省水船闸闸底水平分流式连通廊道布置形式优化

省水船闸闸墙长廊道侧支孔输水系统通常采用闸底水平分流式连通廊道布置形式,以减少工程开挖量,分流均匀性是此类船闸输水过程的核心难题。针对该问题,依托我国某省水船闸工程,采用三维水流数值模拟方法对其连通廊道布置形式进行优化研究。结果表明:增大连通廊道与闸墙长廊道的接口面积,可有效改善两侧支廊道流量震荡问题。连通廊道水平分流口两侧宽度与分流墩两侧半径间的比值K表征分流口两侧分流的均匀性,当K=1.064时,两侧支廊道分流均匀性、闸室支孔出流均匀性及水流条件较佳。研究成果可为类似省水船闸连通廊道布置提供技术参考。

cTTE联合TEE在诊断心房水平分流中的应用

目的:应用经胸超声心动图声学造影(c TTE)联合经食管超声心动图(TEE)对临床怀疑存在房水平右向左分流的病人进行检查,为临床诊断及治疗提供诊断依据。方法:对72例临床怀疑存在房水平右向左分流的病人先行c TTE检查观察静息状态及Valsalva动作后左心内微气泡数量,对有右向左分流的病人再行TEE检查,最终明确房水平分流的病因。结果:c TTE发现房水平右向左分流17例,房水平无分流55例。前者行TEE检查后,12例病人存在FFO,5例病人房水平无分流。结论:c TTE能快速的发现房水平右向左分流,联合经食管超声心动图可以明确分流的病因,可为临床治疗提供重要的影像学依据。

16岁以下室间隔缺损患者年龄因素和室水平分流压差在评价肺动脉特性中的应用

目的探讨16岁以下室间隔缺损（VSD）患儿年龄因素和室水平分流压差（PG）在评价肺动脉特性中的应用价值。方法对263例16岁以下VSD患儿行右心导管检查测得肺动脉平均压（PAMP），3d内再行超声心动图检查。根据年龄将患儿分为〈5岁组（中小型VSD者56例，大型VSD者89例）和5。15岁组（中小型VSD者29例，大型VSD者15例）。计算肺动脉线性顺应性（LPACIh）。结果PG与PAMP在〈5岁组和5～15岁组均呈显著负相关（r=-0．680和-0．567），且〈5岁组的相关程度大于5～15岁组（P〈0．05）。年龄与PAMP在〈5岁组中呈负相关（r=-0．290，P〈0．05），而在5～15岁组中无相关性。LPACIh与PAMP在〈5岁组和5—15岁组中均呈负相关（r=-0．554和-0．608，P=-0．000）。LPACIh与年龄在〈5岁组和5—15岁组中均呈正相关（r=-0．390和0．167，P〈0．05），且〈5岁组中LPACIh随年龄变化的程度更加明显，年龄越小，LPACIh越低。同一年龄组，大型VSD患儿的LPACIh明显低于中小型VSD患儿，而同一VSD组，〈5岁组的LPACIh低于5～15岁组，差异均有统计学意义。结论年龄对5岁以下VSD患儿的肺动脉压影响显著，而对5—15岁VSD患儿肺动脉压影响不显著。PG反应肺动脉顺应性，与PAMP呈明显的负相关。

彩色多普勒速度能量图诊断房水平分流价值探讨

对51例房间隔缺损(ASD)患者术前进行彩色多普勒速度图(CDV)和彩色多普勒速度能量图(CCD)检查,对房水平分流的方向、分流束的边界连续性及彩色充填进行观察对比分析。CDV显示左向右分流38例,双向分流5例,右向左分流4例,无明显分流4例;CCD显示左向右分流37例,右向左分流3例,余均显示左向右为主或右向左为主的双向分流。且流束的边界连续性好,内彩色血流信号丰富。说明应用CCD技术检测ASD房水平分流的敏感性高于CDV,达到了心内动态造影的效果。

心功能分级评分在房水平分流心脏病合并肺炎婴儿心功能不全早期诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨心功能分级评分在房水平分流心脏病合并肺炎婴儿心功能不全早期诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2010年7月—2012年7月收治的房水平分流心脏病合并肺炎患儿28例,其中卵圆孔未闭合并肺炎17例,房间隔缺损合并肺炎11例,随机分为观察组和对照组各14例。两组均进行心功能分级评分,按肺炎常规治疗。观察组评分>3分时给予减轻心脏负荷和增加心肌收缩力等改善心功能治疗。对照组达到心力衰竭诊断标准时再给予改善心功能治疗。比较两组患儿心功能评分变化、平均住院时间。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果住院当天心功能评分,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);住院第4天、第8天心功能评分,观察组与对照组比较均明显减低,提示心功能改善,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组平均住院时间(10.3±2.09)d,对照组平均住院时间(12.6±2.74)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论房水平分流心脏病婴儿肺炎时应用心功能分级评分有利于早期识别心力衰竭,尽早给予改善心功能治疗,能提高疗效,缩短患儿平均住院时间。

两种超声心动图方法与右心导管检测室间隔缺损患者肺动脉收缩压的对比研究

目的对比两种超声心动图压力测算法与右心导管检测对室间隔缺损患者肺动脉收缩压的差异,并进行分析评估。方法 175例室间隔缺损患者分别使用室水平分流测算法和三尖瓣反流压差测算法对肺动脉收缩压进行测量,并对结果进行比较分析;对其中102例患者行右心导管检查,与超声心动图两种方法测量的结果进行对比分析。结果超声心动图两种方法测算的肺动脉收缩压压力结果有较好的相关性(r=0.828,P=0.000),但是当室水平分流速度>4m/s时,两种方法存在显著性差异(P<0.05);102例行右心导管检查测量肺动脉收缩压与超声心动图测量结果比较,当室水平分流测算法和三尖瓣反流压差测算法之差<20mmHg时,三种方法测量的结果无显著性差异(P>0.05);当室水平分流测算法和三尖瓣反流压差测算法之差>20mmHg时,三种方法结果有显著性差异(P<0.05),而室水平分流测算法与右心导管检查估测的结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论室水平分流测算法和三尖瓣反流压差测算法估测的肺动脉收缩压有较好的相关性,当两种测算结果存在较大差异(>20mmHg)时,三尖瓣反流压差测算法容易产生误差,室水平分流计算法结果较为准确。

Experimental Research on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Spiral Flow in Horizontal Pipe

In view of the importance of gas-liquid two-phase spiral flow and the few research reports at home and abroad,the gas-liquid two-phase spiral flow patterns have been researched in a horizontal pipe with different parameters investigated by means of observation and a high-speed camera.Since the appearance of spiral flow makes the distribution of twophase flow more complicated,the flow patterns appearing in the experiments were divided into the Spiral Wavy Stratified Flow(SWS),the Spiral Bubble Flow(SB),the Spiral Slug Flow(SS),the Spiral Linear Flow(SL),the Spiral Axial Flow(SA),and the Spiral Dispersed Flow(SD) by the observations and with reference to the predecessors' research achievements.A flow pattern map has been drawn up.The influence of velocity,vane angle and vane area on flow pattern conversion boundary and pressure drop has been studied,with a solid foundation laid for the future research work.

Double-diffusive Fluxes of Salt and Heat in the Upper Layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water

Almost half of the oceanic water columns exhibit double-diffusion. The importance of double-diffusion in global oceans’ salt and heat fluxes, water-mass formation and mixing, and circulation is increasingly recognized. However, such an important physical process in the ocean has not been well studied. One of the reasons is the difficulty of parameterizing and quantifying the processes. The paper presented here attempts to quantify the double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat in the ocean. Previous qualitative analysis by applying the water-mass Turner angle, mTu, to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) layer showed a favorable condition for salt-fingering in the upper NPIW due to the overlying warm/salty water above the cold/fresh NPIW core, and a doubly-stable condition in the lower NPIW where potential temperature decreases with depth while salinity increases, inducing double stratification with respect to both potential temperature and salinity. The present study gives a quantitative estimate of double-diffusive fluxes of salt and heat contributed by salt-fingering in the upper NPIW layer.

Stability of Stratified Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Pipes

A viscous Kelvin-Helmholtz criterion of the interfacial wave instability is proposed in this paper based on the linear stability analysis of a transient one-dimensional two-fluid model. In thismodel, the pressure is evaluated using the local momentum balance rather than the hydrostatic approximation. The criterion predicts well the stability limit of stratified flow in horizontal and nearly horizontal pipes. The experimental and theoretical investigation on the effect of pipe inclination on the interfacial instability are carded out. It is found that the critical liquid height at the onset of interfacial wave instability is insensitive to the pipe inclination. However, the pipe inclination significantly affects critical superficial liquid velocity and wave velocity especially lor low gas velocities.

Upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of colon cancer cells

AIM: To analyze the upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of primary colon cancer cells. METHODS: Upregulated CD133 expression in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cell lines (Lovo, Colo205, Caco-2, HCT116 and SW620) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Human colon cancer tissue samples were stained with anti-human CD133. SW620 cells were sorted according to the CD133 expression level measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Spheroids of colorectal cancer cells were cultured with the hanging drop. Expression of CD133 and Lgr5 in spheroids of colorectal cancer cells and monolayer culture was detected by RT-qPCR. Spheroids of colorectal cancer cells were analyzed using anti-human CD133 with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: CD133 antigen was expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines (Lovo, Colo205, Caco-2, HCT116 and SW620) as well as in primary and metastatic human colon cancer tissues. However, the CD133 was differently expressed in these cell lines and tissues. The expression levels of CD133 and Lgr5 were significantly higher in spheroids of parental, CD133hi and CD133-cells than in their monolayer culture at the mRNA level (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of spheroids of CD133-cells showed that CD133 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Upregulated CD133 expression plays a role in tumorigenesis colorectal cancer cells, which may promote the expression of other critical genes that can drive tumorigenesis.

A quasi-synoptic interpretation of water mass distribution and circulation in the western North Pacific:I.Water mass distribution

With high-resolution conductivity-temperature-depth （CTD） observations conducted in Oct.-Nov. 2005, this study provides a detailed quasi-synoptic description of the North Pacific Tropic Water （NPTW）, North Pacific Intermediate Water （NPIW） and Antarctic Intermediate Water （AAIW） in the western North Pacific. Some novel features are found. NPTW enters the western ocean with highest-salinity core off shore at 15°-18°N, and then splits to flow northward and southward along the western boundary. Its salinity decreases and density increases outside the core region. NPIW spreads westward north of 15°N with lowest salinity off shore at 21°N, but mainly hugs the Mindanao coast south of 12°N. It shoals and thins toward the south, with salinity increasing and density decreasing. AAIW extends to higher latitude off shore than that in shore, and it is traced as a salinity minimum to only 10°N at 130°E. Most of the South Pacific waters turn northeastward rather than directly flow northward upon reaching to the Mindanao coast, indicating the eastward shift of the Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）.

ZM-66, a New Podophyllotoxin Derivative Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in K562/ADM Cells

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect of ZM-66 on multidrug-resistant leukemic cell line K562/ADM. Methods The K562/ADM cells were treated with varying concentrations （0, 1, 2, 4×10^-3 mmol/L） of ZM-66 or etoposide for 24 hours. The proliferation was detected by Sulforhodamine B Sodium Salt （SRB） assay and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent staining. In addition, the expression levels of p53 and bax genes in K562/ADM cells were detected by RT-PCR analysis. The level of P-glycoprotein （P-gp）, P53 and Bax protein in K562/ADM cells were detected by Western blot assay. Results SRB assay demonstrated that etoposide had little inhibitory effect on K562/ADM cells, whereas ZM-66 （1, 2, 4×10^-3 mmol/L） had significantly inhibitory effect on K562/ADM cells （all P〈0.01）. The acridine orange/propidium iodide dual staining showed that there were typical condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation nuclei with red color in ZM-66 treated cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that there was a significantly increase of apoptotic cells i~ K562/KDM cells after treated with ZM-66. RT-PCR showed that the p53 and bax mRNA expression levels in K562/ADM cells treated with ZM-66 at 1, 2, 4×10^-3 mmol/L were higher than those in the cell without treatment. Western blot showed that the P53 and Bax protein expression levels in K562/ADM cells treated with ZM-66 at 2, 4x 10 s mmol/L were higher than those in the cell without treatment. But the P-gp protein expression level in K562/ADM cells treated with ZM-66 at 2, 4×10^-3 mmol/L was gradually lower than those in the cell without treatment. Conclusion ZM-66 is able to induce cell death by apoptosis in vitro, as a result of the reverse of theapoptosis resistance in drug-resistant K562/ADM cells by modulating expression of key factors associated with apoptosis induction.

Flame development characteristics at variable swirl level inductions in a stratified CNG direct injection combustion engine

The study of flame development characteristics is crucial in the study of flame propagation, extinction, and for the investigation of combustion cyclic variability in SI engine. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of flame development in a lean-stratified combustion of Natural Gas Engine （CNG） in a single cylinder direct injection （DI） engine at a specific motor speed, and fixed injection timing and air-fuel ratio by varying only the swirl level at the intake. The engine was set to run at 1800 rpm with half-load throttled. The ignition advance was set at 21.5 BTDC, and to create an overall lean and stratified mixture, injection timing was set at 61 BTDC with an air-fuel-ratio of 40.5 （λ=2.35）. Variable turbulent flow conditions near spark-plug were created by positioning the swirl control valves （SCV） at the intake port just before the two intake valves. This was done by setting one of the valves at full open position and the other one at 0% closed, 50% closed and 100% closed positions in order to achieve medium tumble （no swirl）, medium swirl and high swirl flows in the cylinder, respectively. An endoscope and CCD camera assembly was utilized to capture the flame images from the tumble plane at the intake side of the engine ever）, 2 CA degrees after ignition timing （AIT） for 40 CAs. It was observed that flame growth rate and flame convection velocity are increasing with increasing the swirl level. The total combustion duration is, thus, shorter in swirl induced combustion than without. However, COV in IMEP is greater in swirl induced flow cases than the medium tumble.

EVOLUTION OF MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY DURING A WARM-ZONE HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA

First,based on routine meteorological data,the synoptic characteristics of a heavy warm-sector rainfall that occurred on June 13,2008 in the Pearl River Delta were analyzed.Second,a mesoscale numerical model,Weather Research and Forecasting(WRFV2.2),was used to simulate the heavy rainfall. Diagnostic analyses were done of moist potential vorticity(MPV)for its horizontal components(MPV2) and vertical components(MPV1)based on the simulation results of WRFV2.2 to identify the mechanism of the rainfall development.The results showed that the heavy rainfall occurred when there were high MPV1 in the upper levels and low MPV1 and high MPV2 in the lower levels.Disturbances of high MPV1 in the upper levels came from the southwest or northwest,those of low MPV1 in the lower levels came from the southwest,and those of high MPV2 came from the south.Disturbances of low MPV1 at low levels were the direct cause of convective instability.Enhanced vertical shear of meridional wind led to increased MPV2 at lower levels,strengthened baroclinicity,and active warm and wet flows.These distributions of MPV helped to trigger the release of unstable energy and produce warm-sector heavy rainfall.As it integrates the evolution of dynamic and thermal fields,MPV is able to reveal the development of this heavy rainfall effectively.

Water Resources Development and Water Utilization in the Gavkhuni River Basin, Iran

Analysis of water supplies and demand over the past 50 years in the Gavkhuni River Basin（GRB） indicate that despite large investments in water resources development the basin remains just as vulnerable to drought as it always has been. During the period of analysis two transbasin diversions and a storage reservoir have been constructed which have more or less doubled the annual supply to water to the basin. But with each water resource development extractive capacity for irrigation, urban and industrial use has increased by the same amount, so that all new water is allocated as soon as it is available. The most recent developments, since 1980, have actually increased vulnerability to drought because extractive capacity is greater than average flow into the basin. Whenever demand exceeds supply all water is extracted from the basin and the tail end dries up. During the past 50 years flows into the salt pan at the downstream end of the basin have been negligible for more than half the time. Prospects for the future are bleak because once the current phase of water resources development is completed no further water supplies are likely, but demand continues to rise at a steady rate. Ultimately agriculture will have to concede water to urban, industrial and environmental demands.

房间隔缺损修补术后心房内附壁血栓形成1例

患者男，2H岁。入院前10个月发现继发孔型房间隔缺损，并在我院心脏外科行缺损修补术。术后患者一般情况无异常，超声随访未见心房水平分流。患者术后行超声复查来我院就诊．超声心动图示右心稍大，心内及大血管水平未见分流。

老年心上型部分性肺静脉畸形引流1例

患者男性,71岁,因“发现血糖升高3天冶入院。入院心电图检查显示：窦性心律,电轴右偏；胸部X线片显示：右肺门增大,右下肺动脉增粗,双下肺纹理增多；心脏彩超显示：右心房、右心室增大,三尖瓣少量反流,卵圆孔未闭（图1~4）。因患者三尖瓣反流及心房水平分流程度与右心系统增大不相符,行右心声学造影检查,未见明显心腔内分流；高度怀疑可能合并有肺静脉畸形。因患者主动脉上窝声窗显影较差,故行心血管MSCT检查,结果提示：左无名静脉增粗,左侧肺静脉形成共干后,向上经垂直静脉引流进入无名静脉,之后汇入上腔静脉（图5、6）。诊断：心上型部分性肺静脉畸形引流（anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins,ADPV）。因患者年龄较大,且无明显肺动脉高压迹象,故未进行外科矫治手术,临床动态随访观察。