从“水寒木郁”辨治乳腺癌相关抑郁状态

总结乳腺癌相关抑郁状态的治疗思路与方法,认为乳腺癌相关抑郁状态发生的重要病机在于“水寒木郁”,阳虚水寒乃病之根本,肝木郁结乃病之肇始,水寒则不能温养肝木,木郁则条达之性失常,木郁则不能生火,君火不明,心神失养。并由此提出主张温肾燮肝,注重温补肾阳以培元,同时不忘燮理肝木以解郁,以期肝肾同治。

基于“水寒木郁”病机下温阳解郁方辅助治疗对帕金森病合并轻度认知障碍老年患者认知功能及脑电功能的影响

目的:研究在"水寒木郁"病机下使用温阳解郁方辅助治疗老年帕金森病(PD)合并轻度认知障碍患者脑电功能及认知功能的影响。方法:选取2018年10月—2020年10月127例PD合并轻度认知障碍老年患者作为研究目标,采用随机数字表法分组,对照组63例给予多巴丝肼治疗,观察组64例增加温阳解郁方辅助治疗,比较2组患者认知功能、脑神经递质、脑电功能改善情况和不良反应情况。结果:观察组治疗后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分明显高于对照组,39项帕金森生存质量调查问卷(PDQ-39)评分低于对照组;观察组5-羟色胺(5-HT)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、多巴胺(DA)等脑神经递质水平明显高于对照组;观察组脑电功能改善有效率57.81%明显高于对照组34.92%,差异均有统计学意义。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:温阳解郁方辅助治疗能够提高患者神经递质水平,促进认知功能恢复,改善脑电功能,效果优异,值得推广应用。

“水寒木郁”病机在帕金森病抑郁发病中的作用

"水寒木郁"即指肾阳虚水寒,肝木失温,肝郁不发而为病。此病机观源于《黄帝内经》,并被后世医家发展应用于各系统疾病中。我们通过前期研究发现"水寒木郁"亦为帕金森病抑郁(PDD)发病的重要机制,其中阳虚水寒为发病之根本,肝木郁滞为发病之肇始。许多临床研究从温阳解郁的角度治疗PDD效果良好,我们也以此病机为据拟定温阳解郁方(制附子、巴戟天、柴胡等)进行研究,有效率达70%。药理学研究亦表明,一些有温肾或疏肝作用的中药能通过多个途径治疗PDD,这些研究结果反向证实了PDD"水寒木郁"病机的正确性。从历史溯源、理论探索、相关研究依据等方面阐述该病机在PDD发病中的作用,以期为PDD的病机研究及临床治疗提供新的思路和借鉴。

Characteristic and optimization of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement suitable for cold region tunnels

To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting material)at 20 and 3℃.The results show that low temperature only delays the strength development of FSAC grouting material within the first 3 d.Then,the effect of four typical early strength synergists on the early properties of FSAC grouting material was evaluated to optimize the early(£1 d)strength at 3℃.The most effective synergist,Ca(HCOO)_(2),which enhances the low-temperature early strength without compromising fluidity was selected based on strength and fluidity tests.Its micro-mechanism was analyzed by XRD,TG,and SEM methods.The results reveal that the most suitable dosage range is 0.3 wt%−0.5 wt%.Proper addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)changed the crystal morphology of the hydration products,decreased the pore size and formed more compact hydration products by interlocking and overlapping.However,excessive addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)inhibited the hydration reaction,resulting in a simple and loose structure of the hydration products.The research results have reference value for controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing water and mud inrushes during the excavation in cold region tunnels.

A study on the simulation of carbon and water fluxes of Dangxiong alpine meadow and its response to climate change

The alpine meadow ecosystem accounts for 27%of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau and is also one of the most important vegetation types.The Dangxiong alpine meadow ecosystem,located in the south-central part of the Tibetan Plateau,is a typical example.To understand the carbon and water fluxes,water use efficiency(WUE),and their responses to future climate change for the alpine meadow ecosystem in the Dangxiong area,two parameter estimation methods,the Model-independent Parameter Estimation(PEST)and the Dynamic Dimensions Search(DDS),were used to optimize the Biome-BGC model.Then,the gross primary productivity(GPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)were simulated.The results show that the DDS parameter calibration method has a better performance.The annual GPP and ET show an increasing trend,while the WUE shows a decreasing trend.Meanwhile,ET and GPP reach their peaks in July and August,respectively,and WUE shows a“dual-peak”pattern,reaching peaks in May and November.Furthermore,according to the simulation results for the next nearly 100 years,the ensemble average GPP and ET exhibit a significant increasing trend,and the growth rate under the SSP5–8.5 scenario is greater than that under the SSP2–4.5 scenario.WUE shows an increasing trend under the SSP2–4.5 scenario and a significant increasing trend under the SSP5–8.5 scenario.This study has important scientific significance for carbon and water cycle prediction and vegetation ecological protection on the Tibetan Plateau.

基于《四圣心源》浅议心悸证治

黄元御以“一气周流”理论阐述人体生理,以“水寒土湿木郁”理论阐释人体病理,从而形成了独特的学术思想。对于心悸一病,黄元御认为阳衰土湿而致戊土不降、相火不藏是导致心悸发生的关键。同时文章基于水寒、土湿、木郁的理论提出了己土不升、木不生火而致心悸的观点,将两种观点进行剖析,为临床诊治心悸提供新的思维模式与治疗方法,以期提高临床疗效。

Effects of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on Cold Resistance of Litchi under Low Temperature

This paper focused on the effect of spraying chitosan and salicylic acid to Litchi under low temperature stress conditions.The physiology and biochemistry of litchi were studied as well.Results showed that the appropriate concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid treatment could effectively reduce injury caused by low temperature to litchi,compared with water control,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein content of litchi after treatment and the activity of protective enzyme increasing significantly.However,the accumulation of resistance could significantly be improved.Furthermore,when 1 000 mg/L chitosan combined with 50 mg/L salicylic acid,the litchi acquired the best cold resistance capability.

基于《金匮要略》历节病论治大骨节病思路探讨

汉·张仲景在《金匮要略》一书中对历节病的病因病机、病位以及诊治进行了较为全面系统的论述,认为历节病病位在骨关节,与肝脾肾等脏关系密切,病因主要为“水寒血败”,其中内因为“血败”责之于肝肾阴亏、湿热蕴胃、阴血亏虚、阳气不足等;外因为“水寒”即外感受风寒湿邪,根据病因不同又将本病分为风湿历节和寒湿历节,治疗分别为风湿历节用桂枝芍药知母汤祛风除湿、温经散寒,寒湿历节用乌头汤温经散寒、除湿止痛。本课题组近年来的主要方向为发掘中医经方理论在大骨节病防治方面的基础及临床研究。因此本文将较详细的剖析了大骨节病与历节病的病因病机,旨在进一步探讨仲景治疗历节病的辨证论治思想进而为制定大骨节病的中医治疗方案提供理论依据。

刘光伟教授从升阳补土论治肝郁证经验

肝郁证是临床常见的一种以情绪低沉、胸胁及少腹部胀满疼痛、喜叹息为主要表现的病证,女性较为多见^([1])。其病情的轻重与发病的时间、肝郁的程度、郁滞的部位及情绪的变化密切相关,肝脏影像学检查结果无异常,将其归属于神经官能症,无特异性的治疗手段,多从抗抑郁及心理疏导对症治疗,存在服药时间长、停药易复发、副作用较大等因素,往往疗效欠佳。中医药因其安全高效、整体观念及辨证论治的特点,在改善肝郁患者临床症状及病情预后转归中发挥出特色与优势。

引火归元法运用心得

临床实践中发现诸病可见的多种虚火浮越、火不归元的症状,如自汗盗汗、头痛、心烦不安、口干咽痛、舌疮、牙龈出血、口腔溃疡、突发性耳鸣耳聋、不寐等,皆可运用引火归元法来治疗。火不归元的类型一般分为三种:水浅不潜龙,阴虚火旺,水亏不足以制火,龙火离位上奔,相火上冲于头面;水寒不藏龙,阳虚水冷,肾水寒极,水寒格火,逼真火浮游于上、于外;本虚不养龙,阴阳两虚,以阳虚为主,肾元亏虚,火不归藏,浮越于上。以上三种浮火证其治则为从治法:热因热用,具体治法为潜火归藏、引火归元。临证见各种火不归元症状,辨证属肾脏阴阳亏虚为本、虚火浮越为标者,皆可以引火归元法治疗。

Design and Realization of Cold Disaster Early Warning System for Subtropics Aquaculture

By analyzing the subtropics aquaculture present situation,the necessity of the construction of cold disaster early warning system for subtropics aquaculture,the research goal and the duty were expounded. The system structure and the frame were introduced in detail. Several key questions and their solutions of the cold disaster early warning system for subtropics aquaculture were put forward.

Effects of Bt-transgenic Rice on Cold Resistance of Oriental Migratory Locust

In this study, the Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic rice were fed to three generations of oriental migratory Iocust, respectiveIy under Iaboratory conditions so as to investigate the effects of Bt-transgenic rice on coId resistance of oriental migratory Iocust. The supercooIing point and freezing point of oriental migratory Iocust was de-termined using supercooIing point meter. The resuIts showed that the supercooIing points of fourth instar Iarvae, fifth instar Iarvae, male aduIts and female aduIts, which were al fed with Bt-transgenic rice, were -5.89, -7.59, -6.64 and -6.79, respectiveIy. There were no significant differences between treatment and controI groups.

Biomass Allocation Patterns of Alpine Grassland Species and Functional Groups along a Precipitation Gradient on the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Variations in the fractions of biomass allocated to functional components are widely considered as plant responses to resource availability for grassland plants. Observations indicated shoots isometrically relates to roots at the community level but allometrically at the species level in Tibetan alpine grasslands. These differences may result from the specific complementarity of functional groups between functional components, such as leaf, root, stem and reproductive organ. To test the component complementary responses to regional moisture variation, we conducted a multi-site transect survey to measure plant individual size and component biomass fractions of common species belonging to the functional groups： forbs, grasses, legumes and sedges on the Northern Tibetan Plateau in peak growing season in 2010. Along the mean annual precipitation （MAP） gradient, we sampled 7o species, in which 2o are in alpine meadows, 20 in alpine steppes, 15 in alpine desert-steppes and 15 in alpine deserts, respectively. Our results showed that the size of alpine plants is small with individual biomass mostly lower than 1.0 g. Plants keep relative conservative component individual responses moisture functional fractions across alpine grasslands at the level. However, the complementary between functional components to variations specifically differ among groups. These results indicate that functional group diversity may be an effective tool for scaling biomass allocation patterns from individual up to community level. Therefore, it is necessary andvaluable to perform intensive and systematic studies on identification and differentiation the influences of compositional changes in functional groups on ecosystem primary services and processes.

Ductility improvement methods for commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy in cold forging

In order to realize cold forging of magnesium alloys in practical application,some methods for ductility improvement of a commercial wrought AZ31B magnesium alloy(Mg-3%Al-1%Zn,mass fraction) at room temperature were suggested.The effects of heat treatment before forging and hydrostatic pressure during forging on the ductility were investigated in cold upsetting and cup forging.High-temperature annealing was effective to reduce the degree of the texture anisotropy of the specimen,and it was found that the forging limit of the annealed specimen was improved in cold forging.On the other hand,cold cup forging of the annealed specimen was carried out with applying counter pressure.By applying counter pressures of 100-200 MPa during forging,the critical punch stroke for forging limit of the specimen without crack was improved by 25%in punch stroke.

Standardized Cultivation of Cold Region Rice in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

The paper analyzes the characteristics of rice production in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area(HRA)and the achievements made through innovative research and practice,evaluates the standardized mode of rice cultivation and technical standards for rice production,which play a key role in guaranteeing the growth of grain total output in Heilongjiang reclamation area and make great contributions to the national grain safety.

Chitosan that Dissolves in Hard Water Represses Mutagenicity

Chitosan is derived by deacetylation of chitin, a major component of the shells of crustacea such as crabs and shrimps. In this experiment using the Ames test, there was antimutagenic effect by the water-soluble chitosan that dissolved in hard water （CHW）. The Ames test was performed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. For the antimutagenic test, and the desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, Trp-P-2, 2AA and AF-2 were used as mutagens. Tests for spontaneous mutation rate without mutagens were performed using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. When several concentrations of CHW were directly added to Minimal Glucose Plates, there were no changes in the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100. In desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, the number of His^＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100 decreased. In the test for spontaneous mutation rate, the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA 100 decreased slightly. When a concentration of CHW was added to examine antimutagenic effects, there was no change in the viable cell count of TA98 and TA100. From these results, AF-2 that is a direct mutagen may combine with CHW, and that may also be carrying out the inactivation. CHW possibly acts directly on the DNA by decreasing the rate at which mutation is caused to the strain＇s promutagens, Trp-P-2 and 2AA. This is evident from the decreased spontaneous mutation rate without a decreased viable cell count.

Species Richness and Diversity of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau:Effects of Grazing Exclusion and Growing Season Precipitation

Species richness and diversity indices （Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index） in alpine grassland ecosystems （alpine meadow, alpine steppe and desert steppe） under grazing-excluded and freely grazed sites were investigated along the Northern Tibetan Plateau Alpine Grassland Transect during summer 2009 and 2010. We found that species richness and diversity have not been significantly altered by short-term grazing exclusion since 2006 at vegetation and regional scales. Species richness and diversity were mainly driven by growing season precipitation （GSP）, which accounted for over 87 % of the total variation observed, Species richness and diversity at grazing- excluded and freely grazed sites appear to respond to growing season precipitation in parallel. Species richness exponentially increased with GSP while diversity indices showed positively linear relationships with GSP. This indicates that GSP on the Northern Tibetan Plateau is crucial in regulating species richness and diversity and should be taken into account in future studies on alpine grassland conservation.

二十一味寒水石丸抗溃疡的药效及机制研究

目的:探讨藏药二十一味寒水石丸对抗溃疡的药效及其可能机制。方法:采用大鼠幽门结扎型动物胃溃疡模型,观察该制剂对胃溃疡的治疗效果,测量大鼠胃溃疡面积,测定胃液量以及胃蛋白酶活性,并采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法检测谷氨酰转肽酶、COX-2的含量,分光光度法检测NO、NOS、SOD和MDA的含量。结果:与模型对照组比较,二十一味寒水石丸给药量300mg/kg剂量组能够显著降低大鼠胃液量和胃蛋白酶活性,并且能够能明显降低血中谷氨酰转肽酶和COX-2含量;二十一味寒水石丸给药量300mg/kg剂量组中NO含量明显升高,但对NOS含量均无明显影响;二十一味寒水石丸给药量300mg/kg剂量组能明显减少模型动物血中MDA含量,但各剂量组对模型动物血中SOD含量均无明显影响。结论:二十一味寒水石丸对小鼠溃疡有一定的治疗作用。

The Simulation of Hydrological Processes in an Ungauged Alpine Basin by Using Xinanjiang Model

由于冰雪的存在及缺乏地面观测站点资料,高寒地区的水文模拟研究一直面临很大的困难。遥感数据能够提供大范围时空尺度上的地面信息对无资料地区有很大帮助。MODIS数据具有较高的时空分辨率深受人们关注。本文以长江上游泥曲流域为例,探求将MODIS遥感数据与地面气温数据相结合对新安江模型径流模拟的帮助,方法步骤如下:(1)建立MODIS雪覆盖面积与流域周围站气温关系,获取气温阈值;(2)依据气温阈值判别降水形式并计算融雪水当量;(3)将雨雪分离后的降水信息输入新安江模型模拟径流,并与新安江模拟结果(未考虑雨雪分离)和实测径流进行比较。研究结果显示改进方案(考虑雨雪分离)模拟效果更好,将有助于提高新安江模型在高寒无资料地区的径流模拟精度,为高寒无资料地区水资源管理及生态需水研究提供帮助。