关于开发肇庆市水岸经济的思考与建议——以肇庆市端州区岩前村湖畔半岛为例

广东省肇庆市拥有丰富的湖泊水岸资源,如果能利用这些资源来发展水岸经济带对整个城市经济的发展、环境的改善以及旅游竞争力的提高有着积极的作用。其中,岩前村湖畔半岛因其独特的地形地貌和优越的地理位置,非常适合作为试点来开发水岸经济。可以通过引入市场化运作、明确市场定位、融入本地文化的方式对该地区进行合理性保护性的开发,以此打造一个具有特色的城市旅游品牌。

Fish community diversity in the middle continental shelf of the East China Sea

The status of fishery stocks in the coastal waters of China is far from ideal, mainly due to climate change and the impacts of human activities （e.g., pollution and overfishing）. Thus, the restoration and protection of fishery resources have become critical and complex. The stability and balanced structure of the fish community is a basic foundation for the protection of fishery resources. Based on data collected from bottom trawls by the R/V Beidou in continental shelf of the East China Sea in November 2006 and February 2007, changes in the composition and diversity of fish species and functional groups were analyzed. The research area was divided into offshore waters and inshore waters by the two-way indicator species analysis （TWIA）. The results showed that the dominant species were different between offshore waters and inshore waters and also varied with the survey time. The most abundant family was Sciaenidae and Teraponidae in November 2006, Sciaenidae, Engraulidae and Triglidae were most abundant in February 2007. The species belonged mainly to mobile piscivores （G6）, benthivores/piscivores （G4）, benthivores （G3） and planktivores （G1）, and the dominant species in November 2006 were commercial species （e.g. Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurusjaponicus）, but small-sized species were dominant in February 2007 （e.g., Harpadon nehereus, Benthosema pterotum, Champsodon capensis, and Acropoma japonieum）. The species diversity showed a similar trend as the functional group diversity. Stations with higher diversity were mainly distributed in inshore waters in February 2007, whereas higher diversity was found in offshore waters in November 2006. The highest biomass and species number were found in G6 group, followed by the G4, G5 and GI groups. The distribution of the number of individuals of each functional group showed the opposite trend as that of the biomass distribution. In addition, the size spectra were mainly concentrated around 3-29 cm, and the individual number of fish species gradually decreased with the increase in body size, but the relative biomass showed a moderate fluctuation in each size class. These changes showed that species with faster growth rate and earlier maturity age became dominant in continental shelf of the East China Sea. So the variations in biological characteristics of fish should be fully considered in maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resource.

The White Volta Basin, Climate Change and Food Security： Perspectives of Riparian Communities in Northern Ghana

This paper has examined how the resources of the White Volta River are enhancing food availability for riparian communities in northern Ghana despite climate change and its associated effects on food security. Using participatory methods such as focus group discussions and interviews, data was collected from households and institutions in three riparian communities. The result of the study indicates that, all things been equal, cultivation of food crops along the river bank in the rainy season gives significantly high yields as compared to yields from farms farthest from the river under rain fed agriculture. Higher organic content and moisture retention capacity of river bank soils explains the yield differential and adaptability to climate change. In addition, farmers now irrigate cereal crops which were hitherto, reserved for only rainy season production. However, inappropriate irrigation practices are accelerating erosion and sedimentation of the river and thus, threaten the sustainability of agriculture and food security in the White Volta Basin. The paper therefore, recommends the adoption of IWRM （integrated water resources management） and the participation of local communities, Government and Civil Society organisations for sustaining the productive capacity of the White Volta Basin for enabling adaptation of agriculture to climate change in the riparian communities of the basin.

Policy Analysis of Shoreline Restoration Options on Private Shorelines of Puget Sound

Puget Sound shorelines have historically provided a diversity of habitats that support a variety of aquatic resources throughout the area. These valued natural resources are iconic to the region and remain central to both the economic vitality and community appreciation of Puget Sound. Coastal developments over the past 30 years have placed increased pressure on aquatic resources through deterioration of upland and nearshore shoreline habitats within the region. Since a majority of Washington State upland shorelines are privately owned, regulatory authority to require future restoration on private property is not feasible. Washington States＇ Shoreline Management Act requires local jurisdictions to plan for appropriate future shoreline uses. Under the Act, future development can be regulated to protect existing ecological functions. However, lost functions cannot be retroactively restored through regulatory means, but rather require purchase or compensation of the private property to be restored. Therefore, questions remain as to the ecological resilience of the region when considering cumulative effects of existing and ongoing shoreline development and limited shoreline restoration opportunities constrained to public lands. In light of these questions, this analysis will explore opportunities to promote restoration on privately owned shorelines within Puget Sound. These efforts are intended to promote more efficient coastal management to improve ecosystem services.

Study of Panjin Wetlands Along Bohai Coast(Ⅱ):Ecological Water Requirement of Shuangtaizi Estuarine Wetland

Shuangtaizi estuarine wetland along the Bohai Sea coast,the biggest bulrush wetland in the world,has been listed in 'The Record of Important International Wetland Conservation District'. Taking the year of 2 000 as an example,the minimum,the most suitable and the maximum ecological water requirement of Shuangtaizi estuarine wetland are calculated in this paper based on both ecological theory and Geological Information System technology. In addition,the remote sensing technique is adopted in the data acquisition process. Moreover,the total water requirement and the unit area water requirement for different wetland types are obtained. The result is very important for water resources planning,ecological conservation and regional agriculture structure adjustment in Shuangtaizi. Meanwhile,this study can serve as a useful example for calculating the ecological water requirement in other similar estuarine wetlands.

查尔斯河的水岸商旅经济

介绍了美国波士顿查尔斯河利用水岸资源，开发商业旅游经济的经验和效益，以及重视水质保洁的一些做法。

景观宜居设计在宜兴两氿三河提升工程中的实践

为提升宜兴市城市建设的水平,诠释城市滨水开放空间的价值,以宜兴两氿三河提升工程为例,介绍了景观宜居设计。首先,简单分析了两氿三河的现状情况;接着,提出了交通宜居、空间定居、文化宜居、生态宜居、智慧宜居五大设计策略;最后,阐述了景观宜居设计特色。该设计为类似景观宜居设计的规划与建设提供了借鉴。