水处理业迎来发展黄金期

爱思特水务科技有限公司董事长孙晓慰在3月24-25日举行的2010城市水业战略论坛上表示，“十二五”将是中国水处理行业重要的战略发展期，相关水处理企业将迎来新的发展契机。同时，我国的水务行业还应借鉴国内外先进经验，创新管理模式，实现高效率运营。

中国推动水处理业发展

受中国电力需求的推动，全球水／废水处理化学品市场到2010年预计由目前的180亿美元增长到220亿美元。

基于二元逻辑回归模型的我国水处理类上市公司财务危机预警系统研究

使用二元逻辑回归模型,通过研究沪深股市76家亏损公司和经营正常公司样本,建立了财务危机预警模型,弥补了现有的ST公司不适合作为亏损类公司研究样本的不足,并对14家水处理业公司和随机选择的14家ST公司进行判别检验,准确率达到82.65%。

第29届中国水处理年会预通知

由中国化工学会工业水处理专业委员会主办的“2009中国水处理技术研讨会暨第29届年会”拟定于2009年10月14日在桂林市召开，欢迎水处理业内专家、科技人员、市场营销人员出席会议。会议征文工作已近尾声，如需投稿请尽快发至学会邮箱：

Ability of Bacillus mucilaginosus GY03 Strain to Adsorb Chromium Ions

A research with Bacillus mucilaginosus cultured in nitrogen-free medium for forming a flocculant material to adsorb Cr+6 was conducted to determine the effects of different pH, volume, treatment time, and chromium (VI) concentrations on chromium (VI) adsorption by microbial flocculant (MBF), which was produced from the B. mucilaginosus GY03 strain. The results showed that MBF had outstanding flocculation on chromium (VI). Based on the results of a oneway experiment and actual wastewater treatment conditions, the optimum conditions, obtained by using orthogonal experiments, for chromium (VI) adsorption by MBF were: Cr6+ solution pH of 9, flocculant material volume of 15 mL, treatment time of 12 h and chromium ion concentration of 30 mg L-1. The results demonstrated that the MBF produced from GY03 could be used in the chromium-containing wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, after extraction and analysis of the MBF polysaccharides, it was found that MBF was mainly composed of glycoprotein. Analysis on constituents of monosaccharide showed that polysaccharides of B. mucilaginosus were composed of rhamnose, glucose etc. Thus, because it was applied over a wide range of pH, in small amounts and had a rapid flocculation speed the flocculant used in this experiment had a vast field of application potential.

CH_4 emissions and reduction potential in wastewater treatment in China

The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics pa-rameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the mod-erate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 C-35 C. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.

Interactions of Aquaculture and Waste Disposal in the Coastal Zone

Throughout the world, the coastal zones of many countries are used increasingly for aquaculture in addition to other activities such as waste disposal. These activities can cause environmental problems and health problems where they overlap. The interaction between aquaculture and waste disposal, and their relationship with eutrophication are the subjects of this paper. Sewage discharge without adequate dispersion can lead to nutrient elevation and hence eutrophication which has clearly negative effects on aquaculture with the potential for toxic blooms. Blooms may be either toxic or anoxia-causing through the decay process or simply clog the gills of filter-feeding animals in some cases. With the development of aquaculture, especially intensive aquaculture, many environmental problems appeared, and have resulted in eutrophication in some areas. Eutrophication may destroy the health of whole ecosystem which is important for sustainable aquaculture. Sewage discharge may also cause serious public health problems. Filter-feeding shellfish growing in sewage-polluted waters accumulate micro-organisms, including human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and heavy metal ion, presenting a significant health risk. Some farmed animals may also accumulate heavy metals from sewage. Bivalves growing in areas affected by toxic algae blooms may accumulate toxins (such as PSP, DSP) which can be harmful to human beings.

Study on Micro Electrolysis Treatment for Decolorizing Dyed Water

Method for decolrizing dyed wastewater was researched and the affecting factors dicussed. The result shows that the conditions for getting an optimum decolorization effect are: a reaction time of 60 min, a coke size of 5～10 mm, a solid/liquid ratio of 1∶10, an air blast volume of 4 m3/h, and proper Fe/coke ratio determined by the type of dye material. The system acidity influences dyed wastewater in different ways, i.e., acid condition is good for the decolorization of scarlet 3R and methyl orange simulated wastewater but bad for that of alkali violet 5BN simulated wastewater, while the decolorization of dispersed yellow E-RGFL simulated wastewater has nothing to do with pH.

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Drying for Sewage Sludge in Large-Scale Commercial Plant

The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid （solubilization rate of sludge） and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.

Study on metal corrosion caused by chlorine dioxide of various purities

Weight lost method was used to comparatively study the corrosion behavior of four different metals under the dosage of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and their mixture respectively. The experimental results indicated that chlorine causes the most serious corrosion of carbon steel, and the higher the concentration of chlorine, the more serious the corrosion. On the contrary, metals corrosion is the least serious in the case of chlorine dioxide. The results further revealed that chlorine dioxide is the most effective water treatment reagent, making it the best choice to use extensively in circulated cooling water disinfection and corrosion control.

Commercial Application of Technology for Catalytic Combustion of Waste Gases from Wastewater Treatment System in Petrochemical Enterprises

The catalytic combustion technology for treating waste gases exiting from wastewater treatment system and oil separators in petrochemical enterprises was introduced in this article. Commercial application of this technology showed that the process ＂desulfurization and total hydrocarbon concentration homogenizationcatalytic combustion＂ and the associated WSH-1 combustion catalyst were suitable for treating volatile organic gases emitted from the oil separators, floatation tanks, inlet water-collecting well, waste oil tanks, etc. The commercial unit was equipped with an advanced auto-control system, featuring a simple operation and low energy consumption with good treatment effect. The purified gases could meet the national emission standard.

Plant Test of Industrial Waste Disposal in a Cement Kiln

Destruction of industrial waste in cement rotary kilns (CRKs) is an alternative technology for the treatment of certain types of industrial waste (IW). In this paper, three typical types of industrial wastes were co-incinerated in the CRK at Beijing Cement Plant to determine the effects of waste disposal (especially solid waste disposal) on the quality of clinker and the concentration of pollutants in air emission. Experimental results show that (1) waste disposal does not affect the quality of clinker and fly ash, and fly ash after the IW disposal can still be used in the cement production, (2) heavy metals from IW are immobilized and stabilized in the clinker and cement, and (3) concentration of pollutants in air emission is far below than the permitted values in the China National Standard-Air Pollutants Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996).

Treatment of Chinese traditional medicine wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor

A pilot scale test was conducted in a submerged membrane bioreactor SMBR with capacity of 10. 0 m^3/d for 120 days to treat high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. Performance of the SMBR was investigated with a sludge retention time （ TSR ） of 50 days, a hydraulic retention time （ THR ） of 8.0 h, membrane flux of 8. 0 IV（ m^2 · h） and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration of 2. 0 - 3. 0 mg/L, respectively. It was observed that the SMBR had high capacity of COD and suspended solid （SS） removal. The influent COD concentration was fluctuated between I 000 and 5 000 mg/L, while the averaged effluent COl） concentration was only 44. 6 mg/L. The influent SS concentration was fluctuated between 1 000 and 1 600 mg/L, while little effluent SS was detected. It was found that the COD remove rate increased with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and organic loading rate （ROL）. In order to obtain good-quality effluent, the operational conditions of the SMBR were suggested as follows： the temperature was controlled above 10 ℃, MLSS about 7000 mg/L, R,L under 24. 76 kg/（ m^3 · d）, low vacuum value and constant water flux.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sewage Treatment in China during 2000-2009

Based on the statistics from the China Statistical Yearbook （2000-2009） on environment and methods recommended by the IPCC, the amounts of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions from domestic and industrial sewage treatment in China are estimated for the period of 2003-2009. CO2 emissions per capita from sewage treatment plants are also analyzed. The results show that the GHG emissions from sewage treatment plants increased steadily from 2003 to 2009; N20 emissions from domestic sewage are the major source of the total GHG emissions from domestic sewage; CH4 emissions from domestic sewage increase with the greatest speed; CH4 emissions from paper and pulp industry are the major source of industrial sewage emissions; CO2 emissions per capita increase constantly from 2003 to 2009.

Effective Solid Removal Technologies for Wash-Water Treatment to Allow Water Reuse in the Fresh-Cut Fruit and Vegetable Industry

Large quantities of fresh water are used intensively in the washing, cutting, peeling and disinfection of fruits and vegetables, resulting in high solids loading of the wash-water. Review of the literature shows that there is limited information available on how to treat this wash-water on-site. Accordingly, an investigative program was established by sampling wash-water from two industrial partners processing root vegetables to determine the best available approach. Bench scale technologies tested for solids removal were dissolved air flotation （DAF） and centrifuge, followed by ultraviolet （UV） disinfection to evaluate the potential for water reuse. The results showed that DAF and centrifuge were able to remove solids at an efficiency greater than 95%. The DAF process was also able to remove higher levels of dissolved matter and nutrients in comparison to the centrifuge. The DAF process was also able to produce waters with higher transmittance, which leads to improved filtration and UV disinfection for water reuse. Membrane filtration feasibility testing showed that high quality waters can be produced as low as 2 NTU and 4 NTU, following pretreatment with DAF and centrifuge, respectively. However, filtration was unable to remove E. coll. Collimated beam results show that UV disinfection is needed to allow for water reuse.

Research on heavy metals in Ruditapes philippinarum and soda industry wastes

Heavy metals pollution in Jiaozhou Bay was studied in Ruditapes. philippinarum, a bioindicator of seawater pollution. Heavy metals in soda industry wastes “white mud” were also studied. Comparison of microwave digestion method with general digestion method revealed that microwave digestion is superior to general digestion in precision, recovery, digestion speed and efficiency, etc. Cd concentration in Hongdao R. philippinarum samples exceeded the national standard by 0.046 mg/kg, that of Yinghai sample by 0.02 mg/kg, and that of Hongshiya sample by 0.22 mg/kg. Sample Pb concentration in Hongshiya was found to exceed the national standard by 0.02 mg/kg. However the heavy metals concentration in R. philippinarum near the Qingdao Alkaline Factory was complied with the standard. This was proved by Penaeus chinensis culture experiment. Therefore, the possible contamination source may come from other land areas.