A novel noninvasive approach, based on flow-induced vibration, to the online flow regime identification for wet gas flow in a horizontal pipeline is proposed. Research into the flow-induced vibration response for the ...A novel noninvasive approach, based on flow-induced vibration, to the online flow regime identification for wet gas flow in a horizontal pipeline is proposed. Research into the flow-induced vibration response for the wet gas flow was conducted under the conditions of pipe diameter 50 mm, pressure from 0.25 MPa to 0.35 MPa, Lockhart-Martinelli parameter from 0.02 to 0.6, and gas Froude Number from 0.5 to 2.7. The flow-induced vibration signals were measured by a transducer installed on outside wall of pipe, and then the normalized energy features from different frequency bands in the vibration signals were extracted through 4-scale wavelet package transform. A "binary tree" multi-class support vector machine(MCSVM) classifier, with the normalized feature vector as inputs, and Gaussian radial basis function as kernel function, was developed to identify the three typical flow regimes including stratified wavy flow, annular mist flow, and slug flow for wet gas flow. The results show that the method can identify effectively flow regimes and its identification accuracy is about 93.3%. Comparing with the other classifiers, the MCSVM classifier has higher accuracy, especially under the case of small samples. The noninvasive measurement approach has great application prospect in online flow regime identification.展开更多
Breast cancer is one of the world＇s most urgent health problems. The first symptoms of mammary malignancies are manifested only at an advanced stage with significant mortality. Detecting this disease at an early stag...Breast cancer is one of the world＇s most urgent health problems. The first symptoms of mammary malignancies are manifested only at an advanced stage with significant mortality. Detecting this disease at an early stage gives the majority of patients a better chance of survival. The aim was to search for changes in gene expression of specific tumor vascular markers like death receptor 6 （Dr6） and glycoprotein M6B （Gpm6B） in the blood of patients with breast cancer. All subjects were divided into two groups. First group with patients are with different grades of breats tumors （n = 30）. Second group consists from healthy women （n = 15）. After isolation of mRNA from blood, RT-PCR was followed by gel electrophoresis. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA was used with Student＇s T test using GraphPad InStat software. Significant changes in mRNA levels of gene Dr6 in all grades of first stage breast cancer were detected. The mRNA levels of Dr6 showed a rising tendency from GI （116% higher value than control） to G3 （198% higher than control）. During monitoring of the mRNA level of Gpm6B, a weaker increase was observed than in Dr6. The difference in GI was only 8% higher compared with controls and 44% at G3. From our results it can be concluded that DR6 is a more suitable marker for the diagnosis of breast malignancies in the early stages than Gpm6B. In our work, a non-invasive method for more timely and precise determination of the earlier stages of breast cancer is described, which could also contribute to monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, or regression of this disease.展开更多
Theory of film condensation heat transfer(FCHT) for vapor condensed on horizontal tube bundle(HTB) is vital to many industry processes.Meanwhile,the inundation effect is the key to model the film condensation heat tra...Theory of film condensation heat transfer(FCHT) for vapor condensed on horizontal tube bundle(HTB) is vital to many industry processes.Meanwhile,the inundation effect is the key to model the film condensation heat transfer coefficient(CHTC) on HTB.This paper proposed a new experimental method,homologous method,to obtain the inundation effect precisely.Based on the requirements of the new test method,a new test facility was designed and established.Then,the superiority of homologous method for inundation effect was investigated based on experiment result and theoretic analysis.The results showed that the homogenous method can effectively control the experimental error of inundation effect,which is less than 50% of the error of CHTC,and less than 30% of the error of the inundation effect gained by routine method.The new test facility built for the homogenous method is excellent in obtaining the accurate inundation effect of film condensation on HTB.All the result is a foundation of the theoretical development of the FCHT on HTB.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60672003）
文摘A novel noninvasive approach, based on flow-induced vibration, to the online flow regime identification for wet gas flow in a horizontal pipeline is proposed. Research into the flow-induced vibration response for the wet gas flow was conducted under the conditions of pipe diameter 50 mm, pressure from 0.25 MPa to 0.35 MPa, Lockhart-Martinelli parameter from 0.02 to 0.6, and gas Froude Number from 0.5 to 2.7. The flow-induced vibration signals were measured by a transducer installed on outside wall of pipe, and then the normalized energy features from different frequency bands in the vibration signals were extracted through 4-scale wavelet package transform. A "binary tree" multi-class support vector machine(MCSVM) classifier, with the normalized feature vector as inputs, and Gaussian radial basis function as kernel function, was developed to identify the three typical flow regimes including stratified wavy flow, annular mist flow, and slug flow for wet gas flow. The results show that the method can identify effectively flow regimes and its identification accuracy is about 93.3%. Comparing with the other classifiers, the MCSVM classifier has higher accuracy, especially under the case of small samples. The noninvasive measurement approach has great application prospect in online flow regime identification.
文摘Breast cancer is one of the world＇s most urgent health problems. The first symptoms of mammary malignancies are manifested only at an advanced stage with significant mortality. Detecting this disease at an early stage gives the majority of patients a better chance of survival. The aim was to search for changes in gene expression of specific tumor vascular markers like death receptor 6 （Dr6） and glycoprotein M6B （Gpm6B） in the blood of patients with breast cancer. All subjects were divided into two groups. First group with patients are with different grades of breats tumors （n = 30）. Second group consists from healthy women （n = 15）. After isolation of mRNA from blood, RT-PCR was followed by gel electrophoresis. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA was used with Student＇s T test using GraphPad InStat software. Significant changes in mRNA levels of gene Dr6 in all grades of first stage breast cancer were detected. The mRNA levels of Dr6 showed a rising tendency from GI （116% higher value than control） to G3 （198% higher than control）. During monitoring of the mRNA level of Gpm6B, a weaker increase was observed than in Dr6. The difference in GI was only 8% higher compared with controls and 44% at G3. From our results it can be concluded that DR6 is a more suitable marker for the diagnosis of breast malignancies in the early stages than Gpm6B. In our work, a non-invasive method for more timely and precise determination of the earlier stages of breast cancer is described, which could also contribute to monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, or regression of this disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078053)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. DUT11ZD105)
文摘Theory of film condensation heat transfer(FCHT) for vapor condensed on horizontal tube bundle(HTB) is vital to many industry processes.Meanwhile,the inundation effect is the key to model the film condensation heat transfer coefficient(CHTC) on HTB.This paper proposed a new experimental method,homologous method,to obtain the inundation effect precisely.Based on the requirements of the new test method,a new test facility was designed and established.Then,the superiority of homologous method for inundation effect was investigated based on experiment result and theoretic analysis.The results showed that the homogenous method can effectively control the experimental error of inundation effect,which is less than 50% of the error of CHTC,and less than 30% of the error of the inundation effect gained by routine method.The new test facility built for the homogenous method is excellent in obtaining the accurate inundation effect of film condensation on HTB.All the result is a foundation of the theoretical development of the FCHT on HTB.
