Analysis of the Groundwater System Change and Driving Factors in Songnen Plain in Jilin Province

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the study of underground water dynamic changes in Songnen Plain in Jilin Province.[Method] The dynamic changes and driving factors for the underground water in Songnen Plain in Jilin Province was expounded.[Result] Since 1960s,the temperature in the Songnen Plain in Jilin Province increased gradually.The average temperature increased 2℃;precipitation reduced gradually.Especially,the trend of precipitation reduction in west area was more distinct;in the meantime,the development of underground water augmented gradually and reached 2 800 million m3 in 2008.Driven by many factors,regional underground water level had distinct changes.Potential water position reduced greatly in northwest fan-shaped area.The one in other places were stable and even increased in certain parts;confined water position decreased quickly in general and it increased in certain parts.[Conclusion] The general deterioration trend of underground water environment was inevitable.But,the deterioration process can be eased through scientific planning and regional underground water resources so as to realize sustainable utilization of regional underground water resources.

Survey of breeding populations of the Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) in the Songnen Plain,northeastern China

With the support of the UNEP/GEF Siberian Crane Wetland Project,a five-year field survey of breeding waterbirds was conducted in four nature reserves - Zhalong,Keerqin,Xianghai and Momoge National Nature Reserves in the Songnen Plain for the period from May 2004 to August 2008.The purpose of the survey was to improve our understanding of the distribution and populations of breeding waterbirds in this area.The Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) was the most important target species.Our survey results confirm that the Zhalong wetland is the largest breeding ground for the Red-crowned cranes in the Songnen Plain.Over 90％ of the breeding birds were found in Zhalong,with numbers fluctuating from 112 to 275 over the years.Reed (Phragmites australis) is the most important plant species associated with breeding locations of this bird species.Water supply to the wetland can relieve pressure from deterioration of wetland habitats for the breeding of Red-crowned cranes.However,a sound scientific basis for the water supply mechanism is the key to better management of their habitat and a prerequisite for ensuring the breeding success of the Red-crowned Crane.

青嫩菜蔬伴冬暖

白菜有味是清欢 江南水乡,冬日清寒,农家的菜园里,一颗颗白菜比肩而立,整饬而鲜明。白菜个大腰圆,如田间劳作的健硕农妇。它白生生的水嫩,洁净素雅,丰腴肥硕,呈半透明的白绿色、石青色,气味芬芳。白菜叶青如翡翠,茎白似凝脂,敦厚中显露端庄,清秀中蕴藏妩媚,白菜的滋味太深刻,蕴涵着无穷气韵,淡、嫩、清、甘、柔、脆,透着一种丰润而水灵的气质。

美白,秋冬正当季

"春夏防晒,秋冬美白",目前正逐渐成为一种新的护肤概念.强调秋冬美白并不是说秋冬就不要防晒,而是更强调在秋冬季节把护肤重点放在美白方面.因为只有在这个阳光不算强烈的季节,美白才更容易出效果,在夏天被晒黑或被晒伤的肌肤细胞,才能得到更完好的修复,吸收更丰富的营养,为迎接春夏的骄阳打下牢固的基础.……

大假归来

屈指算来，全年的七天大假只有三次，所以五月也成为令人最神往的月份之一。早在四月底，编辑部众大小编辑就在盘算着五一节怎样“腐败”。

给肌肤喝瓶矿泉水

随着气温不断升高,夏天也越来越近了,很容易就把肌肤表面的水分带走了。美容专家认为。在这个季节要想让皮肤焕发光彩,只有让肌肤喝到充足的水分。有什么简单实用的保湿方法吗?答案就是矿泉水。同时,在这样的季节,美白也被提上日程了,美白方法呢?还是离不了矿泉水。

护肤小贴士

泉肌胶原保湿面膜5片保湿面膜5片泉肌胶原保湿面膜,日本进口,含水溶胶原蛋白,用后令肌肤回复紧致、水嫩润泽;并能于肌肤表面形成一层锁水膜,使肌肤充满水润弹力质感。泉肌保湿面膜,日本进口,含高质量透明质酸,能迅速渗入肌肤底层,舒缓保湿;用后肤质柔软,并在表皮层锁紧水分,使肌肤水嫩有光泽。

Toxicity Screening of Water Sources in Flooded Agricultural Areas of Nen-Shkodra Lowland Using Allium cepa L. Assay

The reaction ofAllium cepa root tips to the presence of potential toxic chemicals was used to evaluate the cyto/genotoxic effects of some water sources of Nen-Shkodra lowland agricultural area after massive 2010-2011 flooding. MRL （Mean root length）, MI （mitotic index）, PI （phase index） and CA （chromosome abnormalities） endpoints of onion roots, grown in four water samples, were measured and compared with tap water and Cu solution 0.5 mg/L （negative and positive controls）. Inhibition of root growth, cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations were detected. The most polluted water sample caused MRL inhibition of 36%, MI decrease of 38%, and a considerable increase in chromosomal aberrations （7.8%） compared to the negative control. Most frequent CA types were： bridges and fragments, stickiness and C-metaphase. The results indicated a slight toxic tendency of analyzed natural waters, serving as an alert of environmental impact that chemical pollution had after flooding.

Sources and Levels of Metals in the Upper Litani Basin Soils： Lebanon

There are a number of factors that contribute to heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils including deficient management of solid waste, waste water discharge, irrigation with contaminated water, and use of fertilizers and pesticides. The aim of this study is to estimate the sources and the levels of metals in soils of the ULB （Upper Litani Basin） that receive all mentioned factors. Soil samples were collected during the dry season from 24 sites along the Litani River flow, and 12 sites irrigated by Canal 900 withdrawn from the Qaraoun Dam along river. Metals in soils were analyzed using EDXRF （energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence） technique. Data revealed the following average levels of some heavy metals in soils with high percentage of samples exceeding the international guidelines： Mn （593 mg/kg）--67%, Ni （98 mg/kg）--96%, Cr （143 mg/kg）--92%, Hg （3.6 mg/kg）--38%, Cd （2.8 mg/kg）---25% and As （17.6 mg/kg）-84%. In canal soils： Mn （683 mg/kg）-86%, Ni （156 mg/kg）-100%, Cr （203 mg/kg） -100%, Hg （2.3 mg/kg）-25%, Cd （3.3 mg/kg）-25% and As （19.5 mg/kg）-92%. The prime source of toxic metals was due to the agricultural runoffs, beside sewage and domestic waste water discharge. Thus, the prominent findings of high levels of toxic metals （Cr, Cd, Hg and As） in soils and consequent probability in plants might induce a major health threat to consumers,

Chemical Profile of Lebanon＇s Potential Contaminated Coastal Water

Lebanese marine water is exposed to multi-point source contaminants. Risk assessment associated with deteriorative water quality profile is not only affected by the disposed quantities of specific contaminant, but also its chemical speciated forms. The objective of this study is to quantify the Lebanese chemical marine water profile. Sea water samples were collected based on GIS map. The chemical water quality was assessed by measuring the macro water parameters and potential existing metals. The microbiological profile of water was evaluated by fecal coliform. Results showed contamination by fecal coliform and high levels of toxic metals. However, the actual projected impact of the detected metals on human health were assessed using geochemical models ＂FREEQCE＂ and ＂Mineq＋＂ that predict the metal species forms, mainly, the free aqua-metal ion, most toxic form. Thus, these results necessitate the proposal of integrated intervention plans for the protection of this marine source and consistent with international treaties.

Assessment of Groundwater for Heavy Metals in Selected Areas of North Lebanon

Heavy metals are ubiquitous in the environment and their consumption can create a potential hazard to human health, Lebanon is one of the richest countries in the Middle East. This study was undertaken to assess some of the heavy metals in drinking ground water of north Lebanon. Forty five ground water samples were collected from three different areas, the region of Bcharreh, a high mountain area, the region of Bessebaal, a semi industrial area and the region of Chekka, a sea level highly industrial area. Lead, chromium, zinc and copper were estimated using atomic absorption spectrometer. This study revealed high concentration of lead in the Bessebaal and Chekka areas （0.1328 mg/L, 0.3751 mg/L, respectively）; whereas chromium was estimated to be high in all three regions, 0.2429 mg/L, 0.2249 mg/L and 0.2443 mg/L in Bcharreh, Bessebaal and Chekka, respectively. Alternatively zinc showed a high concentration only in Bessebaal and Chekka （0.3715 mg/L, 0.3216 mg/L, respectively）, while, a low level of zinc （0.0393 mg/L） was detected in Bcharreh. As for copper, it was only detected in Chekka （0.0019 mg/L）.This study shined the light on the importance of heavy metals screening in our drinking water hence suggesting the developing of a successful programs for testing the quality of water sources before using it for drinking purpose.

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of Nenjiang River basin, China

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality is important to evaluate the health of a watershed and make necessary management decisions to control current and future pollution of receiving water bodies. In this work, surface water quality data for 12 physical and chemical parameters collected from 10 sampling sites in the Nenjiang River basin during the years(2012-2013) were analyzed. The results show that river water quality has significant temporal and spatial variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) grouped 12 months into three periods(LF, MF and HF) and classified 10 monitoring sites into three regions(LP, MP and HP) based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principle component analysis(PCA)/factor analysis(FA) was used to recognize the factors or origins responsible for temporal and spatial water quality variations. Temporal and spatial PCA/FA revealed that the Nenjiang River water chemistry was strongly affected by rock/water interaction, hydrologic processes and anthropogenic activities. This work demonstrates that the application of HCA and PCA/FA has achieved meaningful classification based on temporal and spatial criteria.

Mountain Effect and Differences in Storm Floods between Northern and Southern Sources of the Songhua River Basin

In this study, the differences in annual rainstorm changes in the Second Songhua River Basin and the Nenjiang River basin and their causes were compared from the perspective of mountain effects. The following results were drawn: (1) Altitude effect is the primary factor leading to increased rainstorms in the southern source; (2) Slope effect primarily leads to differences of the weather systems in the two sources, and thus cause the difference of the rainstorms; (3) Slope effect is responsible for the greater fluctuation in the observed floods in the southern source. These landform differences eventually lead to the differences in the characteristics of floods in the southern and northern sources. Commensurability method was used to identify the period of rainstorms in the southern and northern sources. The results showed that although rainstorms do not appear at the same time in the two sources they are characteristic of a 10 years' period in both areas. These results can serve as hydrological references for flood control and long-term flood disaster predictions.

Analyzing Climatic and Hydrologic Trends in Lebanon

Lebanon was described as the ＂water tower of the Middle East＂. However, this status does not exist lately, thus the increase in population and the variability in climatic conditions affected the hydrologic regime. Recent data is still lacking to build up a comprehensive figure on the existing climatic conditions. Whereas, the available hydrologic data is non-sequential in some areas. This study presents illustrations on climatic and hydrologic trends in Lebanon. They were built in combination between data from ground measures and from satellite images. It established a complete figure on precipitation （rainfall and snow） and temperature trends. While hydrologic components were also recognized and monitored, including, rivers, springs and groundwater regime. The resulted illustrations indicated no considerable changes in trends of rainfall, but there is an increase in temperature, which enhances snowmelt and reduces it spatial cover. Besides, there is an obvious decline in the volume of water from different sources, which reaches about 60% in some rivers and springs. This in turn reveals the negative influence ofanthropogenic interference on water resources rather than considering only the climatic parameters.

哈罗闪婴儿净护二合一洗发沐浴露

哈罗闪——德国助产士推荐的婴幼儿洗护品牌，100％德国原装进口。独特的水解牛乳蛋白配方，给宝宝母乳般的呵护，是妈妈可更多信赖的宝宝皮肤护理专家。哈罗闪婴儿净护二合一洗发沐浴露，在清洁保温的同时，深层滋润补水，呵护宝宝娇嫩的肌肤。

可儿芬磨牙棒，宝宝萌牙之选

可儿芬磨牙棒，澳洲生产，原装进口。精选澳大利亚本地小麦粉与脱脂乳粉等90％以上澳洲本土原料；采用特殊工艺制作，结构细密，韧性较强，食用过程中碎屑少而小，且不易断裂，有助缓解宝宝出牙不适。