Suspended Solids from Drained Peatlands in the East Coastal Zone of New Brunswick： Point Estimates and Climate Effects on the Environment

Peatlands represent one of the most important economic resources and abandoned peatlands after mining can be considered as ecological resources by re-vegetation restoration or management. However, some environmental problems like particles from peatlands and their effects in the water system have to be characterized. Since centuries, artificial drainage has been a current practice for the mining of peatlands. Mainly mined for horticultural purpose, New Brunswick＇s peatlands--predominantly located in the eastern of the province--cover about 140,000 ha. At the downstream end of the drainage system, the water from peatlands flow into sedimentation basins. Drainage waters are often laden with solid particles. Once they have flowed through the ponds to allow sediment settling, the water is released into the water system. This paper describes the spatio-temporal evolution of suspended solids from 12 New Brunswick drained peatlands. The studied sites were characterized by some heterogeneity in the concentration of suspended solids. This study also provides knowledge on the suspended solids amount that can be released by drained peatlands, and it proposes a function to estimate the concentration of suspended solids by using climate variables; and identifies some potential ecological risks.

消费者偏好背景下的买方抗衡势力形成与影响

与以往研究关注产业链内部因素不同,对于厂商利用消费者偏好因素的买方抗衡势力形成机理和影响的研究考虑了市场环境因素作用的买方抗衡势力理论研究新视角。将消费者偏好的市场差异建模为同一产品在不同市场中消费者效用差异,基于外部选择博弈和Hotelling博弈的基本原理,构建综合反映上、下游厂商纵向关系和市场内厂商间横向关系的博弈模型。对下游厂商跨市场并购前后均衡结果的变化进行考察,得到下游厂商利用消费者偏好特征形成自身买方抗衡势力的机理以及该行为对厂商本身和竞争对手谈判势力、收益水平和规模带来的影响。研究结果表明,存在消费者偏好差异的市场间厂商并购行为不仅可以提升合并厂商自身买方抗衡势力和收益,也不会对竞争对手造成负面影响,甚至可以提高部分竞争对手的买方抗衡势力、收益和规模,产生与水岸效应相反的结果。同时,对均衡结果进行福利分析,表明下游厂商的并购行为将提高总产业利润,但会降低消费者剩余和社会福利。