrete mod- els were generated for crack behavior investigation. The results indicate that the numerical model proposed in this study is helpful in modeling crack behavior of concrete, and that treating concrete as heterogeneous material is very important in frac- ture modeling.