采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法建立水平管外冷态降膜流动的计算模型,对冷态液膜流动条件下水平管外的液膜厚度分布以及流体速度分布规律进行研究,分析喷淋密度、流动截面位置及壁面距离对速度场的影响。数值计算结果表明:液体喷淋密度越...采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法建立水平管外冷态降膜流动的计算模型,对冷态液膜流动条件下水平管外的液膜厚度分布以及流体速度分布规律进行研究,分析喷淋密度、流动截面位置及壁面距离对速度场的影响。数值计算结果表明:液体喷淋密度越大,水平管外液膜的流动速度越快;在降膜液柱所在的截面处,液膜周向速度随周向角的增大而增大;在相邻降膜液柱的中间截面处,液膜周向速度随周向角的增大而增大,在30°~110°周向角内液膜周向速度快速增加,在120°~150°周向角内液膜周向速度变化较为平缓。展开更多
Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management le...Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management level. Since the reform and opening, the adoption of international standards and foreign advanced standards as a major technical and economic policy and active promotion of it, has played a significant role in promoting economic development and improve our products competitive in the international market. Some of the industry increased awareness of the standardization in the fierce competition in the market, making the standardization as a competitive means to promote industrial upgrading and technological progress.展开更多
AIM: To perform a comprehensive investigation into the potential correlation between circulating myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Th17 cells in esophageal cancer (ECA). METHODS: A total of 31 patients newly...AIM: To perform a comprehensive investigation into the potential correlation between circulating myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Th17 cells in esophageal cancer (ECA). METHODS: A total of 31 patients newly diagnosed with ECA and 26 healthy subjects were included in the current study. The frequencies of MDSCs and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cytokines, arginase 1 (Arg1) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma Arg1 were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: There was an increased prevalence of MDSCs in the peripheral blood from ECA patients (15.21% ± 2.25%) when compared with healthy control (HC) (1.10% ± 0.12%, P < 0.0001). The plasma levels of Arg1 in ECA patients were significantly higher than those in HC (28.28 ± 4.10 ng/mL vs 9.57 ± 1.51 ng/ mL, P=0.0003). iNOS mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of ECA patients also showed a threefold increase compared with HC (P=0.0162). The frequencies of Th17 cells (CD4 + IL-17A + ) were significantly elevated in ECA patients versus HC (3.50% ± 0.33% vs 1.82% ± 0.19%, P=0.0001). Increased mRNA expression of IL-17 and ROR-γt was also observed in ECA patients compared with HC (P=0.0041 and P=0.0004, respectively), while the mRNA expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) showed significant decreases (P=0.0049 and P < 0.0001, respectively). No obvious correlations were found between the frequencies of MDSCs and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood from ECA patients(r=-0.1725, P=0.3534). Arg1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with levels of IL-6 (r=0.6404, P=0.0031) and TNF-α (r=0.7646, P=0.0001). Similarly, iNOS mRNA levels were also positively correlated with levels of IL-6 (r=0.6782, P=0.0007) and TNF-α (r=0.7633, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study reveals the relationship between circulating MDSCs and Th17 cells, which may lead to new immunotherapy approaches for ECA based on the associated metabolites and cytokines.展开更多
文摘采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法建立水平管外冷态降膜流动的计算模型,对冷态液膜流动条件下水平管外的液膜厚度分布以及流体速度分布规律进行研究,分析喷淋密度、流动截面位置及壁面距离对速度场的影响。数值计算结果表明:液体喷淋密度越大,水平管外液膜的流动速度越快;在降膜液柱所在的截面处,液膜周向速度随周向角的增大而增大;在相邻降膜液柱的中间截面处,液膜周向速度随周向角的增大而增大,在30°~110°周向角内液膜周向速度快速增加,在120°~150°周向角内液膜周向速度变化较为平缓。
文摘Standardization is the fundamental guarantee of the enterprise to ensure product quality, and improve market competitiveness; an important means of increasing economic efficiency and improving enterprise management level. Since the reform and opening, the adoption of international standards and foreign advanced standards as a major technical and economic policy and active promotion of it, has played a significant role in promoting economic development and improve our products competitive in the international market. Some of the industry increased awareness of the standardization in the fierce competition in the market, making the standardization as a competitive means to promote industrial upgrading and technological progress.
基金Supported by Grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872335, 81172871The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. BK2009208the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies
文摘AIM: To perform a comprehensive investigation into the potential correlation between circulating myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Th17 cells in esophageal cancer (ECA). METHODS: A total of 31 patients newly diagnosed with ECA and 26 healthy subjects were included in the current study. The frequencies of MDSCs and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cytokines, arginase 1 (Arg1) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma Arg1 were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: There was an increased prevalence of MDSCs in the peripheral blood from ECA patients (15.21% ± 2.25%) when compared with healthy control (HC) (1.10% ± 0.12%, P < 0.0001). The plasma levels of Arg1 in ECA patients were significantly higher than those in HC (28.28 ± 4.10 ng/mL vs 9.57 ± 1.51 ng/ mL, P=0.0003). iNOS mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of ECA patients also showed a threefold increase compared with HC (P=0.0162). The frequencies of Th17 cells (CD4 + IL-17A + ) were significantly elevated in ECA patients versus HC (3.50% ± 0.33% vs 1.82% ± 0.19%, P=0.0001). Increased mRNA expression of IL-17 and ROR-γt was also observed in ECA patients compared with HC (P=0.0041 and P=0.0004, respectively), while the mRNA expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) showed significant decreases (P=0.0049 and P < 0.0001, respectively). No obvious correlations were found between the frequencies of MDSCs and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood from ECA patients(r=-0.1725, P=0.3534). Arg1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with levels of IL-6 (r=0.6404, P=0.0031) and TNF-α (r=0.7646, P=0.0001). Similarly, iNOS mRNA levels were also positively correlated with levels of IL-6 (r=0.6782, P=0.0007) and TNF-α (r=0.7633, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study reveals the relationship between circulating MDSCs and Th17 cells, which may lead to new immunotherapy approaches for ECA based on the associated metabolites and cytokines.
