城镇污水厂尾水人工湿地生态组合系统处理效果研究

本文采用垂直流人工湿地+生态塘的人工湿地构建方式来进行城镇污水厂尾水人工湿地生态组合处理系统的构建,研究人工湿地生态组合系统在城镇污水厂尾水处理中的效果。研究结果表明,该人工湿地组合生态系统的COD去除率为30.50%,NH3-N的去除率为2 8.7 5%, T N去除率为2 2.9 3%, T P去除率为10.08%。均满足设计要求和一级A标准。这说明通过人工湿地组合生态系统能够有效提升污水处理厂尾水水质,对生态环境保护有非常重要的作用。

浅议特殊水质的处理

本文详细论述了水厂在特殊情况下对高浊度水、低温低浊水、含藻水这三种特殊水质的净化方法及其优点,以供同行业参考。

阴树脂污染分析及复苏处理

根据我厂阴离子交换器阴离子交换树脂受污染情况 ,围绕阴树脂污染的问题 ,对其受污染的各种原因进行深入分析 ,结合多年对阴树脂复苏处理的试验和实践经验 ,展开对受污染的阴树脂进行复苏处理 .通过复苏处理 ,提高了阴树脂的工作交换容量 。

国际应急救援医疗队水系统建设实践研究

目的旨在探讨国际应急医疗队帐篷医院水系统供应保障解决方案。方法借鉴世界卫生组织和外军医疗队装备配备与建设经验,同时总结我医疗队实际建设经验。结果通过对《外国医疗队分类和最低标准》的分析研究,在分析现状、探究原因的基础上提出满足应急救援医疗队水系统建设应考虑的要点问题。结论应急救援医疗队水系统装备标准化、模块化的设计,有助于提高紧急医学救援能力,保障国际应急救援医疗队用水的安全性和可靠性。

Removal of copper ions from electroplating rinse water using electrodeionization

An improved configuration of the membrane stack was adopted in the electrodeionization （EDI） cell to prevent precipitation of bivalent metal hydroxide during the running. The operational parameters that influenced the removal of copper ions from the dilute solution were optimized. The result showed that a moderate decrease in the inlet pH value and a moderate increase in the applied voltage could achieve a better removal effect. The steady process of electroplating wastewater treatment could be achieved with a removal efficiency of more than 99.5% and an enrichment factor of 5-14. The concentration of copper in purified water was less than 0.23 mg/L. This demonstrated the applicability of recovering heavy metal ions and purified water from electroplating effluent for industrial reuse.

Personal Review:Progress and prospect in electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment

As a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP), electro-Fenton process is powerful for degrading most organic compounds including toxic and non-biodegradable ones, and so has attracted great attention. This paper reviews this process in detail including the mechanism, electrolytic bath, electrode materials, aerations and operation parameters. The application of electro-Fenton method in wastewater treatment is evaluated and summarized. Future work in this field is suggested, and three main directions of new electrode exploitation, development of assisted technologies and mechanistic study should be strengthened.

Inhibitory effect of ammonia nitrogen on specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge

A series of batch experiments were conducted in 125 mL serum bottles to assess the toxicity of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen to the specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge from upflow anaerobic sludge bed（UASB） and expanded granular sludge bed（EGSB） reactors. The effects of pH value and temperature on toxicity of ammonia nitrogen to anaerobes were investigated. The results show that the specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge suffers inhibition from ammonia nitrogen, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen that produce 50 % inhibition of specific methanogenic activity for sludge from UASB and EGSB reactor are 2.35 and 2.75 g/L, respectively. Hydrogen utilizing methanogens suffers less inhibition from ammonia mtrogen than that of acetate utilizing methanogens. Hydrogen-producing acetogens that utilize propionate and butyrate as substrates suffer serious inhibition from ammonia nitrogen. The toxicity of ammonia nitrogen to anaerobic granular sludge enhances when pH value and temperature increase. Anaerobic granular sludge can bear higher concentrations of ammonia nitrogen after being acclimated by ammonia nitrogen for 7 d.

A New Method for Effluent Treatment System Design

this paper mainly discusses the design of distributed effluenttreatment systems with single contami- nant. A new method is putforward and four basic rules are provided. The key point of themethod is that global optimality is obtained by guaranteeing theoptimality of each step taken in the design. Costs per unit mass ofremoved contaminant are used as a scale to choose the nextcombination of an effluent stream and a treatment process. Theremaining problem is updated after each choice. As for multiplecontaminants, a two-stage method is adopted.

Combined treatment of landfill leachate with fecal supernatant in sequencing batch reactor

A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used to treat landfill leachate containing high concentration of ammonium nitrogen with municipal fecal supernatant. The SBR system is operated in the following sequential phases: fill period, anoxic period, aeration period, settling period, decant and idle period. The results indicated that the average removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5, TN, NH 4+-N were 93.76%, 98.28%, 84.74% and 99.21%, respectively. The average sludge removal loading rates of COD, BOD5, TN and NH 4+-N were 0.24 kg/(kg SS?d), 0.08 kg/(kg SS?d), 0.04 kg/(kg SS?d) and 0.036 kg/(kg SS?d), respectively. Highly effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was achieved in the SBR system. The ratio of nitrification and denitrification was 99% and 84%, respectively. There was partial NO?2 denitrification in the system.

Advances in Energy-Producing Anaerobic Biotechnologies for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Municipal wastewater treatment has long been known as a high-cost and energy-intensive process that destroys most of the energy-containing molecules by spending energy and that leaves little energy and few nutrients available for reuse, Over the past few years, some wastewater treatment plants have tried to revamp themselves as ＂resource factories,＂ enabled by new technologies and the upgrading of old technologies. In particular, there is an renewed interest in anaerobic biotechnologies, which can convert organic matter into usable energy and preserve nutrients for potential reuse. However, considerable technological and economic limitations still exist. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in several cutting-edge anaerobic biotechnologies for wastewater treatment, including enhanced side- stream anaerobic sludge digestion, anaerobic membrane bioreactors, and microbial electrochemical systems, and discuss future challenges and opportunities for their applications. This review is intended to provide useful information to guide the future design and optimization of municipal wastewater treatment processes.

Preparation of TiO_2-activated carbon complex membranes and their photoelectrocatalytic activity

The experimental process of preparing TiO 2 activated carbon complex membranes with activated carbon powder as main carrier, PTFE as binder and wire netting as matrix is described in detail, and both photo catalysis and photo electro catalysis are measured to study the properties of complex membranes. Experimental results show that the photo catalytic activity of the membranes is high and stable in the process of treating Rhodamine B; the application of an electric field accelerates the speed of photo catalysis, and the efficiency of photo catalysis is increased 2.5 times when the applied voltage is 0.8 V; and the degradation of Rhodamine B follows the dynamics of first order reaction. It is concluded from the discussion of experimental results that the preparation process of TiO 2 activated carbon complex membranes is a simple low cost process suitable for large scale application.

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater by Using Biosorbents from Marine Algae-A Cost Effective New Technology

Heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater is a worldwide environmental issue. Biosorption of heavy metals by using biosorbents derived from various types of biomass has been shown to be effective for the uptake of heavy metal ions. In this study, biosorbents derived from the biomass of a group of marine macroalgae were used for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Results indicated that the biosorbents have high uptake capacities and affinities for a number of heavy metal ions. The uptake capacities of the biosorbents were in the range of 1.0 to 1.5mmol·g-1 for divalent heavy metal ions. The kinetics of the uptake process was fast and the process can be used in both batch and fixed-bed operations. It appears that the biosorption process by using biosorbents from marine macroalgae can be an efficient and cost effective technology for the treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater.

Factors affecting ice crystal purity during freeze concentration process for urine treatment

Freeze concentration has great potential in treating wastewaters containing soluble pollutions. It is important for freeze concentration process to produce ice crystals with large size and high purity. In this work raw urines of 4660 -7914 mg/L in COD, 512. 71 -872. 41 mg/L in NH3 -N and 22600 -28800 μs/cm in electric conductivity were studied. Urines were frozen by a digital refrigerated circulator bath. Ice crystals were purified by ice-water steep and vacuum filtration. The COD, NH3 - N, and electric conductivity levels of the melted ices were measured to reflect ice crystal purity. Effects of coolant temperature, ice crystal shape, initial solution temperature, solution concentration, ice seeding, re-crystallization process and crystallization time on ice crystal purity were analyzed. The results show that an appropriate coolant temperature, suspended ice crystals, an initial solution temperature of about 6 ℃, introduction of seed ice, addition of re-crystallization process, and crystallization time of less than 30 min axe in favor of producing ice crystals with high purity. Under such conditions, more than 99 percent of inorganic salts, COD and NH3 - N sources in raw urine could he removed.

Electricity Generation Using Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell during Wastewater Treatment

An upflow mode membrane-less microbial fuel cell （ML-MFC） was designed for wastewater treatment. Granular graphite electrodes, which are flexible in size, were adopted in the ML-MFC. Microbes present in anaerobic activated sludge were used as the biocatalyst and artificial wastewater was tested as substrate. During the electrochemically active microbe enrichment stage, a stable power output of 536 mW.m-3 with reference to the anode volume was generated by the ML-MFC running in batch mode. The voltage output decreased from 203 mV to about 190 mV after the ML-MFC was changed from batch mode to normally continuous mode, indicating that planktonic electrochemically active bacterial strains in the ML-MFC may be carried away along with the effluent. Cyclic voltammograms showed that the attached microbes possessed higher bioelectrochemical activity than the planktonic microbes. Forced aeration to the cathode benefited the electricity generation obviously. Higher feeding rate and longer electrode distance both increased the electricity generation. The coulombic yield was not more than 20% throughout the study, which is lower than that of MFCs with membrane. It is proposed that dissolved oxygen diffused from the cathode to the anode may consume part of the substrate.

Enhanced primary treatment of low-concentration municipal wastewater by means of bio-flocculant Pullulan

Jar tests were conducted to investigate the performance of enhanced primary treatment processes for low-concentra-tion municipal wastewater from South China by using composite flocculant combined with bio-flocculants Pullulan and poly-aluminum-chloride (PAC). The optimum dosage for composite flocculant and conditions for flocculation were determined. The experimental results indicated that composite flocculant had high efficiency for removing over 95% of turbidity, over 58% of CODCr (chemical oxygen demand determined with potassium dichromate), over 91% of TP (total phosphate), and over 15% of NH3-N. Moreover, it could improve sludge settling and dehydration properties, and decrease the treatment cost.

Combined treatment of dyeing wastewater by a new sequential bi-cycling biological fluidized bed

A new wastewater treatment equipment, the bi-external recycling biological fluidized bed (BRBFB), which is an effective equipment, was investigated. Anaerobic digestion, aerobic aeration and settlement processes with a fixed sequential procedure were compacted into this reactor. By five different treatment courses, the optimization of the combined operation procedure in the system was determined to be a 12-hour cycle including an inflow process, a 4 h anaerobic digestion process, a 4 h aerobic aeration process, a 2 h settlement process and a 2 h recess process including effluent discharge process. By utilizing BRBFB to treat a synthetic dyeing wastewater, 90% of COD_ Cr is removed for a higher-concentration water (COD_ Cr 1 000-1 200 mg/L), and 82% of COD_ Cr is removed for a lower-concentration water (COD_ Cr 400-600 mg/L). Near 100% color is removal and discharging standards for industry wastewater are achieved.

Synergism of Novel Sequence Bio-ecological Process and Biological Aerated Filter for Sewage Treatment in Cold Climate

A lab-scale integrated treatment system including the novel sequence bio-ecological process （SBEP） and biological aerated filter （BAF） for a sewage mixture （chemistry laboratory wastewater and domestic sewage） was presented in this paper. The main objective of the study was to test the contribution of artificial aeration, recir-culation ratio and mass concentration of steel slag on pollutant removal in winter when the plants are dormant. It had been shown that SBEP and BAF play different roles in removing contaminants from wastewater. During the airflow experiment, the removal efficiency of COD and TP in SBEP was higher than that in BAF, whereas BAF can compensate for the deficiency of SBEP where no significant improvement on ammonium nitrogen removal is ob-served. Yet, the removal etticiencies of COD,TP and NH4^＋ -N in SBEP could be improved apparently when ditterent recireulation ratio or various mass concentration of steel were applied. Especially, when the airflow of 0.06 L·h^-1, the recirculation ratio rate of 80% and the mass concentration of steel of 2.2-2.4 g·L^-1 were applied, thehighest efficiency of 94.6%, 77.9% and 80.7% for COD, TP and NH4^＋ -N were achieved,-respectively,The integrated treatment system of SBEP and BAF was proved to be an effective wastewater treatment technique and a better alternative to treat domestic sewage.

Development of a novel modified EGSB reactor for municipal sewage treatment at ambient temperatures

A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.

稻壳灰及其在过滤与分离领域中的应用

MaxFlo稻壳灰(Rice Hull Ash,简称RHA)是稻壳通过发电过程的燃烧转换而成的一种新型高性能助滤剂及过滤介质。稻壳本身含有平均6 000 BTU/lb的能量,是一种很好的天然可再生的能量资源。由于稻壳本身的多孔结构以及高达20%的硅含量,在适当的温度、时间控制下,稻壳会通过燃烧被转换成一种具有多微孔结构的非晶硅粉状材料。该材料可以同时满足高过滤速率及高过滤效率的要求,是一种很好的助滤剂及过滤介质。最新研究开发的具有吸附性能的MaxFlo稻壳灰,可用于分子及离子态有机及无机杂质的分离。实验及实际应用数据表明,MaxFlo稻壳灰用于水及废水处理可以有效去除高达80%的颜色,85%TSS,90%铁,81%锰,80%砷,以及85%的COD。对稻壳灰的生产过程,物理、化学、过滤性能,产品开发,及其在水、油及其他非均相过滤分离领域中的应用进行介绍。

气泡羽流的研究进展和应用

从试验、积分羽流模型、CFD模型方面综述了气泡羽流的研究现状。在此基础上,介绍了一些应用领域的研究进展,包括海上天然气泄露、海上溢油的围控、水处理和污水处理以及疏浚工程。